Schema genetic algorithm for fractal image compression

In this paper, fractal image compression using schema genetic algorithm (SGA) is proposed. Utilizing the self-similarity property of a natural image, the partitioned iterated function system (PIFS) will be found to encode an image through genetic algorithm (GA) method. In SGA, the genetic operators are adapted according to the schema theorem in the evolutionary process performed on the range blocks. Such a method can speed up the encoder and also preserve the image quality. Simulations show that the encoding time of our method is over 100 times faster than that of the full search method, while the retrieved image quality is still acceptable. The proposed method is also compared to another GA method proposed by Vences and Rudomin. Simulations also show that our method is superior to their method in both the speedup ratio and retrieved quality. Finally, a comparison of the proposed SGA to the traditional GA is presented to demonstrate that when the schema theorem is embedded, the performance of GA has significant improvement.     

Exploring ICMetrics to detect abnormal program behaviour on embedded devices

Execution of unknown or malicious software on an embedded system may trigger harmful system behaviour targeted at stealing sensitive data and/or causing damage to the system. It is thus considered a potential and significant threat to the security of embedded systems. Generally, the resource constrained nature of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) embedded devices, such as embedded medical equipment, does not allow computationally expensive protection solutions to be deployed on these devices, rendering them vulnerable. A Self-Organising Map (SOM) based and Fuzzy C-means based approaches are proposed in this paper for detecting abnormal program behaviour to boost embedded system security. The presented technique extracts features derived from processor’s Program Counter (PC) and Cycles per Instruction (CPI), and then utilises the features to identify abnormal behaviour using the SOM. Results achieved in our experiment show that the proposed SOM based and Fuzzy C-means based methods can identify unknown program behaviours not included in the training set with 90.9% and 98.7% accuracy.     

An efficient and robust watermarking approach based on single value decompression,multi-level DWT,and wavelet fusion with scrambled medical images

This paper offers a medical image watermarking approach based on Wavelet Fusion (WF), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Multi-Level Discrete Wavelet Transform (M-DWT) with scrambling techniques for securing the watermarks images. The proposed approach can be used for providing multi-level security in various applications such as military, copyright protection, and telemedicine systems. The key idea of the projected approach is to first combine two digital watermark images into a single fused watermark to increase the embedded information payload. Then, the fused watermark is scrambled using Arnold and Chaotic algorithms. Finally, the scrambled fused watermark is embedded in the cover image using the SVD and three-level DWT algorithms. The selection of the Arnold and chaotic for watermark encryption is attributed to confirm robustness which resists several types of multimedia attacks and upturn the security level. This paper also presents a comparative study of the proposed approach for different digital images to determine its robustness and stability. Several simulation results reveal that the proposed system improves the capacity and security of embedded medical watermarks without affecting the cover image quality. In conclusion, the proposed approach achieved not only precise acceptable perceptual quality with admired Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values but similarly high Correlation Coefficient (Cr) and SSIM values in the existence of severe attacks.

     

Instruction cache locking for multi-task real-time embedded systems

In a multi-task embedded system, a cache is shared by different tasks, which increases the complexity of cache management and the unpredictability of cache behavior. This unpredictability in turn brings an overestimation of application??s worst-case execution time (WCET) and worst-case CPU utilization (WCU) which are two of the most important criteria for real-time embedded systems. Modern processors often provide cache locking capability, which can be applied statically and dynamically to manage cache in a predictable manner. The selection of instructions to be locked in the instruction cache (I-Cache) has dramatic influence on the system performance. This paper focuses on applying cache locking techniques to the shared I-Cache to minimize WCU for multi-task embedded systems. We analyze and compare three different strategies to perform I-Cache locking: static locking, semi-dynamic locking, and dynamic locking. Different algorithms are proposed utilizing the foreknown information of embedded applications. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can reduce WCU compared to previous techniques.     

基于UML的软硬件协同设计的模型分析方法

详细分析了Chonlameth Arpnikanondt提出的基于UML约束的嵌入式系统的软、硬件协同设计方法(CBC/UML),并指出了它运用于复杂的嵌入式系统设计时的不足.针对这些不足,扩展了约束的概念,提出了一套相应的改善方法.并利用中国科学院软件研究所研制智能电话机的例子具体阐述了该解决方法.     

求解串并联系统配置问题的免疫遗传算法

通过对串并联系统配置可靠性问题的分析,提出了基于免疫遗传算法（IGA）求解该问题的方法。在保留基本遗传算法随机全局搜索能力的基础上,借鉴生物免疫机制中抗体的多样性保持策略,大大提高了算法的群体多样性。实验结果表明,免疫遗传算法可有效改善基本遗传算法的未成熟收敛和局部搜索能力差的缺点,具有很好的全局收敛能力,其全局收敛性及收敛速度均得到了提高。     

基于VxWorks的高性能嵌入式控制平台设计

基于实时操作系统VxWorks设计了高性能嵌入式控制平台,以高性能微处理器MPC8260为核心,设计了专门用于高速图像并行处理的DSP阵列和FPGA硬件处理器,采用了通用的CPCI总线机制,既有卓越的数据处理能力,又有较快的实时反应速度,灵活性高,扩展性好,可广泛应用于雷达跟踪、太空导航、智能机器人等各种领域。     

