真丝绸轧蒸法染色试验

轧蒸法染色是六十年代发展起来的染色方法,它利用轧车对染料溶液及织物的均匀浸轧,使染料粒子均匀分布于纤维表面,再经预烘及汽蒸使染料分子渗透到纤维内部,并与纤维结合。这种染色方法工艺简单,染色均匀,加工批量大小兼宜,染化料消耗低而且节约能源,受到了印染业的重视。自一九七七年起,我国丝绸行业也开始了轧蒸法染色的     

混纺聚酯纤维织物染色的染料分布

微纤维聚酯有时与较高旦尼尔的纤维混纺 ,使织物在较低成本下具有很好的美感。 1 .4D和0 .7D的聚酯纱线单独染色和共同用一系列不同深度的 CI分散蓝 79染色 ,检验染色过程中染料分布情况。染色初期 ,染料对微纤维的上染量较高 ,但随染料进一步上染纤维 ,染料分布变均匀 ,最终两种纤维上染料浓度相等。根据观察 ,给定染料浓度 ,微纤维上染的颜色较浅 ,即使染浴竭染稳定 ,染色过程发生的染料重新分配也会使织物上颜色不断发生改变。使用三种染料的混合物可以在固定染色温度下 2 0 min后在 1 .0 D的聚酯纤维织物上产生稳定的颜色 ,但染 1 .0 …     

毛织物染整基础知识讲座(二)

第三讲毛织物染色 第一章染色概述 第一节染色过程 染色就是使纤维材料染上颜色的加工过程。染色的目的是为了得到色泽鲜艳、均匀、且不易褪色的纺织品。染色过程中,应注意尽量地不要使羊毛纤维受到损伤,以保证毛织品具有良好的手感光泽。 目前,纤维的染色大多是在染料的水溶液中进行的,染色过程大致可分成三个阶段。 一、染料被吸附到纤维表面上 当纤维浸入染液后,染料很快地吸附在纤维表面上,吸附能力的大小,决定于染料对纤维的亲和力和是否加入促染剂等。 染料对纤维所以能产生吸附现象,是由于它们之间有吸引力,这种力主要是由氢键、范特…     

表面活性剂强化的染色技术

通常都是用分散染料染疏水纤维,碱性染料染腈纶以及用酸性染料染羊毛、尼龙和蚕丝。本文涉及一种借助于表面活性剂的水溶液使分散染料、溶剂染料和一些颜料对蚕丝、羊毛和尼龙染色的方法。同样的表面活性剂溶液也可以有利地用于阳离子染料对各种纤维的染色。     

利用色氨酸的发色反应着色动物纤维

1　前言染色方法是早就被采用的技术。据说 ,古代人在考虑将纤维染成红色时 ,使用了草木中的红色色素。也就是 ,在赋予纤维特定色泽时 ,必须用有这种色的染料 (有色物质 ,它在水等介质中 ,能和纤维进行某种相互作用而着色 )。目前 ,虽然制造了许多合成染料 ,但上述的这种概念尚未改变 ,即纤维染色必须使用染料。不过 ,这次仅在蚕丝和羊毛等动物纤维上 ,发现和传统染色不同的、不用染料的纤维染色方法。本文从动物纤维是蛋白质的这一观点出发 ,着眼于一种构成蛋白质的氨基酸、即色氨酸 ,对其用化学处理使其发色 ,使纤维本身着色的新染色方法…     

活性染料优缺点及功能用途介绍

<正>活性染料,又称反应性染料,为在染色时与纤维起化学反应的一类染料。这类染料分子中含有能与纤维发生化学反应的基团,染色时染料与纤维反应,二者之间形成共价键,成为整体,使耐洗和耐摩擦牢度提高。活性染料是一类新型染料。1956年     

新型多组分纤维纺织品染整(二十四)

5.4.3 纤维素纤维/阳离子染料可染涤纶纺织品染色 (1)染色方法概述[1] 纤维素纤维/阳离子染料可染涤纶(CDP)纺织品的染色方法类似于腈纶/纤维素纤维纺织品,可采用直接/阳离子染料一浴一步法、活性/阳离子染料一浴二步法、活性或还原/阳离子染料二浴法染色.如果做留白染色,则分别用直接和活性染料染纤维素纤维,CDP纤维不染即可.     

尿素在棉的一氯均三嗪染料热固染色中的作用

引言尿素是一种广泛用于棉织物染色、印花和整理中的常用助剂。在棉的热固染色中,它的作用主要是由于提高染料溶解度,并使纤维有较大的溶胀,使染料能更好地渗透,从而提高染料的固着。 Kissa认为,用乙烯砜染料以轧烘焙工艺对棉染色时,在碱和热的存在下,尿素会促进这类染料/纤维键的裂解,从而减少活性     

海娜及其他阿拉伯植物染料染色研究

海娜、斯鲁浮、浮沃作为一类重要的植物染料在阿拉伯地区特别是北非地区应用。通过对上述植物染料染色方法和程序的提炼、比较和验证,研究了这些植物染料染色色相、适染纤维、染色条件和配方以及影响染色效果的因素,发现所述植物染料对蛋白质纤维均具有较好的染色性能,对植物纤维染色效果较差,染色时间、染料浓度是影响染色效果的主要影响因素。     

羊毛纤维Lanasol CE型活性染料低温染色

以Lanasol CE型毛用活性染料为染色用染料,通过在羊毛染色的上染阶段加入低温染色助剂,使染料在低温条件下被纤维均匀吸附,保证上染均匀。探索了低温助剂对羊毛Lanasol CE型染料低温染色工艺的影响。通过比较羊毛低温染色工艺和常规染色工艺的上染速率及染色后纤维的各项性能,低温染色工艺染色样品表观深度和常规工艺染色样品一致,纤维碱溶解度优于常规染色,低温染色工艺可降低染色温度,减少羊毛的损伤,节能同时减少能耗。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press