米曲霉固体发酵生产果胶酶的研究

以鼓皮和桔皮粉为主要原料，采用米曲霉（As－pergillusoryzae）诱变菌株C－491进行固体发酵培养，培养物最高果胶酶活力可达到1694．8u／g鲜曲。产酶最适培养基为：麸皮100g，桔皮粉50g，硫酸铵1.5g，料水比1：0．9。最佳培养条件为35C培养60h。成曲的最佳浸提条件为：以蒸馏水为浸提剂，蒸馏水与鲜曲用量之比为10：1（v／w），在4C下振荡浸提2h。     

粗糙脉孢菌(Neurospora crassa)产纤维素酶发酵条件研究

本文对粗糙脉胞菌Neurospora crassa 1602摇瓶发酵产纤维素酶的条件进行了研究。结果表明：培养液初始pH5．5，培养温度28℃，摇瓶转速150r／min，培养96h，诱导产酶碳源为3％玉米芯粉 0．5％麸皮酸水解液(0．6mol/L)，有机氮源为黄豆粉或无机氮源为NH4HSO4时为最佳产酶条件。其纤维素酶活力CMCase为10．34IU／ml，FPase为0．71IU／ml。     

黑曲霉M1菌株木聚糖酶复合酶的固态发酵条件及其酶学性质研究

以玉米芯和麸皮(7：3)为碳源，(NH4)2SO4(2％)为氮源，30℃培养72h，发酵曲用蒸馏水30℃浸提1h，得到β-1，4-木聚糖酶活力高，β-木糖苷酶活力低的粗酶液。β-1，4-木聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶的最适作用温度分别为50℃和60℃，最造作用pH分别为4．8和4．0，β-1，4-木聚糖酶在pH5．0-10．6范围内稳定，β-木糖苷酶在pH3．0-3．0范围内稳定。β-木糖苷酶的热稳定性比β-1，4-木聚糖酶高。     

米曲霉腺苷酸脱氨酶的产酶条件

通过实验获得了米曲霉 3.80 0固态发酵产腺苷酸 (AMP)脱氨酶的适宜培养基 ,麸皮为主原料 ,成分质量分数为蔗糖 2 % ,鱼粉 2 % ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 0 .1% ,吐温 80 0 .1% ,含水量 5 0 % .最佳的培养条件为 :2 5 0mL的三角瓶装 2 0 g培养基 ,在 2 8～ 30℃培养 6 0h .发酵结束称取一定量的麸曲加 10倍质量的蒸馏水 ,调节 pH 6 .0 ,在 35℃条件振荡水浴 2h .酶的浸提液经盐析、透析、DEAE柱层析分离后 ,可收集到较单一的活性峰酶 .     

宇佐美曲霉木聚糖酶粗酶性质研究

本文对宇佐关曲霉(Asp．usamii)产木聚糖酶的产酶进程进行了分析，28℃固态静置培养72h，酶活力可达到7442IU／g干曲。粗酶酶学性质研究表明：该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度50℃，低于50℃时较稳定；酶的最适pH4．6，pH稳定范围为pH5．0-10．0。Ca^2 对酶有激活作用，而Mn^2 、Mg^2 、Ba^2 则具有强烈的抑制作用。     

苦瓜饮料工艺条件的研究

以苦瓜与蔗糖作为原料，研制出一种口味独特、具有一定保健效果的饮料。苦瓜汁最佳浸提条件为：水和苦瓜汁比例为2：1，浸提温度为50℃，浸提时间为1．5h；Ve添加量为0．01％，料液pH值为4．4，灭菌温度为108℃，结合精滤膜技术，解决了产品的沉淀问题。     

青霉P-1007产酸性蛋白酶的条件和酶学性质

对青霉（Penicillium）P-1007产酸性蛋白酶固体发酵条件优化和酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：最佳固体发酵培养基为：麦麸15g，黄豆粉10g，葡萄糖3g，NaH2PO41．5g，CuSO41．5g，水35mL；最佳培养条件为起始pH7．0，温度40℃所产酸性蛋白酶的最佳反应pH5．5，温度50℃，50％保温Rh后其相对酶活在83％以上，pH5．5、60℃水浴2h后其相对酶活达60％。5mmol／L的MnCh、CuSO4均对该酶有激活作用，而其它金属盐类对该酶有不同程度的抑制作用。     

青霉P-1007酸性蛋白酶酶学性质及其固体发酵条件的初步研究

青霉P-1007产胞外酸性蛋白酶，其酶活可达1500u／g。该酶的最适温度为50℃，最适pH值为5．5；酶的pH稳定性和耐温性较好，在pH5．5，：50℃条件下保温8h，其相对酶活仍在83％以上；在pH值为5．5，60℃条件下水浴2h后，相对酶活为60％。不同金属盐对该酶酶活及不同氮源、碳源、温度、pH、含水量以及发酵时间对菌株产酶的影响试验结果表明：MnCl2，CuSO4均对该酶有激活作用，其他金属盐类对该酶有不同程度的抑制作用；添加黄豆粉（1％）和葡萄糖（1％）可使菌株产酶酶活分别提高71％和31％；培养温度为40℃以及培养基起始pH为7．0时产酶最高；含水量和发酵时间对产酶也有不同程度的影响。     

酶解法生产红枣汁的工艺研究

以红枣为原料，采用果胶酶进行酶解处理，并对预煮工艺和酶解浸提工艺进行了探讨。通过试验确定最佳预煮条件为：预煮温度100℃，预煮时间20min，料水比1：6；酶解浸提的最佳工艺条件为：加酶量0．25％，酶解时间1．5h，酶解温度50℃，pH值3．5。实验表明，在该工艺下提取率可达54．17％，所得枣汁色泽自然、枣香浓郁、酸甜爽口。     

氨肽酶高产菌M80-10-7固态发酵工艺的研究

以米曲霉为出发菌株诱变获得的氨肽酶高产菌M80-10-7，经固态发酵条件初步试验，其培养基最佳配方为：麸皮100g，蔗糖1．5％，玉米浆1．5％，硫酸铵0．5％（以麸皮计），加水比为1：1.4。曲盘发酵结果表明：在起始pH6．8，35℃发酵78h，最高产酶活力达5241．9μ／mL。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the