SEProf: A high-level software energy profiling tool for an embedded processor enabling power management functions

Energy efficiency has become one of the most important design issues for embedded systems. To examine the power consumption of an embedded system, an energy profiling tool is highly demanded. Although a number of energy profiling tools have been proposed, they are not directly applicable to the embedded processors with power management functions that are widely utilized in battery-operated embedded systems to reduce power consumption. Hence, this study presents a high-level energy profiling tool, called SEProf, that estimates the energy consumption of an embedded system running multithread software and a multitasking operating system (OS) that supports power management functions. This study implements the proposed SEProf in Linux 2.6.19 and evaluates its performance on an ARM11 MPCore processor. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tool can provide accurate energy profiling results with a low profiling overhead.     

Application of Embedded Network Distributed Network in Student Physical Health Management Platform

The embedded network platform for wearable telemedicine is primarily designed for the objective, accurate and non-invasive physical activity assessments. The site proposed here offers a trade-off between measurement potential and accuracy. The proposed site is easy to use for both athletes and researchers/physicians. The next stage in the evolution of predictive methods is decentralized prediction. This white paper outlines these structures, raspberry system setup tricks, and various possible projects. By using smart sensor gadgets with embedded telecommunication functions, molecular channel systems commonly used by administrators can be effectively activated to maintain battery health. Clinical and well-being administration admin, additionally called medical services heads or medical care presiding officers, plan, direct, and organize clinical and well-being administrations. The particular clinical territory or division, or clinical practice to gather through doctors' embedded devices. The Health Care Systems Manager coordinates medical care associations that convey clinical consideration through direct patient consideration in regions of specialization, including understudy clinical focus administrations, clinical crisis administrations, nursing, well-being and health focus the board, psychological wellness effort. Arranged implanted frameworks are pulling in increasingly more consideration, and their utilization in the current organization situation is of questionable significance. The exploration network and industry for network availability, information preparing and administration conveyance frequently propose novel installed arrangements dependent on network processors.     

有向感知可充电传感器节点的动态激活策略

在采集环境能量供电的有向感知传感器网络中,节点的激活、休眠调度及感知方向选择关系到对目标点的覆盖和监测成功率.基于节点采集能量速度慢于耗能速度及采集能量速度快于耗能速度两种情况,设计了逐次贪婪节点激活算法SGA和逐次贪婪节点休眠算法SGI.SGA算法逐次将能够给系统带来最大覆盖率增益的感知节点分配给其对应的时隙及感知方向;在为所有感知节点在所有时隙选择最佳感知方向激活的基础上,SGI算法逐次选择令系统覆盖率损失最小的感知节点,令其在相应的时隙休眠.理论证明,SGA算法及SGI算法至少能获得最优激活调度算法50%的系统平均覆盖率性能,且将最大化系统覆盖率的NP难问题转化为简单的多项式时间方法.最后,仿真验证了SGA算法和SGI算法的性能.     

低复杂度序列高斯逼近MIMO检测算法

提出一种多入多出（MIMO）系统空间复用模式下的低复杂度序列高斯逼近（LC-SGA）算法。该算法把序列高斯逼近（SGA）算法在复数域进行路径搜索的问题近似为实数域的搜索问题,从而降低了计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,LC-SGA算法在相同搜索路径数的情况下,其误比特率（BER）性能与传统的SGA算法相当,且当搜索路径数较大时接近最大似然检测的性能。     

A real-time near infrared image acquisition system based on image quality assessment

This paper presents a real-time image acquisition system with an improved image quality assessment module to acquire high-quality near infrared (NIR) images. Thermal imaging plays a vital role in a wide range of medical and military applications. The demand for high-throughput image acquisition and image processing has continuously increased especially for critical medical and military purposes where executions under real-time constraints are required. This work implements an NIR image quality assessment module, which utilizes improved two-dimensional entropy and mask-based edge detection algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed image quality assessment algorithms is demonstrated through the implementation of a complete finger-vein biometric system. The proposed model is implemented as an embedded system on a field programmable gate array prototyping platform. By including the image quality assessment module, the proposed system is able to achieve a recognition accuracy of 0.87 % equal error rate, and can handle real-time processing at 15 frames/s (live video rate). This is achieved through hardware acceleration of the proposed image quality assessment algorithms via a novel streaming architecture.     

The internet-based knowledge acquisition and management method to construct large-scale distributed medical expert systems

The Internet offers an unprecedented opportunity to construct powerful large-scale medical expert systems (MES). In these systems, a cost-effective medical knowledge acquisition (KA) and management scheme is highly desirable to handle the large quantities of, often conflicting, medical information collected from medical experts in different medical fields and from different geographical regions. In this paper, we demonstrate that a medical KA/management system can be built upon a three-tier distributed client/server architecture. The knowledge in the system is stored/managed in three knowledge bases. The maturity of the medical know-how controls the knowledge flow through these knowledge bases. In addition, to facilitate the knowledge representation and application in these knowledge bases as well as information retrieval across the Internet, an 8-digit numeric coding scheme with a weight value system is proposed. At present, a medical KA and management system based on the proposed method is being tested in clinics. Current results have showed that the method is a viable solution to construct, modify, and expand a distributed MES through the Internet.     

