The 12B counter: an active dosemeter for high-energy neutrons

High-energy accelerators can produce strong time-structured radiation fields. Such dose shots are generated at linear machines with low duty cycles as well as at circular machines when complete fills are instantaneously lost. The main dose component behind thick shielding is due to high-energy neutrons occurring at that time structure. Dosemeters based on Geiger-Mueller tubes or proportional counters fail here completely. The 12B counter, a novel dosemeter made of a plastic scintillator using carbon activation for event-like exposure, has been introduced. High-energy neutrons activate the carbon nuclei by three inelastic reactions. The decay patterns with half-lives between 20 ms and 20 min can be exploited depending on the time structure of the radiation field. The response of the 12B counter was measured along with some other dosemeters, both active and passive, in the radiation field behind the lateral concrete shielding of a 7.5 GeV proton transfer line.     

Application of low-cost Gallium Arsenide light-emitting-diodes as kerma dosemeter and fluence monitor for high-energy neutrons

Displacement damage (DD) caused by fast neutrons in unbiased Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) light emitting diodes (LED) resulted in a reduction of the light output. On the other hand, a similar type of LED irradiated with gamma rays from a (60)Co source up to a dose level in excess of 1.0 kGy (1.0 x 10(5) rad) was found to show no significant drop of the light emission. This phenomenon was used to develop a low cost passive fluence monitor and kinetic energy released per unit mass dosemeter for accelerator-produced neutrons. These LED-dosemeters were used to assess the integrated fluence of photoneutrons, which were contaminated with a strong bremsstrahlung gamma-background generated by the 730 MeV superconducting electron linac driving the free electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron. The applications of GaAs LED as a routine neutron fluence monitor and DD precursor for the electronic components located in high-energy accelerator environment are highlighted.     

新ISO/IEC标准 防止盗用和擅自更改电子数据

数以百万计的用户经常通过网络交换数据或将信息储存于可能被非法侵入的电脑中。对于他们来说,安全性可能是最受关注的问题之一。为了保护传输或储存的数据的机密性和完整性,国际标准化组织（ISO）和国际电工委员会（IEC）联合制定了一项新的标准,该标准中的鉴别加密机制能够为数据提供最佳的安全水平。     

ISO/IEC关于远程教育的标准 帮助用户找到合适资源

一项关于远程教育的ISO/IEC国际标准将使个人用户更容易根据自己的需求及选择,找到适当的教育资源。《ISO/IEC24751：2008,信息技术——远程教育、教育和培训中个性化的灵活性和可访问性》包括3个部分。第一部分：框架和参考模型;第二部分：做到“满足所有访问”的数字化传输的个人需求和选择;第三部分做到“满足所有访问”的数据源描述。它提供了一个框架和参考模型,另有“满足所有访问”的个人需求和选择参数,以及一个数据源描述。ISO/IEC24751的目的在于满足处于“残疾”状态的学习者的需求。当学习者的需求（或选择）与被提供的教育或者学习经历搭配不当时,他就会处于这种“残疾”状态。     

The right choice: extremity dosemeter for different radiation fields

Measurements of weakly penetrating radiation in personal dosimetry present problems in the design of suitable detectors and in the interpretation of their readings. For the measurement of the individual beta radiation dose, personal dosemeters for the fingers/tips are required. LiF:Mg,Cu,P is a promising thermoluminescent (TL) material which allows the production of thin detectors with sufficient sensitivity. Dosimetric properties of two different types of extremity dosemeters, designed to measure the personal dose equivalent Hp(0.07), have been compared: LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD100) and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD700H). A type test for energy response for photon and beta radiation according to ISO 4037-3 and ISO-6980 was carried out and the results for both dosemeters were compared. Simultaneous measurements with both types of dosemeters were performed at workplaces, where radiopharmaceuticals containing different radioisotopes are prepared and applied. Practices in these fields are characterized by handling of high activities at very small distances between source and skin. The results from the comparison of the two-dosemeter types are presented and analysed with respect to different radiation fields. Experiments showed a satisfactory sensitivity for the thinner dosemeter (TLD 700H) for detecting beta radiation at protection levels and a good energy response.     

ETSI releases first globally applicable standard for consumer IoT security

正The ETSI Technical Committee on Cybersecurity(TC CYBER)has just released ETSI TS 103 645,a standard for cybersecurity in the Internet of Things,to establish a security baseline for internet-connected consumer products and provide a basis for future IoT certification schemes.TS 103 645 requires implementers to forgo the use of universal default passwords,which have been the source of many security issues.It also requires implementation of a vulnerability disclosure policy to allow security researchers     

Dose measurements for gamma knife with radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeter and radiochromic film

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is designed for patients with small lesion areas that are not suitable for actual surgery. SRS delivers high dose to the lesion with high gradient on the irradiation margin area. In this study, radiophotoluminescent glass dosemeter (RPLGD) and radiochromic film were used to measure the output factor of a gamma knife. Also, a Monte Carlo code (OMEGA/BEAM) was applied to simulate the output factor. For 14 and 8 mm sizes of helmet collimators, the variations of output factors determined with RPLGD, radiochromic film, the Monte Carlo code and Elekta were all within 0.5 %. When helmet collimator size was 4 mm, the output factors detected from RPLGD, radiochromic film and Monte Carlo simulation were all within 3.2 % when compared with Elekta. Taken together, RPLGD, radiochromic film and Monte Carlo simulation will be used as precise tools to measure the output factor of a gamma knife.     

