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给水处理消毒技术发展展望 总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26
消毒技术是给水处理工艺中的重要组成部分 ,而氯消毒是国内外最主要的消毒技术 ,但由于氯消毒产生有“三致”作用的消毒副产物等原因 ,消毒技术的优化和发展成为十分紧迫的问题。目前优化消毒主要包括优化常规的氯消毒和采用其他方式的消毒技术。详细介绍了国内外消毒技术的发展历程 ,比较了氯、二氧化氯、臭氧和紫外线消毒各自的优缺点 ,并指出了给水处理消毒技术的发展方向 相似文献
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污水处理中的紫外线消毒技术 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
紫外线消毒在医院及小型给水系统中有较多的应用 ,但在城市污水处理中鲜有采用。近年来 ,随着成本的下降及对氯和氯衍生物的控制 ,紫外线消毒技术在国外迅速发展 ,国内也有了采用紫外线消毒处理城市污水的实例。介绍了紫外线消毒技术及其实际运用情况 相似文献
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分析了饮用水消毒的现状,提出保持氯消毒不变,用羟基自由基氧化法对饮用水进行后处理,去除氯消毒产生的卤代烃,以提高饮用水的质量. 相似文献
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Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative disinfection technology to chlorination in recent years. In this study, we investigated the photoreactivation of Escherichia coli following medium-pressure (MP) UV disinfection of synthetic water by a bench-scale collimated beam apparatus. The UV doses ranged from 1.6 -19.7 mWs/cm2 and photoreactivation was investigated for 6 hours under fluorescent light. In addition, chloramination was applied after UV disinfection to investigate its ability to control photoreactivation. It was found that photoreactivation occurred for all UV doses tested and the increase in bacteria numbers ranged from 0.04 to 1.35 log10. However, the degree of photoreactivation decreased with increased UV doses. Chloramination experiments revealed that the addition of 0.5 mg/l of monochloramine resulted in suppression of photoreactivation for 1 hour only. An increased monochloramine dose of 1 mg/l was found to prevent photoreactivation for the entire duration of the experiment. The results of this study have shown that photoreactivation occurs even after MP UV disinfection, although it is of a lesser extent at higher UV doses. This study has also established that secondary chloramination can effectively suppress and eliminate photoreactivation with a chloramine dose of 1 mg/l. 相似文献
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Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Pryor S Springthorpe S Riffard T Brooks Y Huo G Davis S A Sattar 《Water science and technology》2004,50(1):83-90
Changing regulations to lower disinfectant byproducts in drinking water is forcing utilities to switch disinfection from chlorine to monochloramine. It is generally unknown whether this will impact positively or negatively on the microbiological quality of drinking water. A utility in Florida, using water with relatively high organic carbon levels from deep wells in several wellfields, made the decision to change its disinfection regime from chlorine to chloramine in order to meet the new regulations. To assess the impacts of such a change on the microbiology of its water supplies, it undertook a number of studies before and after the change. In particular, the presence of the opportunistic pathogens Legionella and Mycobacterium, and also the composition of drinking-water biofilms, were examined. A preliminary synthesis and summary of these results are presented here. Legionella species were widely distributed in source waters and in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant. In some samples they seemed to be among the dominant biofilm bacteria. Following the change to monochloramine, legionellae were not detected in the distribution system during several months of survey; however, they remained detectable at point of use, although with less species diversity. A variety of mycobacteria (21 types) were widely distributed in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant, but these seemed to increase in dominance after chloramination was instituted. At point of use, only four species of mycobacteria were detected. Other changes occurring with chloramination included (a) an altered biofilm composition, (b) increased numbers of total coliforms and heterotrophs and (c) nitrification of water storage tanks. The results suggested that consideration should be given to the microbiological effects of changing disinfection regimes in drinking-water and distribution system biofilms. 相似文献
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饮用水系统生物膜形成和控制是当前研究的热点。系统阐述了饮用水系统中生物膜的形成和影响成膜的各种因素。生物膜控制技术包括降低有机物含量、物理方法、消毒剂、酶试剂控制、分散剂、紫外线消毒等。饮用水系统中生物膜对剥离剂和紫外线具有抗剥离能力,500mg/L的常规剥离剂也难以剥离成熟的生物膜,紫外线对生物膜中微生物杀灭能力明显弱于对溶液中微生物的杀灭作用。采样结果表明:饮用水管道内部存在严重的微生物污染。一旦生物膜形成,其将紧紧附着于管道内壁。控制饮用水系统中生物膜,降低微生物安全风险,对保证安全供水将具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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近两年,无锡市积极参与水生态监测,探索新思路、新技术和新方法,积极拓宽水生态监测服务领域。笔者在分析总结了无锡市水生态监测工作实践的基础上,提出了进一步科学化、系统化、尺度化地开展水生态监测工作的建议,为解决无锡经济发展过程中遇到的水生态问题的解决提供了重要的技术支撑。 相似文献
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再生水灌溉是解决水资源短缺的有效途径之一。本文从再生水灌溉对地下水及地表水的水质、土壤质量和作物生长几个方面综述了近年来国内外对再生水灌溉对环境生态的影响所取得的研究成果,并针对我国再生水灌溉存在的问题,对再生水灌溉今后的发展进行了展望,指出未来研究的重要方向是:研究再生水处理新工艺及再生水灌溉新技术和新制度;制定再生水灌溉标准;再生水灌溉条件下磷、氮、有机物、重金属在土壤植被系统中的迁移转化规律;再生水安全高效灌溉技术、再生水灌溉和施肥耦合增产效应及灌溉后农田适宜的灌溉施肥量;建立再生水灌溉对环境影响和健康风险评价指标与评价方法。 相似文献
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对农村安全饮水来说,选择好的水源和净水工艺是获得安全饮用水的第一步.江西省地下水水质总体较好,成为了农村饮水安全工程的首选水源.根据水质情况,一般只需进行消毒处理,部分需进行除铁锰.本文对几种常见的消毒、除铁锰工艺进行了分析,并结合江西省农村实际情况,分别推荐了较适用于江西省农村地下水处理的消毒和除铁锰工艺. 相似文献
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试论水利科技的创新问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水利科技具有很强的社会公 性,在很多专业领域要为政府在水资源管理宏观决策方面提供科技支撑,为适应水利行业发展思路的调整,必须加大水利科技创新的力度,需要探索新理论、新、新模型,开发新技术、新工艺、新材料,探索水利科技新的增长点,应把握以下原则:(1)坚持可持续发展的方针;(2)坚持学科的交叉、综合、渗透,鼓励跨行业、跨领域联合科技攻关;(3)坚持 新技术对水利行业进行技术改造;(4)加快成果转化, 相似文献