乳酸菌发酵对刺五加叶活性成分、体外抗氧化作用与降血糖相关酶的影响

为了对刺五加叶在益生菌发酵保健品领域的应用提供理论基础,以刺五加叶为原料,采用嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌3种乳酸菌进行发酵,对发酵前后刺五加叶中活性成分含量变化进行研究,并评价刺五加叶乳酸菌发酵物的体外抗氧化作用与对降血糖相关酶的影响.结果表明:不同菌种的发酵能力存在差异,植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌发酵显著增加了刺...     

大豆糖蜜综合利用

该文阐述对大豆糖蜜综合利用,主要介绍以大豆糖蜜作为发酵原料,从大豆糖蜜中分别提取异黄酮、低聚糖和皂甙,及对大豆植物化学成分应用。     

抗氧化活性乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其在泡菜发酵中的应用

本研究从农家自制泡椒中分离并鉴定出三株具有抗氧化活性的乳酸菌。并用这几株乳酸菌组合后发酵泡菜,同时设立自然发酵组作对照,分别测定了乳酸菌菌株和1~5 d发酵泡菜的抗氧化活性,以揭示人工接种抗氧化活性乳酸菌在泡菜发酵中的作用。结果发现添加乳酸菌的泡菜发酵周期比自然发酵泡菜缩短2 d。泡菜发酵实验表明添加乳酸菌发酵泡菜的抗氧化活性远大于自然发酵泡菜的抗氧化活性。到发酵后期,三个发酵组中除DPPH自由基清除率无显著差异外(p0.05),自然发酵组的还原力、羟基自由基和ABTs自由基清除率显著低于人工接种组,其中羟基自由基清除率的差异最为显著,均大于自然组清除率28.41%的两倍以上。通过感官品尝实验对泡菜的风味进行初步评估,表明添加乳酸菌发酵泡菜的风味较自然发酵更佳。进一步通过GC-MS对泡菜中的香气成分进行初步分析,结果证明接种乳酸菌发酵泡菜的风味成分中烷烃和酯类比自然发酵泡菜中更为丰富,二者的总比例在所测峰面积比例中均高出自然组27%~30%。本研究为泡菜的健康发酵和泡菜风味的优化提供了理论依据。     

乳酸菌发酵过程中番木瓜饮料的主要成分分析与抗氧化活性变化

以番木瓜汁作为主要发酵基质,通过乳酸菌发酵研究番木瓜汁发酵过程中品质和抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明,经过48?h发酵后,乳酸菌活性良好,产酸能力强,番木瓜汁pH值由5.36下降至3.11,还原糖质量分数由8.69%下降至5.15%。通过4?种不同的抗氧化方法评价乳酸菌发酵番木瓜汁的抗氧化活性。番木瓜汁发酵后抗氧化活性降低,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除活性下降,但仍然保持大于50%自由基清除活性。发酵过程中生成大量有机酸,其中乳酸质量浓度高达1?264.39?mg/100?mL。挥发性香气成分中以酯类化合物的种类最为丰富,发酵后新生成的酮类化合物种类最多。因此,乳酸菌发酵番木瓜汁可以作为新型功能性果蔬饮料。     

酒曲中乳酸菌的筛选及其在板栗糯米饮料发酵中的应用

为筛选出适合植物基质发酵的优良乳酸菌.本文以米曲为目标乳酸菌的供体,筛选高产酸、耐胃肠环境能力良好的乳酸菌,并评估了乳酸菌的抗氧化活性及其在板栗糯米饮料中的发酵能力.从酒曲中共分离出84株乳酸菌,其中有38株的产酸量≥10 g/L;在进一步的耐酸耐胆盐、模拟胃肠实验中,共筛出3株乳酸菌株;经16S rDNA鉴定这3株乳...     

The effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant activity of wheat gluten pancreatin hydrolysates

The antioxidant activities of the fermented wheat gluten hydrolysates with different fermentation times were investigated to elucidate the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the wheat gluten hydrolysates. Prior to LAB fermentation, wheat gluten was deamidated by hydrochloric acid and then hydrolysed by pancreatin to 12 and 24 h, respectively. Results showed that LAB fermentation had significant impacts on the enzymatic efficiency and antioxidant activities of wheat gluten. The degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery of hydrolysates gradually increased and then reached maximum values, respectively, when fermenting with LAB for 36 h. The hydrolysis degree and protein recovery of fermented pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were larger than that of the fermented pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole fermentation. The antioxidant activity analysis revealed a marked increase and improvement in the scavenging activities of 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl·radicals, hydroxyl radicals and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, while the scavenging activities of ABTS⁺ radical decreased as the fermentation time extended. The antioxidant activities of pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were higher than that of the pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole LAB fermentation.     

麦胚面包发酵饮料的研究

选用新鲜麦胚和面包渣为原料,接种酵母菌和乳酸菌发酵制作麦胚面包发酵饮料,并对发酵条件进行优化。同时,得出制作麦胚面包发酵饮料的最优发酵条件。通过优化发酵条件制作的麦胚面包发酵饮料,外观澄清透明、香气饱满、风味纯正。     

黑豆粕饮料发酵工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性评价

以黑豆粕为原料，通过乳酸菌发酵制备具有抗氧化活性的乳酸饮料。实验采用单因素和响应面分析法优化乳酸菌发酵工艺，以DPPH?清除率为指标，考察料液比、接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间对发酵过程的影响；再通过DPPH?清除实验、?OH清除实验、ABTS+?清除实验、脂质过氧化抑制实验来评价发酵产物的抗氧化功效。结果表明:最佳发酵菌株为嗜热链球菌，最佳的发酵工艺为料液比1:5 g/mL、接种量5%、温度37.6 ℃、时间36 h。在最佳发酵工艺下，发酵液的DPPH?清除率为71.56%。黑豆粕发酵产物的DPPH、OH、ABTS自由基的半抑制浓度分别为2.43、1.30和0.37 mg/mL，且有效抑制脂质过氧化反应，说明发酵产物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。饮料的感官评价可达90.21，悬浮稳定性为96.8%。本研究将为开发以黑豆粕为原料的功能性食品提供一个新思路，也为实现农副产品的进一步开发提供参考。     

麦胚乳酸菌发酵饮品的工艺优化及品质分析

以麦胚为原料,利用复合乳酸菌发酵研制麦胚乳酸菌发酵饮品。以离心沉淀率为评价指标,优化稳定剂含量;采用单因素试验及正交试验,优化麦胚乳酸菌发酵饮品工艺条件,并测定其理化指标。结果表明,最佳稳定剂为羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯0.5%、琼脂0.2%;最佳发酵工艺条件为嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophiles）、保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）、乳双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium lactis）、鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）、干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）按照配比1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1制备发酵剂,接种量0.03%,发酵时间24 h,发酵温度 42 ℃。在此最佳条件下,麦胚乳酸菌发酵饮品为乳酪色,质地黏稠,口感细腻,总蛋白3.53 g/100 g,总膳食纤维2.12 g/100 g,维生素E 1.28 mg/100 g,亚油酸669 mg/100 g,α-亚麻酸75.8 mg/100 g,乳酸活菌数2.1×109 CFU/mL。     

不同乳酸菌发酵豆乳的研究进展

发酵豆乳是利用单一或复合乳酸菌发酵制成的一种类似于酸奶的健康饮品。乳酸菌发酵豆乳可以极大程度的降低豆腥味,延长保藏期,还可以保留豆乳的营养价值,同时乳酸菌还可以调节人体肠道的微生态平衡,是一种价格低廉,功能丰富的健康饮品。该文对发酵豆乳的营养保健功能及发酵菌株形式进行了综述。     

Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Enrichment of Antioxidant Properties and Bioactive Isoflavones in Soybean

