Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in plasma and tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats after the short- and long-term intake of hydrolysed egg white

This paper evaluates the effects of the short- (1 g/kg) and long-term (0.5 and 1 g/kg/day) oral intake of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin (hEW) and the long-term oral intake (1 g/kg/day) of egg white (EW) on local angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities in plasma and other tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as compared to the effect of the ACE inhibitor prototype captopril. The rats treated with hEW were classed in a different group than the control rats and the rats treated with EW by cluster analysis, taking into account their tissue ACE activities and their systolic blood pressure (SBP). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that SBP in SHR was negatively related with ACE activity in plasma and positively related with ACE activity in aorta and kidney. ACE activity in plasma significantly increased after the long-term treatment with hEW (0.5 g/kg/day). ACE activity in aorta and kidney was significantly inhibited 4 h after the short-term administration of hEW. The long-term treatment with hEW caused local effects on ACE activity in aorta, kidney and lungs that followed a pattern similar, but less pronounced, than that caused by captopril.     

英国红芸豆抗氧化肽对氧化应激斑马鱼的保护作用研究

为探究英国红芸豆抗氧化肽组分(BRKBPAPC)的体内抗氧化作用,利用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐诱导建立氧化应激斑马鱼模型,研究BRKBPAPC对氧化应激斑马鱼的影响。结果表明：BRKBPAPC能显著提高(P<0.05)斑马鱼体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),显著降低(P<0.05)丙二醛(MDA)含量;同时BRKBPAPC还具有调节斑马鱼脂代谢的能力,随着处理浓度的增加斑马鱼脂代谢指标逐渐恢复正常水平;高剂量BRKBPAPC可使斑马鱼行为轨迹增多,高速运动次数、时间、距离显著上升。高剂量抗氧化肽处理21 d时,CAT、SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px分别增至(28.29±3.29)、(126.59±6.39)、(2.07±0.18)、(84.75±7.77)U/mg prot, MDA含量降至(3.35±0.29)nmol/mg prot。由此可见,BRKBPAPC具有较好的体内抗氧化作用及脂代谢调节能力。     

红平菇胞外多糖体外抗氧化及对高血脂小鼠体内抗氧化能力探究

目的:探究红平菇胞外多糖（Extracellular polysaccharides,EPS）体外抗氧化能力及抵抗高血脂小鼠体内肝脏组织氧化损伤的功效。方法:通过EPS对O₂-·、DPPH自由基和·OH的清除力,测定其体外抗氧化能力;构建高血脂小鼠模型,分为空白对照组（NC）、高血脂模型组（MC）、阳性对照组（PC）、EPS高、低剂量组;NC组随机分配10只正常小鼠,剩余组每组随机分配高血脂模型小鼠10只,干预14 d后,测定EPS对高血脂小鼠肝脏组织内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化脂质（LPO）活性的影响,衡量其体内抗氧化能力。同时,观察小鼠的肝脏部位病理学切片,探究EPS对受到氧化应激损伤的肝脏细胞的修复能力。结果:EPS对O₂-·、DPPH自由基和·OH的饱和清除率分别达到55.05%、64.09%和28.91%。EPS可以显著提高（P<0.05）高血脂小鼠肝脏组织抗氧化酶系含量,显著降低（P<0.05）脂质过氧化物活性,同时对肝脏氧化应激损伤具有较好的修复作用。结论:EPS具有较强的体外抗氧化作用,并对高血脂小鼠肝脏组织表现出较好的抗氧化能力及氧化损伤修复能力。     

Protective effect of dietary ginger on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in experimental diabetic rat tissues

The role of oxidative stress has been reported in various diabetic complications. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ginger, a medicinal plant, on the tissue antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An increased reactive oxygen species and insufficient antioxidant activity are associated with diabetes mellitus, which is mainly responsible for diabetic pathogenesis. The role of ginger as antioxidant markers of liver and kidney were investigated. The antioxidant effect of the ginger was compared with glibenclamide, a well-known hypoglycaemic drug. The diabetic rats exhibited lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic and renal tissues as compared with normal rats. The activities of all parameters were found to be increased, except MDA in ginger-treated diabetic rats, in hepatic and renal tissues. Ginger supplementation, for 30 days to diabetic rats, resulted in significant dose-dependent hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities. These findings suggest that ginger treatment exerts a therapeutic protective effect in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress, and hepatic and renal damage.     

