钠离子电池正极材料的研究进展

钠离子电池与锂离子电池相比,具有钠资源储量丰富、价格低廉等优点,被认为是发展新能源、实现规模化储能极具潜力的二次电池。近年来钠离子电池成为人们研究的热点,相关报道也在逐年增加。综述了钠离子电池正极材料发展中典型化合物,如过渡金属氧化物、聚阴离子化合物等的研究进展,以及目前人们主要采用的纳米化、包覆、掺杂等几种有效的改性手段,并对正极材料未来的研究方向以及发展前景提出了展望。     

钠离子电池碳基负极材料的研究进展

由于能源资源短缺和环境问题,开发新型储能材料迫在眉睫。锂离子电池应用广泛,但其在地壳中的含量较低,限制了它的发展。钠与锂具有相似的化学性质,可以替代锂成为新一代储能材料。碳基储钠负极材料分为天然石墨、石墨烯、软碳材料和硬碳材料。重点介绍了这些碳材料的定义、存在的问题和解决方案,对碳材料的改性及其在钠离子电池中的应用有一定的指导意义。     

镁二次电池正极材料研究进展

自然界中镁储量丰富,镁二次电池在大负荷储能设备方面具有良好的发展前景。然而,正极材料的寻找和改进一直是镁二次电池的难点。对近几年镁二次电池正极材料的主要研究进展进行了介绍,着重总结了已报道的具有各种独特微纳米尺寸结构的材料,结果表明材料的介观结构和微观结构(原子排布)对材料的性能都有着至关重要的影响。表现出良好性能的微纳米尺寸结构可被类似体系或材料所参考。     

室温钠离子储能电池关键材料研究进展

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础,随着社会经济高速发展,人类对能源的需求不断增加。目前,传统化石能源如煤、石油、天然气等为人类社会提供主要的能源。但随着化石能源的逐渐枯竭,及其带来的日益严重的生态环境恶化等问题,各国都在努力寻找可再生、环境友好的新能源。在大力发展风能、太阳能等可再生能源时,由于其     

钠离子电池正极材料NaVPO4F的合成及其电化学性能

本文报道了在氩气保护下用两段高温固相反应法制备NaVPO4F作为钠离子电池正极材料,并用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),原子吸收光谱(AAS),热重分析(TG/DTG),X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),恒流充放电等对其结构和性能进行了测试和表征.结果表明:750℃左右反应可以获得稳定、结晶度好的NaVPO4F,其晶型为简单单斜晶系,与前驱体VPO4的晶型一致;SEM测试表明NaVPO4F的粒径分布均匀,粒径大小在微米级,材料首次放电容量为87mAh/g.     

锂离子电池球形正极材料的研究进展

球形化可以提高锂离子正极材料的压实密度、体积比容量并改善其加工性能和极片的质量。简要介绍了球形材料的特点,综述了球形LiCoO2、LiNixM1-xO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4等的制备及其性能,展望了球形正极材料的应用前景。     

锂离子电池正极材料热稳定性研究进展

综述了锂离子电池正极材料热稳定性的研究现状及其进展。针对正极材料LiCcO2、LiNiO3、LiMn2O4及其衍生物的热稳定性，众多研究者提出了不同的反应机理，认为正极材料的热稳定性与颗粒大小、晶体结构、充／放电状态、脱锂程度及电解质性质等因素有关。可以利用掺杂技术、涂层技术及优化合成条件等手段来改善正极材料的热稳定性。     

石墨烯基复合物作为锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

石墨烯因其高导电、导热效应等而备受储能领域的关注,其复合材料用作锂离子电池负极材料时显著提升了锂离子电池的电化学性能。综述了石墨烯基复合材料作为锂离子电池正极材料的合成方法及电化学性能的研究。     

正极材料与催化剂对锂空气电池性能的影响及相关研究进展

锂空气电池因其高理论能量密度引起了广泛关注。评述了锂空气电池正极材料及催化剂研究情况,分析了正极材料的结构、组成及催化活性对锂空气电池放电容量、稳定性及循环性能的影响,探讨了固体催化剂与可溶性催化剂在降低充电过电位、提高锂空气电池的稳定性与循环性能方面的作用,阐述了正极对锂空气电池性能的重要性及研究所面临的挑战。     