ABSTRACT: The antioxidant properties of 80% ethanolic extracts from soybean obtained with lactic acid fermentation using ABTS•⁺ [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) diammonium salt] free radical decolorization assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay were measured, and the relationship between the observed antioxidant properties and the compositional changes in the isoflavone isomers was evaluated. Fermentation of soybean with 4 bacterial strains producing β-glucosidase for 48 h at 37°C— Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 00144, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. latisKFRI01181, Bifidobacteriathermophilum KFRI00748, and Bifidobacteria breve K-101—resulted in a significant increas (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (mM) and % scavenging activity. The significant bioconversion (P < 0.001) of the isoflavone glucosides (daidzin + genistin) into their responding bioactive aglycones (daidzein + genistein) during soy fermentation was observed. There was a good linear correlation between the concentration of isoflavone aglycones and the scavenging activity of ABTS ( R = 0.9045) assay, and DPPH ( R = 0.8299) assay in each extract. Among each extract, B. thermophilum KFRI 00748 showed a particularly high antioxidant activity (19.8 mM TEAC) and increased by 4.1 times compared with that of the control (4.8 mM TEAC), which fermented without strains. These results indicated that fermented soybean could be regarded as a potent antioxidant and radical scavenging dietary source due to their remarkable content of bioactive isoflavones.     

酱油的罐式与池式发酵过程中关键呈味物质对比分析

从发酵罐和发酵池中选取发酵过程中的酱油进行中性蛋白酶活力、氨基酸态氮含量、游离氨基酸含量、pH值、总酸含量、有机酸含量、还原糖含量、淀粉酶活力和食盐含量的检测与分析。结果表明：池式发酵酱油的中性蛋白酶活力、氨基酸态氮含量、氨基酸总量、有机酸总量、淀粉酶活力、还原糖含量、总酸含量和pH值都高于罐式发酵酱油;食盐含量则是罐式酱油更多;其中鲜味氨基酸在发酵12 d后池式酱油的含量就高于罐式酱油的含量,尤其是池式酱油的谷氨酸在发酵45 d时已达到10.42 g/kg,而罐式酱油的谷氨酸含量仅7.91 g/kg;两种方式发酵的酱油都能检测出7种有机酸,且含量较高的两种有机酸分别是乳酸和乙酸;在发酵结束时池式酱油的还原糖含量比罐式酱油的还原糖含量高1.01 g/100 g;池式酱油的食盐含量比罐式酱油的食盐含量低0.90 g/100 g,说明在关键呈味物质上池式发酵酱油优于罐式发酵酱油。     

Traditional and novel fermented foods and beverages from tropical root and tuber crops: review

Tropical root and tuber crops [cassava, sweet potato, yams, colocasia (taro), etc] are important staples for food security for about a fifth of the world population. Bulk of cassava in Africa and Latin America are processed into fermented foods and food additives such as organic (acetic, citric and lactic) acids, mono-sodium glutamate, etc. The fermented foods from cassava are gari , fufu , lafun , chickwanghe , agbelima , attieke and kivunde in Africa, tape in Asia and ' cheese ' bread , and ' coated peanut ' in Latin America. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are the major group of micro-organisms associated with cassava fermentation. Similarly, sweet potatoes can be fermented into soy sauce, vinegar, lacto-juices, lacto-pickles and sochu (an alcoholic drink produced in Japan), and yams into fermented flour. Most of these fermented food products are functional foods rich in phytochemicals, dietary fibres, anti-oxidant compounds (β-carotene, anthocyanin, etc) and probiotic components (lactic acid bacteria and yeasts).     

Simultaneous enhancement of free isoflavone content and antioxidant potential of soybean by fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae

In order to determine the fungal strain and fermentation period which produce the highest antioxidant activity of fermented soy product, soybean was fermented with Aspergillus oryzae NL 5 isolated from Korean traditional meju produced in Sunchang Yeastopia Land in Korea, and was subjected to analyzing isoflavone profiles and assaying antioxidant activity. Antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2'-azinobis (2-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents. In addition, antioxidant assay using fluorescent probes, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium, in HepG2 cells was conducted for the samples. The results showed that both high isoflavone variety Aga 3 and medium isoflavone variety Daewon of soybean fermented with Asp oryzae NL5 for 4 to 5 d showed the highest increase in free isoflavone contents, together with the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of fermented soy was proportional to the concentration of free isoflavones, and was significantly influenced by total isoflavone content of soybean variety and fermentation period. Practical Application: Isoflavone profile and antioxidant capacity of soybean were widely variable during fermentation with Asp oryzae, and thereby it is recommended that meju (or koji) preparation condition, in particular, fermentation time is carefully optimized to maximize the antioxidant capacity of soy products fermented by Asp oryzae.     