辣木籽抗氧化肽的制备及其对氧化损伤红细胞的保护作用

采用酶法制备辣木籽水解物,以抗氧化活性为跟踪指标,通过乙醇分级沉淀和大孔树脂柱层析法定向制备辣木籽抗氧化肽,构建模拟胃、肠道消化模型,评价辣木籽抗氧化肽胃、肠道消化物的氧自由基吸收能力（oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC）,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-高分辨飞行时间串联质谱技术解析消化物中多肽组成与结构,建立2,2’-偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐（2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride,AAPH）诱导大鼠红细胞氧化损伤模型,研究经胃、肠道消化后的辣木籽抗氧化肽对氧化损伤红细胞溶血的抑制作用。结果表明：采用20%（体积分数,下同）、40%乙醇分级沉淀辣木籽水解物去除杂质,取60%乙醇分级沉淀组分进行柱层析分离纯化,经水、20%乙醇、40%乙醇洗脱除杂,采用60%乙醇洗脱,定向制备得到富含抗氧化氨基酸、疏水性氨基酸的辣木籽抗氧化肽（蛋白质量分数92.84%,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、ORAC分别为39.95、1454.57 μmol/g）;辣木籽抗氧化肽经模拟胃、肠道消化后,抗氧化活性增强,释放出更多短肽段,包括11条二肽、5 条三肽;辣木籽抗氧化肽消化物、Gln-Met、Leu-Phe通过清除胞内活性氧,下调丙二醛含量与超氧化物歧化酶活力,拮抗AAPH所致氧化应激,有效抑制氧化损伤红细胞发生溶血。     

楮果总黄酮体外抗氧化及对CCl4致脑损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的:探讨楮果总黄酮体外抗氧化活性及对四氯化碳（carbon tetrachloride,CCl₄）致脑氧化损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法:通过体外模拟建立过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide,H₂O₂）诱导红细胞溶血、肝、脑匀浆脂质过氧化、Fe2+-Vc诱导肝线粒体肿胀的生物膜实验体系和体外总抗氧化能力实验,研究楮果总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。同时,建立CCl₄诱导小鼠脑组织氧化损伤模型,将60只昆明小鼠分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组（水飞蓟素,0.2 g/kg）和楮果总黄酮各剂量（0.15、0.3、0.6 g/kg）组,灌胃给药,隔天腹腔注射CCl₄花生油溶液（体积比1:1）2 mL/kg造模,持续14 d。通过测定氧化应激参数丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX）和过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）水平并观察小鼠脑组织海马区病理学切片,评价观察楮果总黄酮在体内的抗氧化能力。结果:体外实验中,楮果总黄酮对小鼠红细胞溶血、肝、脑组织匀浆脂质过氧化和肝线粒体肿胀的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强,其总抗氧化能力也随浓度的增大而增强。在CCl₄脑损伤模型中,楮果总黄酮可显著提高（P<0.05）小鼠脑组织SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性和GSH水平,显著降低（P<0.05）MDA水平,且呈剂量依赖性,同时对小鼠海马神经元的病理学变化有改善作用。结论:楮果总黄酮具有较强体外抗氧化活性,并对CCl₄致小鼠脑组织氧化损伤表现出较好的保护作用,具有良好的体内抗氧化能力。     

苦荞对高脂膳食诱导小鼠血脂代谢及组织氧化还原的影响

随着人民生活水平的提高,膳食结构发生了巨大的变化,膳食中油脂的比例不断增多,可诱发血脂代谢紊 乱与氧化应激,影响肠道菌群平衡,危害人体健康。本研究通过建立高脂膳食诱发血脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型,探究苦 荞主要营养成分（蛋白质、淀粉、黄酮类化合物）对高脂膳食诱导的脂代谢紊乱小鼠的血脂、肝脂和氧化还原能力 的影响及其相互关系。实验结果表明：与高脂组相比,苦荞主要营养成分（蛋白质、淀粉、黄酮类化合物）能够降 低小鼠空腹血糖水平,提高胰岛素敏感指数;使脂代谢紊乱小鼠的血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 浓度以及动脉硬化指数显著下降（P＜0.05）,同时能够提高血浆总抗氧化能力以及过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶 活力,降低肝脏中脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛含量。总之,苦荞主要营养成分具有调节血脂、减轻肝肿大、提高抗 氧化能力的生物活性,可以预防脂代谢紊乱,从而一定程度上抑制血脂的紊乱及组织的氧化应激。     

Piper species protect cardiac,hepatic and renal antioxidant status of atherogenic diet fed hamsters

Pre-clinical and clinical studies points to the use of antioxidants as an effective measure to reduce the progression of oxidative stress related disorders. The present study evaluate the effect of three Piper species (Piper guineense, Piper nigrum and Piper umbellatum) for the protection of cardiac, hepatic and renal antioxidant status of atherogenic diet fed hamsters. Hamsters were classified into eight groups: a normal control, atherogenic control and six other experimental groups (fed atherogenic diet supplemented with different doses of P. nigrum, P. guineense and P. umbellatum (1 and 0.25 g/kg) for 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding period the heart, liver and kidney from each group were analyzed for lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes activities. Atherogenic diet induced a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the lipid profile across the board and equally significantly altered the antioxidant enzyme activities. Supplementation with Piper species significantly inhibited the alteration effect of atherogenic diet on the lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes activities. The Piper extracts may possess an antioxidant protective role against atherogenic diet induced oxidative stress in cardiac, hepatic and renal tissues.     