国际标准化事业的中国耕耘者——中国首位“IEC 1906奖”获奖者姜周华教授

2005年底,东北大学材料与冶金学院钢铁冶金研究所教授、博士生导师、特殊钢先进冶金工艺和装备教育部工程研究中心主任、工业电热设备专家姜周华教授荣获IEC1906贡献奖,成为中国首次获得IEC大奖的专家。     

Role of consumers highlighted in first local standard for kid smartwatches

正In recent years,smartwatches for kids have gradually become rigid demands,but problems such as the lack of product safety standards also arouse many worries.To regulate the technical requirement for kids smartwatches,Shenzhen’s Municipal Consumer Council together with Shenzhen Institute of Metrology and Testing and other research institutes as well as manufacturers such as Huawei,Xiaomi and XTC developed the first standard     

多功能设备谐波电流测试方法及其在IEC 61000-3-2标准中的应用

研究在IEC 61000-3-2:2014标准中增加技术条款,以适应新近出现的多功能设备的谐波电流发射测试。分析多功能设备的定义和分类问题,给出其相应的定义及分类建议。根据现版IEC标准的技术要求,对多功能设备的谐波电流检测技术要求进行分析。对3种多功能设备样品的测试数据和结果进行分析,讨论现行标准对多功能设备的谐波电流测试可能存在的问题,提出针对这些问题的修改建议。按照IEC 61000-3-2标准技术条款的格式等要求,形成该标准的修正文件内容,为今后的标准修订提供参考。     

A wavelet-based method of measuring fluctuating harmonics for determining the filter time constant of IEC standard harmonic analyzers

Harmonic analyzers are used to test the fluctuating harmonic emissions of electrical appliances to international regulations. This paper describes a wavelet-based method of measuring level-changing harmonics (bursts) for use in the calibration of these analyzers. The method is shown to be reliable for measuring various mixtures of harmonics. The importance of calibrating harmonic analyzers under conditions of fluctuating harmonics is discussed.     

PONTO—An instrument for imaging with polarized neutrons

An imaging instrument dedicated to radiography and tomography with polarized cold neutrons was installed and successfully tested at the BER II reactor at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. The spatial resolution for un-polarized neutrons was less than 85 μm for a point-to-detector distance of 5 mm, in the case of polarized neutrons it was less than 300 μm. With these resolutions, details of magnetic fields in different lead samples below the critical temperature being in the Meissner phase and magnetic flux pinning could be imaged.     

Managing the impact of climate change:first international standard for adaptation published

正Extreme weather,rising temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions are all aspects of our changing climate that can impact businesses.Having robust plans in place to adapt to climate change is key to business success.ISO 14090,Adaptation to dimate change--Principles,requirements and guidelines,is the first ISO standard in this area and aims to help organizations assess climate change impacts and put plans in place for effective adaptation.It     

LSI中的CMOS运算放大器的设计

利用CSMC0.6μmCMOS工艺实现了一个用于LSI中的CMOS运算放大器,整个设计利用SPICE软件进行系统模拟,利用九天(Zeni)工具进行了版图设计和验证,最后已通过东南大学MPW(multi-project-wafer)进行了流片.此放大器增益为72.9dB,单位增益带宽为10.2MHz,±1.65V电源供电,功耗小于0.5mW,整个芯片面积为0.5mm×0.5mm.     

用于管理体系认证的ISO/IEC 17021标准

国际标准ISO/IEC 17021:2006《合格评定-管理体系审核和认证机构的要求》于2006年9月发布后,取代了ISO/IEC指南62:1996《质量管理体系认证机构通用要求》和ISO/IEC指南66:1999《环境管理体系认证机构通用要求》,并在全球范围内得到各类管理体系认证机构的普遍采用。ISO/CASCO又于2006年底开始制定ISO/IEC 17021第2部分《合格评定-管理体系第三方认证审核的要求》,目前处于国际标准草案(DIS)阶段。下面简要介绍2006     

The applicability of radiophotoluminescence dosemeter (RPLD) for measuring medical radiation (MR) doses

The applicability of radiophotoluminescence dosimetry was determined by assessing various radiophotoluminescence dosemeter (RPLD) properties for measuring medical radiation doses from radiation sources of a continuous spectrum. The RPLD was found to be accurate for measuring doses in diagnostics (50-125 keV) and radiation therapy (6, 10 and 18 MV photons, 6 and 15 MeV electrons). The RPLD shows excellent dose linearity (R(2) > 0.99), reproducibility and batch uniformity, and minimal fading and accurate accumulated dose measurement. The dosemeter material is independent of photon energy in the diagnostic range; however, the dosemeter requires additional calibration in the mammography energy range and also for accurate dose measurement with photon or electron energies in radiation therapy. RPLD measurements with a tin filter show considerable angular dependence at angles exceeding 50° between the photon beam and the normal to the long axis of the dosemeter. The RPLD measurement accuracy at high doses can be improved with optimised pre-heating schemes.     

Time of flight spectrometer with optical polarizer for cold pulsed neutrons

We describe a new TOF spectrometer (named TOP) installed at the pulsed spallation neutron source at KENS. Pulsed neutrons moderated by solid methane (cooled to 20 K) and transmitted by a guide tube were polarized by a Soller array of curved mirrors. The performance and the detailed instrumentation are summarized.