喷雾干燥制备铁系锂离子电池正极材料的研究

采用喷雾干燥制备铁系正极材料,研究了不同煅烧温度对产物物相、粒度以及电化学性能的影响,并利用XRD、SEM和激光粒度分析仪对产物进行了表征.采用二次电池测试仪对正极活性材料进行了测试.结果表明,300℃时煅烧产物由LiFe5O8和LiFeO2组成,随着温度的升高,LiFe5O8减少,到700℃时生成单一的LiFeO2,其在300℃时首次放电比容量为232mAh/g,随着反应温度的升高,首次放电容量逐渐减小.     

Recent Progress in Iron‐Based Electrode Materials for Grid‐Scale Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Grid‐scale energy storage batteries with electrode materials made from low‐cost, earth‐abundant elements are needed to meet the requirements of sustainable energy systems. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with iron‐based electrodes offer an attractive combination of low cost, plentiful structural diversity and high stability, making them ideal candidates for grid‐scale energy storage systems. Although various iron‐based cathode and anode materials have been synthesized and evaluated for sodium storage, further improvements are still required in terms of energy/power density and long cyclic stability for commercialization. In this Review, progress in iron‐based electrode materials for SIBs, including oxides, polyanions, ferrocyanides, and sulfides, is briefly summarized. In addition, the reaction mechanisms, electrochemical performance enhancements, structure–composition–performance relationships, merits and drawbacks of iron‐based electrode materials for SIBs are discussed. Such iron‐based electrode materials will be competitive and attractive electrodes for next‐generation energy storage devices.     

锂离子电池正极材料的研制新进展

综述了锂离子电池正极材料的最近发展动态,着重介绍了被修饰的正极材料、O3-LiCoO2、LiFeO2的合成方法及电化学性能。展望了锂离子正极材料的发展趋势。     

锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池正极材料Ｌｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｏ、Ｌｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｏ、Ｌｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｏ体系及Ｌｉ－Ｖ－Ｏ、Ｌｉ－Ｔｉ－Ｏ等体系的研究进展,重点介绍了合成方法及其对性能的影响,并对有关文献进行了比较归纳,指出研究中存在的问题。     

Defect Engineering on Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries

The reasonable design of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries plays an important role in promoting the development of renewable energy technology. With the in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying electrode reactions and the rapid development of advanced technology, the performance of batteries has significantly been optimized through the introduction of defect engineering on electrode materials. A large number of coordination unsaturated sites can be exposed by defect construction in electrode materials, which play a crucial role in electrochemical reactions. Herein, recent advances regarding defect engineering in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries are systematically summarized, with a special focus on the application of metal-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and metal–air batteries. The defects can not only effectively promote ion diffusion and charge transfer but also provide more storage/adsorption/active sites for guest ions and intermediate species, thus improving the performance of batteries. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development prospects are forecast, and the electrode materials are further optimized through defect engineering to promote the development of the battery industry.     

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: toward High‐Power Applications

The increasing demands for renewable energy to substitute traditional fossil fuels and related large‐scale energy storage systems (EES) drive developments in battery technology and applications today. The lithium‐ion battery (LIB), the trendsetter of rechargeable batteries, has dominated the market for portable electronics and electric vehicles and is seeking a participant opportunity in the grid‐scale battery market. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and resource availability of lithium. The sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is regarded as an ideal battery choice for grid‐scale EES owing to its similar electrochemistry to the LIB and the crust abundance of Na resources. Because of the participation in frequency regulation, high pulse‐power capability is essential for the implanted SIBs in EES. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the exploration of high‐power cathode and anode materials for SIB is presented, and deep understanding of the inherent host structure, sodium storage mechanism, Na⁺ diffusion kinetics, together with promising strategies to promote the rate performance is provided. This work may shed light on the classification and screening of alternative high rate electrode materials and provide guidance for the design and application of high power SIBs in the future.     