Antioxidant profile of red-single variety wines microoxygenated before malolactic fermentation

The controlled addition of oxygen before malolactic fermentation involves stability of wine colour and an improvement in their organoleptic quality. This study has examined its effect on the “in vitro” antioxidant profile of a variety of Spanish red-single variety wines of different ages. Total antioxidant capacity scavenger activity and the biomarkers of oxidative stress were all analysed. Neither antioxidant capacity, nor scavenger activity were influenced by the microoxygenation. However, the biomarkers of oxidative stress showed some effect of this technique. The controlled addition of small amounts of oxygen produced an increase in the prevention of DNA-damage and seems to decrease the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The effect on the capacity to protect DNA-damages was statistically significant in the groups of young and one year old wines, where microoxygenated wines showed higher values than their respective control ones. Furthermore, the effect on the prevention of lipid peroxidation was only qualitative, any statistical significant difference was found. A varietal effect was observed in analyzing the results, being Tinta del País wines the most influenced by this technique.     

Supplementation effects of pomegranate by-products on oxidative status,metabolic profile,and performance in transition dairy cows

Recent studies demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity for pomegranate components due to their rich bioactive compounds, such as conjugated fatty acids and phenolics. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to assess whether pomegranate seed or pomegranate seed pulp (peel + seed) supplementation could be effective to improve antioxidant status, and hence metabolic profile and performance in periparturient dairy cows. After a 1-wk pretreatment period, Holstein cows (primiparous n = 12, multiparous n = 18) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments from 25 d before expected calving through 25 d postcalving. The dietary treatments included (1) control (CON); (2) diet supplemented with pomegranate seeds (PS; 400 g/cow per day); and (3) diet supplemented with pomegranate seed pulp (PSP; 400 g of seeds/cow per day + 1200 g of peels/cow per day). Compared with CON, supplementation with either PS or PSP had no effects on dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and aspartate amino transferase, but enhanced plasma total antioxidant activity, and lowered triacylglycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate at both pre- and postpartum periods. Plasma concentration of glucose, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were not affected by dietary treatments at prepartum, whereas SOD activity increased and glucose, albumin, MDA, and FFA-to-albumin ratio decreased by feeding both by-products at postpartum period. In contrast to PS, supplementing PSP resulted in a greater decrease in plasma glucose and triacylglycerol concentration and higher increase in SOD activity. Energy- and fat-corrected milk yields were higher in cows fed PSP diet compared with those fed CON or PS diets, but content of milk fat, protein, and lactose were similar across the dietary treatments. These findings indicated that dietary pomegranate by-products supplementation, in particular PSP, could improve antioxidant status, which was associated with a decline in lipid oxidation (FFA and β-hydroxybutyrate) and peroxidation (MDA) and an enhancement in glucose utilization as well as fat-corrected milk yield.     

数学分析法评估大蒜素对HeLa细胞氧化还原水平的影响

为探究大蒜素调控典型肿瘤细胞中的氧化还原水平,建立了佛波酯(phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate,PMA)诱导人宫颈癌细胞HeLa中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)升高的氧化应激模型,通过借助中心响应面模型,探究发现当HeLa细胞在10 mg/L的大蒜素培养液中...     

Effect of natural pigments on the oxidative stability of sausages stored under refrigeration

The objective was to use natural pigments to replace sodium erythorbate (NaEry), a synthetic compound used as an antioxidant in sausage formulations, and to evaluate the oxidative stability of the samples. Six assays were prepared in which sodium erythorbate (ERY) at 0.05 g/100 g was substituted by norbixin (NOR), lycopene (LYC), zeaxanthin (ZEA), β-carotene (CAR) or dextrose (used as a control (CON)). Physical, chemical, color, texture and sensory parameters were measured on the first day and after 45 days of storage at 4 °C. All pigments used in the sausage formulations were able to maintain the oxidative stability of the sausages (MDA equivalents <0.38 mg/kg). Zeaxanthin and norbixin were the most efficient antioxidants of those tested. This antioxidant effect might be associated with the intermediate polarities of these two compounds, which would allow them to concentrate in the membrane lipids or emulsion interface, where lipid oxidation is most prevalent. Other volatile secondary products of oxidation besides MDA should be evaluated in further studies involving natural pigments and sensory oxidative stability.     