软硬件综合AADL可靠性建模及分析方法

目前嵌入式系统广泛应用于航空电子、远程医疗、汽车电子等具有高可靠性要求的系统中。随着嵌入式系统的复杂度越来越高,为了保障系统的高可靠性需求,需要在系统开发的早期设计阶段对系统的可靠性进行分析评估,以提高系统的开发效率。嵌入式系统中软件、硬件功能的失效都会对系统可靠性产生影响,而AADL的可靠性模型缺乏对硬件构件错误的影响及传播机制进行刻画分析的能力。本文综合考虑软、硬件错误发生失效后对系统可靠性的影响,提出了一种面向系统架构级别的软硬件综合可靠性分析方法。该方法基于电子电路设计中事务级建模方法,扩展了AADL事务级错误模型的语法和语义,来支持AADL对硬件构件错误传播的硬件功能行为建模,在此基础上,利用AADL模型实例化机制实现对嵌入式系统可靠性建模,刻画了错误行为在硬件构件之间、软硬件构件之间的传播与影响。同时,定义了AADL硬件构件事务级错误模型到广义随机Petri网模型的映射规则,实现了系统软、硬件综合的可靠性行为仿真计算模型组合,支持嵌入式系统的软硬件综合可靠性分析。论文开发了软硬件综合可靠性建模与分析工具原型,并以某型飞机空气增压系统为例,在航空电子系统架构设计中进行尝试,验证了该方法在复杂嵌入式系统设计中进行软硬件综合可靠性分析的可行性与优越性。     

嵌入式TCP/IP协议数据传输监控系统的设计

在分析当前嵌入式系统接入Internet的方案后,采用了8位嵌入式微处理器和以太网控制芯片相结合这一低成本解决方案。探讨了TCP/IP协议的裁剪策略,实现了以51单片机为核心的嵌入式系统与Internet的互联。通过实验验证了可行性。     

Web-based remote human pulse monitoring system with intelligent data analysis for home health care

Many countries have already become aging societies, as evidenced by annually decreasing fertility rates. Elderly individuals often live independently because their families cannot look after them. Therefore, computer-assisted nursing has received increasing attention in modern society, explaining why intelligent systems with physiology signal monitoring for e-health care is an emerging area of development, owing to the urgent needs of homecare for elderly people suffering chronic or sudden diseases at home. Importantly, a physiology signal monitoring system can help medical staff to monitor and analyze physiology signal effectively, such that they can not only monitor the patients’ physiology states immediately, but also reduce medical cost and avoid having to visit doctors in hospital. Therefore, this study adopts system on chip (SOC) techniques to develop an embedded human pulse monitoring system with intelligent data analysis mechanism for disease detection and long-term health care. The proposed system can be applied to monitor and analyze pulse signal in daily life. The proposed system also has a friendly web-based interface for medical staff to observe immediate pulse signals for remote treatment. Hence, the proposed system provides aids long-distance medical treatment, exploring trends of potential chronic diseases, and urgent situations informing for sudden diseases. Moreover, this study also presents an intelligent data analysis scheme based on the modified cosine similarity measure to diagnose abnormal pulses for exploring potential chronic diseases.     

Parallel Optimal Control for Weakly Coupled Nonlinear Systems Using Successive Galerkin Approximation

This technical note presents a new algorithm for the closed-loop parallel optimal control of weakly coupled nonlinear systems with respect to performance criteria using the successive Galerkin approximation (SGA). By using the weak coupling theory, the optimal control law can be obtained from two reduced-order optimal control problems in parallel, but the resulting problem is difficult to solve for nonlinear systems. In order to overcome the difficulties inherent in the nonlinear optimal control problem, the parallel optimal control laws are constructed in terms of the approximated solutions to two independent Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations using the SGA method. One of the purposes of this note is to design the closed-loop parallel optimal control law for the weakly coupled nonlinear systems using the SGA method. The second is to reduce the computational complexity when the SGA method is applied to the high-order weakly coupled systems.      

改进遗传算法的医学图像配准

采用遗传算法的医学图像配准时,遗传算法存在收敛速度慢,易早熟的问题,有可能导致误配.提出改进遗传算法(IGA),该方法将外推搜索和黄金分割搜索与标准遗传算法(SGA)相结合,既提高了遗传算法的收敛速度,又有效地防止了早熟.实验结果表明,改进算法具有更好的有效性和精确性.     

一种嵌入式系统液晶显示菜单结构的实现方法

液晶显示模块作为显示终端和人机接口普遍运用于嵌入式系统中,针对嵌入式系统对人机对话接口简单、便捷的要求,提出了1种在C语言环境下,液晶显示（LCD）多级菜单结构的实现方法。此方法运用一维线性数组的数据结构,使设计出的菜单结构清晰易懂,对存储资源的利用效率高,且扩展性好。并用C51语言验证了这种方法的可行性。此方法适合在嵌入式应用系统开发中使用。