不同乳酸菌对发酵桑葚汁酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为提高桑葚（Morus alba L.）精深加工潜力,以嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）（ST）、保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）（LB）、干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）（LC）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）（LP）为发酵菌种,比较不同乳酸菌发酵桑葚汁的理化性质、单体酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力。结果表明,桑葚汁是四种乳酸菌优良的生长基质,发酵结束添加不同乳酸菌发酵的桑葚汁中活菌数皆超过11 lg（CFU/mL）。发酵过程总糖及还原糖含量明显下降,总酚及总黄酮含量显著提高。综合比较四种菌种的发酵能力,菌株LP的发酵性能最佳,发酵后桑葚汁中活菌数为12.5 lg（CFU/mL）,总酚、总黄酮含量分别为7.4 mg没食子酸当量（GAE）/mL、4.5 mg芦丁当量（RE）/mL,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率为65.3%,铁离子还原力（FRAP）为25.3 mg抗坏血酸当量（AAE）/mL,其抗氧化能力最强,菌株LP可作为桑葚发酵的最佳菌种应用于实际生产。     

发酵肉制品中高抗氧化肉品发酵剂的筛选鉴定

为获得高抗氧化活性的天然肉品发酵剂,通过清除自由基、还原能力和抗脂质过氧化实验对来源于5种发酵肉制品中30株乳酸菌的发酵上清液、菌体细胞和胞内提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究,并按照肉品发酵剂的筛选标准对高抗氧化性的菌株进行筛选,鉴定出符合要求的菌株。结果表明:这30株乳酸菌具有不同的抗氧化能力且不同组分的抗氧化活性之间存在很大差异,发现菌株L23、L26和L28具有较高的抗氧化活性,其中L23符合肉品发酵剂的筛选标准,可作为天然高抗氧化性肉品发酵剂用于生产。经鉴定L23为希腊魏斯氏菌。     

一株戊糖片球菌在低盐固态酱油工艺中的应用

酱油发酵酱醅中筛选到一株戊糖片球菌,对该菌的生长温度、生长pH值、食盐耐受度等生长特性进行研究。采用离子交换色谱法对该菌株产有机酸的情况进行测定;将该菌株添加到低盐固态酱油后酵过程中,以不添加乳酸菌的实验组作对照,对酱油样品理化指标、经济指标进行分析,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对酱油挥发性香气成分进行对比分析。结果表明,该乳酸菌的生长条件与酱油酱醅发酵环境相适应,其发酵产酸以乳酸和乙酸为主,与酱油中有机酸主成分相一致,将该菌株用于低盐固态酱油发酵,对酱油香气和其他指标均有不同程度的促进作用。     