云南苦茶提取物抗氧化应激保护镉致糖尿病肾病小鼠的作用

此研究旨在评估云南苦茶提取物1,3,4,9-四甲基尿酸(1,3,4,9-tetramethyl uric acid, TC)对糖尿病肾病小鼠的氧化应激的调节潜力。实验采用喂养高脂高糖饲料,腹腔注射氯化镉(CdCl_2)12周建立糖尿病肾病动物模型,灌胃TC 28 d,评估其血清生化指标的变化;通过观察肾丙二醛(MDA)、脂质过氧化产物(LOOH)、蛋白羰基化(PCO)含量等氧化及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)等非酶抗氧化剂活性的变化,研究镉对肾脏的氧化损伤程度及四甲基尿酸的作用效果。实验结果显示,损伤组血清中的TG、ALT、LDL-C水平上调明显,分别为空白组的1.88倍、2.39倍、以及2.86倍;组织中的氧化指标MDA、PCO、NO显著升高,分别为空白组的1.51、3.88以及2.03倍;抗氧化指标CAT、SOD、GSH在损伤组有明显的下调,仅为空白组的68.75%、77.59%、80.95%;给予TC保护药后,血清指标水平较损伤组减少,仅为损伤组的68.09%、49.09%、45.65%;其氧化指标含量较损伤组减少,仅为损伤组的82.14%、74.19%、64.94%;抗氧化水平与损伤组相比明显升高,分别为损伤组的1.41、1.20及1.12倍。说明镉致糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy, DN)小鼠机体内的氧化和抗氧化之间的平衡,进而导致氧化压力的增加;TC通过提高抗氧化酶的活性,增强抗氧化系统的抗氧化能力,通过抗氧化应激反应和抗炎作用共同保护肾脏。     

Beneficial effect of Ficus religiosa Linn. on high-fat-diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats

Ficus religiosa Linn. (Moraceae) was evaluated as a hypolipidaemic and antioxidant agent. Ethanol and hexane leaves extracts were examined for inhibition of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and DPPH free radical elevation. The ethanol extract was evaluated for its effect against hypercholesterolaemia in rats, compared with the standard hypolipidaemic lipanthyl. Cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), phospho and total lipids were estimated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Administration of rats with 30 mg cholesterol five times per week for nine consecutive weeks caused a significant increase in lipid profile, MDA and SOD, while HDL-C and GSH showed significant decreases. Treatment with plant extract (500 mg/kg body weight) or lipanthyl drug (50 mg finofibrate/kg body weight) for the same duration recorded improvement in lipid profile, antioxidant levels, liver function enzymes and hepatic architecture. In conclusion, ethanol extract of F. religiosa exerted hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effects.     

Differential Oxidative Stress of Octahedral and Cubic Cu(2)O Micro/Nanocrystals to Daphnia magna

This study attempts to understand the impact of different shapes of an individual micro/nanomaterial on their biotoxicities to aquatic organisms. Two differently shaped Cu(2)O micro/nanocrystals (cubes and octahedrons with side lengths of 900 nm) were exposed to Daphnia magna for 72 h, afterward several antioxidant biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in D. magna were measured. We demonstrated the differential influences of two crystallographic Cu(2)O nanocrystals on the antioxidant process. Specifically, octahedral Cu(2)O nanocrystals showed a higher level of oxidative stress, possibly because of its larger surface area and higher reaction activity of the octahedron. The biomarker results further showed that the oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanism process involved three stages-antioxidant response, oxidation inhibition, and antioxidant inactivation. Furthermore, the accumulation of MDA was mainly responsible for the ROS-induced toxicity.     

日粮添加BHT对饲喂氧化豆油黄羽肉鸡肌肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)对饲喂氧化豆油日粮黄羽肉鸡肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,因素1为日粮中的豆油,按其品质分为新鲜豆油(MDA=13.4 nmol/mL)和氧化豆油(MDA=367.7 nmol/mL),因素2为日粮中BHT含量,按添加剂量分为两水平(0、125 mg/kg)。240羽1日龄优质黄羽肉鸡被随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明:与新鲜豆油组相比,氧化豆油组肌肉滴水损失和丙二醛MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05);肌肉内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力和肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著降低(p<0.05);腿肌肌肉中γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶调节亚单位(γ-GCLm)和γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶催化亚单位(γ-GCLc)的mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05)。与不含BHT日粮组相比,日粮中添加125 mg/kg BHT能够显著降低肌肉中MDA含量、肌肉滴水损失及蒸煮损失(p<0.05),能够显著提高肌肉T-SOD和CAT酶活(p<0.05),显著提高肌肉中CAT和γ-GCLm的mRNA表达量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加BHT能够通过提高黄羽肉鸡机体抗氧化能力,改善肉品质,缓解氧化豆油造成的氧化损伤。     