Cathode Architectures for Rechargeable Ion Batteries: Progress and Perspectives

To satisfy the rising demand for energy, battery electrodes with higher loading, to simultaneously increase areal energy and power, are necessary. Nevertheless, in conventional thin-film electrodes, there is mutual exclusion between energy (capacity) and power. Increasing the thickness of electrodes alone is not feasible since this will lead to reductions in ion-diffusion efficiency, as well as electrode flexibility. To address this difficulty, 3D electrode architectures, especially cathode architectures, are proposed to pave a new path for the design and optimization of battery devices. Recent research suggests that 3D cathode architectures may optimize the configuration and engineering processes of battery technologies. Herein, the state-of-the-art progress of cathode architectures in various rechargeable-ion-battery technologies is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the different architecture strategies, areal loading, and mechanical understanding of 3D electrodes. Upcoming research directions are further outlined for future development in this field.     

水溶液钠离子电池及其关键材料的研究进展

钠离子电池具有资源与成本等方面明显的优势, 正成为新一代储能技术的发展热点。对于大规模、固定式储能场合, 水溶液钠离子电池更为安全可靠、价格低廉、环境友好, 理论上具有广泛的应用前景。然而, 水溶液钠离子电池在材料选择和应用方面所面临的问题也非常复杂。针对这些问题, 本文简要分析了水系储钠材料与电极反应的特殊性, 介绍了水系钠离子电池的研究进展, 同时结合本课题组的研究工作讨论了相关的技术发展方向。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi-x-yCoxMnyO2的研究现状

正极材料对锂离子电池的性能和价格具有决定性的作用，对正极材料的研究一直是锂离子电池研究中的热点。主要对一类新型正极材料LiNi-x-yCoxMnyO2的国内外研究现状进行了综述，并比较了不同合成方法对其电化学性能的影响，最后对这类正极材料的研究给予了展望。     

静电纺丝在高效可逆离子电池储能中的应用

高效、稳定、低成本可逆离子电池的研究对大型能源存储、便携电子设备、电动汽车、航空航天以及生态环境等领域的发展有着重大意义。可逆离子电池电极材料的微纳设计与结构调控是其高性能化的重要途径。静电纺丝制备功能微纳电极材料具有以下优势:(1)一维构筑单元有利于电子快速传导;(2)微纳化构筑单元具有短的离子扩散距离和高电极/电解液接触比表面积;(3)三维网络骨架结构可有效降低电极结构破坏。同时,通过调节静电纺丝体系参数可实现电极材料的结构、组分、尺寸、表面修饰、掺杂等参量可控制备。非金属(如Si、Ge)、金属(如Sn、Sb)以及过渡金属氧化物(如SnO_2、Fe_2O_3、Co_3O_4)、金属硫化物(如MoS_2、Co_9S_8)负极材料以及磷酸盐(如LiFePO_4、Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3)因具有高的理论比容量和能量密度等优点而被广泛地应用于超级电容器、离子电池(锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池)等新一代储能器件中。然而,低导电性、高体积膨胀率等使得这类材料的倍率性能和使用寿命极大降低,制约了它们的商业化应用前景。基于碳材料(非晶碳、碳纳米管、石墨烯)以及导电聚合物设计制备不同微纳结构的碳基和聚合物基复合材料可有效解决以上难题,提高其储能性能。静电纺丝技术可以通过设计纺丝装置,调控纺丝前驱液的浓度,结合超声磁力搅拌促进纳米颗粒均匀分散以及高温热解等参量调控,有效制备得到自支撑纺丝碳基纤维复合材料。近年来,基于静电纺丝制备的柔性自支撑结构材料被广泛应用于能源存储领域,包括超级电容器、隔膜材料、离子电池等。然而,不同聚合物静电纺丝条件有较大差异,主要由聚合物的分子量大小、带电基团分布、亲疏水性、溶剂、溶液粘度等参量所决定。聚合物静电纺丝的前驱液主要为水溶性高分子与非水溶性高分子,溶剂通常为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇等。聚合物与金属盐常被用于静电纺丝制备微纳复合纤维材料,通过调节纺丝参量(如聚合物溶液粘度、溶剂种类、电压、针尖与接收装置之间的距离、聚合物输运速率、温度以及湿度等)对其结构特性进行精确调控,实现储能容量和稳定性的双提升。本文将主要从以下几个方面介绍静电纺丝在可逆离子电池储能中的应用:静电纺丝技术进展,静电纺丝微纳材料在可逆离子电池中的应用,以及该领域研究的总结与展望。