碳纳米管掺杂WO_3气敏元件敏感特性的研究

研究以碳纳米管(CNT)为掺杂剂制备的CNT-WO3旁热式气敏元件。采用球磨、超声分散的方法对碳纳米管进行分散处理,溶胶—凝胶方法制备WO3微粉,用SEM观察了WO3气敏材料的显微结构,测试了元件对丙酮的气敏性能。结果表明:碳纳米管存在于平均粒径为30~50 nm的WO3晶粒间,从而增加了材料的气孔率。碳纳米管掺杂元件对丙酮的灵敏度远高于纯WO3元件,质量分数为0.4%的掺杂量对丙酮有最高灵敏度,具有能检测低体积分数丙酮气体、选择性好的优点,特别是掺杂碳纳米管明显提高了WO3元件的响应速度。     

Zn2+掺杂WO3基气敏材料的制备及气敏性能研究

通过加热分解钨酸制备的WO3与Zn(NO3)2溶液超声分散,制备出了掺杂Zn2 的WO3基气敏材料。研究了Zn2 掺杂对WO3气敏材料性能的影响。结果发现,Zn2 掺杂WO3基传感器对H2S有较好的气敏性能,在常温下对极低浓度(5×10-6)H2S也有很高的灵敏度(56),适量掺杂可以提高其灵敏度,Zn2 掺杂n_Zn~(2 )/n_W=2%的WO3基传感器的灵敏度最大,对50×10-6H2S在200℃灵敏度可达1800。通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD),比表面测定仪(BET)对材料进行了表征,比表面积范围介于2.5～3.5m2/g之间。结合有关理论,对元件气敏现象及机理进行了解释。     

WO_3掺杂NiO的气敏性能研究

用水热法制备出NiO纳米粉体,对其进行了WO3系列掺杂。利用XRD对产物晶相结构进行表征,测试了掺杂材料的气敏性能。结果表明:适量WO3的掺杂明显改善了NiO材料的气敏性能,其中,掺杂质量分数为6%的气敏元件性能最好,350℃时对Cl2的灵敏度可达到37.5,200℃时对H2S的灵敏度可达30.4。说明该元件在不同温度下对不同气体具有选择性,且该元件对H2S响应恢复快。     

常温下氧化钨基NO2传感器气敏特性的光照强度依赖研究

为了研究WO3的常温气敏性能,以热氧化钨丝的方法制备WQ3纳米材料并制作厚膜气敏元件,通过XRD对材料的晶体结构进行表征,对敏感元件进行了气敏性能测试,测得该元件在常温、0.4W/cm2紫外光(波长:300～450nm)辐照条件下对50ppm的NO2的灵敏度S=15.4,响应时间τres=2.5s,恢复时间τrec=18.1s;在加热功率为0.81W条件下,元件对50ppm NO2的灵敏度为S=22.5,响应时间τres=1.5s,恢复时间τrec=10.7s,研究了灵敏度对光功率密度和加热功率的依赖关系,实验结果表明WO3纳米材料在常温、紫外光照条件下对NO2具有较好的气敏性能.     

用气相反应法制备纳米WO3气敏材料

材料的制备是研制半导体气敏传感器的关键环节.用气相反应法,以纯钨丝为原料,制备了WO3粉末,又以此WO3粉末为基材,制作了NO2气敏传感元件.在性能测试中发现,该元件对低浓度(10-10)NO2灵敏,灵敏度可达10倍左右,而且响应迅速,响应时间为1.5 s.文中从材料的微观结构入手,对材料的敏感机理作了分析.     

氧化钨纳米线修饰多孔硅结构的制备及NO2气敏性能研究

针对多孔硅气敏传感器在室温下对NO2气体灵敏度较低、选择性不强的问题,采用双槽电化学腐蚀法制备多孔硅,然后在多孔硅顶部溅射沉积金属钨薄膜并经高温热处理氧化形成WO3纳米线,制备出WO3纳米线修饰多孔硅结构及其气敏传感器,对WO3纳米线/多孔硅材料进行了SEM和XRD分析,测试了传感器室温下对NO2的气敏特性。结果表明,制备WO3纳米线的最佳热处理条件是700℃,此温度下增加金属钨膜溅射时间可提升WO3纳米线的生长密度? 所制备的传感器对NO2气体表现出反型气敏响应,特别是溅射1min金属钨的样品显示出优异的NO2室温探测能力与选择性,对4×10-6NO的气敏灵敏度是单纯多孔硅样品的 5.8倍。     

铈掺杂WO_3纳米材料气敏特性研究

以金属W粉为原料采用溶胶—凝胶法制得纳米级WO3粉体,探讨了不同CeO2添加量对气敏特性的影响。CeO2掺杂WO3材料对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)气体灵敏度有显著提高,而器件的工作温度有所降低。FE—SEM测试结果说明:CeO2掺杂对晶界的移动形成某种"钉扎"效应,使晶粒减小,比表面积增大。复阻抗谱分析认为,Ce4+主要存在于晶界,使晶界电阻增大,晶界电容减小,提高了WO3材料的气敏特性。     

基于复合气敏材料WO3/SrAl2 O4的硫化氢气体传感器

采用溶胶—凝胶法制得WO3/SrAl2 O4复合气敏材料.经过工艺加工制得旁热式厚膜陶瓷元件在密封的气室内测试,获得了对H2 S气体具有良好灵敏度、选择性和响应恢复性的气敏元件.为检测和治理生产生活中的H2 S污染,提供了可供参考应用的气敏传感元件.     

WO3掺杂对NiO基纳米材料VOCs气体气敏性能的影响

用均匀共沉淀法制备纳米NiO材料,研究不同WO3添加量对材料气敏性能的影响.WO3的掺杂使NiO气敏材料对挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体的灵敏度有显著的提高,且通过XRD图谱分析,WO3的添加抑制了NiO晶粒生长,增大了材料的比表面积,改善了NiO材料的气敏性能.     

掺杂Au改善SnO2甲苯气敏元件性能的研究

SnO2掺杂Au,WO3,La制备了纳米材料,采用丝网印刷方法获得平面厚膜型甲苯气敏元件,通过测量材料的气敏特性和复阻抗谱,探讨了掺杂对元件的灵敏度、选择性和响应速度的影响。结果表明：Au掺杂能极大地提高元件对甲苯的灵敏度,在体积分数为100×10^-6甲苯气氛中灵敏度达35,元件的响应时间约为20s,恢复时间约为10s,对乙醇、甲醛、丙酮和苯气氛有良好的选择性。复阻抗分析说明对甲苯气氛的灵敏度来源于晶界电阻和晶界电容的变化。灵敏度提高与掺Au有效地改善了界面的氧吸附效应有关。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。