Alleviation effect of heat-treated and in vitro gastrointestinal digested soymilks on AAPH-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes: Digested soymilks alleviate oxidative stress

To investigate the potential protective effect of raw and heat-treated soymilks after gastrointestinal digestion against chemical oxidative stress induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) on human erythrocytes, soymilk was subjected to heat treatment and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The inhibition rate of hemolysis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH) and the enzyme activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated as the biomarkers of oxidative status. Hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by AAPH was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with the digested raw soymilk (DRS) and digested heat-treated soymilk (DHS). Moreover, heat treatment prior to gastrointestinal digestion improved the inhibition effect of soymilk on erythrocytes hemolysis. The soymilk treated at 95 °C showed the highest inhibition rate, followed by 121 °C and 143 °C, revealed that the increase of temperature caused the decrease of hemolysis inhibition rate of DHS. Preincubation with the digested soymilks reduced the accumulation of MDA in erythrocytes, indicating the inhibition effect of the digested soymilks on lipid peroxidation. Results revealed that DRS and DHS alleviated the hemolysis of erythrocytes and lipid peroxidation resulted from oxidative stress by suppressing the accumulation of ROS, reducing the increase of SOD activity and decrease of non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and enzymatic antioxidant GPx activity. Compared with raw soymilk, heat treatment improved the protective effect of the digested soymilk on erythrocytes against oxidative stress via enhancing the free radicals scavenging activity instead of improving the inhibition effect on the generation of free radicals.     

山西老陈醋醋泥冻干粉对高脂饮食小鼠的降血脂与抗氧化作用

醋泥是老陈醋在陈酿过程中产生的沉淀物。本研究测定山西老陈醋醋泥冻干粉的化学成分,评价醋泥冻干粉作为膳食补充剂对高脂血症小鼠的降血脂和抗氧化作用。用醋泥冻干粉以1%或5%的剂量饲喂高脂或正常饮食的小鼠35 d,测定小鼠的各项血液生理生化指标。结果表明：补充醋泥冻干粉的高脂饮食组小鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高,同时小鼠血清脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著减少,红细胞超氧化物歧化酶和血清过氧化氢酶的活性显著升高。补充醋泥冻干粉的正常饮食组小鼠血清脂质水平没有显著变化,但脂质过氧化作用明显减少。山西老陈醋醋泥冻干粉对高脂饮食小鼠具有显著的降血脂和抗氧化作用,这种有益作用可能归功于老陈醋醋泥冻干粉中含有的多糖、类黑精、多肽、膳食纤维、总多酚、总黄酮和川芎嗪等活性物质。     

Chemical composition of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) liquors and their effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Willd. Ex Spreng) Shum. is a Brazilian Amazon rainforest fruit, phylogenetically close to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), with excellent flavor and high agro-economic potential, whose seeds can also be used to prepare a product similar to chocolate. Here, we compared the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity of cupuassu and cocoa liquors. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the daily intake of cupuassu and cocoa liquors (3.6 and 7.2 g/kg body weight) on oxidative stress and lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Although cocoa liquor presented higher polyphenol, caffeine contents and in vitro antioxidant capacity, saturated fatty acid contents were also higher than in cupuassu liquor. Daily administration of both cocoa and cupuassu liquors resulted in ameliorated body weight gain and liver weight/body weight ratio in STZ-diabetic rats. Plasma triacylglycerol levels were strongly reduced by both doses of liquors, while HDL-c was raised in 27% when the highest doses of cupuassu and cocoa were administrated. Plasma antioxidant capacity was improved, and lipid peroxidation in plasma and tissues decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In spite of the lower polyphenol content of cupuassu, these results indicate advantages of cupuassu compared to cocoa in relation to potential health benefits.     

松茸多糖的体外抗氧化性及对乙醇氧化损伤小鼠作用的研究

本文以超氧阴离子自由基(Superoxide anion radicals,O₂^-·)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS)自由基清除能力、总还原能力为指标研究松茸多糖(Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharide,TMP)体外抗氧化能力;建立乙醇氧化损伤小鼠模型,通过测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)和碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力以及肝脏中过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSHPx)的水平研究松茸多糖的体内抗氧化活性。体外抗氧化结果表明,松茸多糖对超...