乳酸菌发酵对山楂汁理化性质、酚类化合物、抗氧化性及风味的影响

选用6 种商品乳酸菌植物乳杆菌90（Lactobacillus plantarum 90,Lp）、干酪乳杆菌37（Lactobacillus casei 37,Lc）、副干酪乳杆菌01（Lactobacillus paracasei 01,Lpc）、嗜酸乳杆菌85（Lactobacillus acidophilus 85,La）、双歧乳杆菌80（Bifidobacterium lactis 80,Bla）、瑞士乳杆菌76（Lactobacillus helveticus 76,Lh）,分别对山楂汁进行发酵,比较不同乳酸菌发酵对山楂汁理化性质（pH值、可溶性固形物、总可滴定酸）、酚类物质、体外抗氧化性、色值和风味物质的影响,并进行感官评价。结果表明：6 种乳酸菌在调酸后的山楂汁中（pH 4.70）表现出良好的生长状况且无显著差异,发酵结束时活菌数高于8.5（lg（CFU/mL））,同时表现出良好的发酵性能,乳酸产量超过2.6 mg/mL。Bla和Lh发酵显著提高了总酚含量,但对总黄酮无显著影响,而La、Lc和Lpc发酵显著降低了总黄酮含量,对总酚无显著影响。此外,Lpc、Bla和Lh发酵山楂汁的抗氧化活性有所增强（P＜0.05）,表现出较强的2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除活性（约49.0%）和Fe3＋还原能力（约25.0 mmol/L,以Trolox计）。相关性分析结果表明,抗氧化活性与对香豆酸、绿原酸、槲皮素和表儿茶素的含量呈负相关。乳酸菌发酵使山楂汁挥发性成分种类及总量增加,形成了17 种新的醇和17 种新的酯,并降低了醛含量。感官评价结果表明,乳酸菌发酵改善了山楂汁的香气和滋味,Bla发酵山楂汁的总体感官品质最好,Lh次之。与其他乳酸菌相比,Bla发酵山楂汁具有较高的抗氧化性、丰富的香气物质和良好的感官品质,具有更大的研究和开发价值。     

乳酸菌发酵蓝莓乳清混合体系体外抗氧化特性分析

本文利用嗜热链球菌,保加利亚乳杆菌及混合菌发酵乳清蛋白蓝莓汁混合物,比较研究了乳清蛋白,蓝莓汁单独发酵和混合发酵初始,24、36、48 h时对发酵产品体外抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:通过嗜热链球菌发酵乳清蛋白蓝莓混合体系还原能力高于乳清蛋白和蓝莓单独发酵,在发酵24 h时,DPPH自由基清除能力最高达到63.01%。同时,超氧阴离子自由基清除能力与发酵前相比提高54.94%,发酵36 h时的还原能力和羟自由基清除能力最强。采用保加利亚乳杆菌发酵乳清蓝莓体系36 h时ABTS+自由基清除能力最强。采用嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌混合菌种发酵蓝莓乳清体系24 h时,抗脂质过氧化能力与发酵前相比提高24.33%。因此,乳酸菌发酵对乳清蛋白和蓝莓汁混合体系的抗氧化能力具有提高和稳定的作用。该研究旨在为开发功能性乳酸菌发酵蓝莓乳清混合产品供理论基础,为蓝莓乳清混合发酵产物在食品及医药领域的应用提供研究依据。     

酵母菌乳酸菌共发酵对荔枝汁品质的影响

本研究以鲜榨荔枝汁为原料,分别对其进行干酪乳杆菌及三种酵母菌(BO213、D254、EC1118)的复合发酵,探索发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、pH、可溶性固形物、糖组分、有机酸、DPPH?清除能力以及感官指标等变化。结果表明：发酵后荔枝汁中的乳酸菌活菌数均高于7 lg (cfu/mL),均具有一定的益生功能。复合发酵不仅能促进干酪乳杆菌的生长,还能降低荔枝汁的糖度,且酒精度低于0.50%,符合无醇饮料的标准。随着发酵时间的延长,各组的糖含量均呈现下降的趋势。发酵24 h后干酪乳杆菌单独发酵组的乳酸含量显著低于复合发酵组,从高到低依次为：D254+干酪组(6.62 g/L)>Ec1118+干酪组(6.55 g/L)>BO213+干酪组(2.35 g/L)>干酪组(0.94 g/L)。D254+干酪组、Ec1118+干酪组发酵24 h的荔枝汁体外抗氧化能力(DPPH?清除能力)相比单独发酵组更具优势。发酵后的荔枝汁香气更佳,且复合发酵优于单独发酵,其中BO213+干酪组的香气最好,Ec1118+干酪组次之。综上,通过Ec1118+干酪乳杆菌可制得一款风味良好、营养丰富的发酵无醇益生荔枝饮料。