熔融NaF—AlF3体系活度的测定

用Ｎａ（Ａｌ）｜Ｎａ＾＋β－Ａｌ２Ｏ３｜（α＋β）－Ａｌ２Ｏ３电池测量了与ＮａＦ－ＡｌＦ３体系平衡的Ａｌ中Ｎａ活度，椐此计算了该二元系中ＮａＦ和ＡｌＦ３的活度。随熔体中分子比增加或温度升高，ＮａＦ的活度增大，ＡｌＦ３的活度减小。     

微量钇合金化及Y_2O_3－Al_2O_3复合涂层对M38合金高温氧化的影响

研究了镍基铸造高温合金Ｍ３８及其含微量Ｙ的合金在１０００℃空气中的高温氧化行为，以及表面施加（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）复合氧化物薄膜对上述的种合金氧化行为的影响．发现Ｍ３８，Ｍ３８＋（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３），Ｍ３８＋Ｙ＋（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）的氧化动力学基本呈抛物线规律，而Ｍ３８＋Ｙ开始增重较快，而后趋于平缓，偏离抛物线规律．２００ｈ的氧化增重顺序为：Ｍ３８＞Ｍ３８＋（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）＞Ｍ３８＋Ｙ＋（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）＞Ｍ３８＋Ｙ．钇合金化及表面沉积（Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３）复合氧化物薄膜显著地改变了Ｍ３８合金氧化物的表面形貌和组成，细化了氧化物晶粒，不同程度地促进了Ｃｒ和Ａｌ的选择氧化．     

Na_2SO_4 INDUCED HOT CORROSION OF Ni_3Al－Fe INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES

研究了Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４沉积盐引起的Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ于７００一８２０℃空气中的腐蚀行为。结果表明，Ｎｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｆｅ遭受自持性的热腐蚀。热腐蚀的发生似可归因于Ｆｅ与Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４反应的产物Ｎａ_２Ｏ与Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４形成了Ｎａ_２Ｏ－Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４共晶熔融盐，随后合金中Ｍｏ的氧化产物ＭｏＯ_３参与电化学阴极还原反应，从而引发合金快速的热腐蚀。此外，熔盐中Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４与ＭｏＯ_３反应生成的ＳＯ_３导致了熔盐的高酸度和合金的内硫化，从而进一步加剧了腐蚀的进程。     

磁场和缓蚀剂对Fe／0.5mol.L^—1H2SO4等体系极化行为的影响

测定了Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４，Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ４，Ｆｅ／ＨＳＯ４＋Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３和Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋ＮａＣｌ种体系在磁场或／和缓蚀剂作用下的极化曲线，指出腐蚀的主要控制是阴极过程，Ｈ２ＳＯ４中加入少量Ｎａ２ＳＯ４不影响其结果，但加入Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３，ＮａＣｌ会因Ｆｅ＾３＋，Ｃｌ＾－的作用而影响结果，分析了磁场、缓蚀剂、Ｃｌ＾－和Ｆｅ＾３＋单一和联合对Ｆｅ／Ｈ２ＳＯ４阴极和阳极极化行为的     

冷拔钢管磷化液中Fe~（2＋）的抑制

分析了冷拔钢管磷化液中Ｆｅ~（２＋）的危害及其产生原因，介绍了抑制Ｆｅ~（２＋）的机理。进行了ＮａＣｌＯ_３抑制磷化液中Ｆｅ~（２＋）的试验，结果表明，按０．５ｇ／Ｌ添加ＮａＣｌＯ_３，可获得较好的抑制效果和经济效益。同时介绍了操作要点。     

应用钠β氧化铝测量Na-Pb合金的热力学性质

应用Ｎａ｜Ｎａ＾＋－β－Ａｌ２Ｏ３｜ＮａｘＰｂ１－ｘ固体电解质电池测定了４２个Ｎａ／ＮａｘＰｂ１－ｘ（ｘ＝０．０４３－０．９８７８）电池在５０８－６４８Ｋ的电动势。计算了钠／高铅钠合金（液,ｘ＝０．０４３－０．６）电池电动势及其温度系数,钠在合金中的活度系数、偏摩尔熵Ｓ（Ｎａ）、偏摩尔焓Ｈ（Ｎａ）和ｘ（Ｎａ）的关系。热力学函数对钠摩尔分数的线性关系,相应于在钠－铅相图中的富铅相界、共晶体ＮａＰｂ４     

电渣重熔用CaF_2＋Al_2O_3和CaF_2＋Al_2O_3＋CaO系熔渣传氧的研究

利用ＺｒＯ_２固体电解质氧浓差电池测定了电渣重熔用ＣａＦ_２＋Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和ＣａＦ_２＋Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３＋ＣａＯ系熔渣的氧渗透率，考察了熔渣成分及温度对熔渣传氧性能的影响．在１６７３—１８７３Ｋ和０．１ＭＰａ的氧气氛下，侧得这两个渣系熔渣的氧渗透率分别为１×１０－（２０）—６×１０－（１９）和１×１０￣（２１）—５×１０￣（１８）ｍｏｌＯ_２·ｃｍ￣（－１）·ｓ￣（－１）；随ＭｎＯ_２，Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３，Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３，ＴｉＯ_２，ＣａＦ_２含量和碱度（ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ_２）的增高，熔渣的氧渗透率增大，ＭｎＯ_２和Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的影响尤为显著；随温度的升高，熔渣的氧渗透率增大，且可按速率过程来处理ＣａＦ２基多元复杂熔渣的传氧过程。     

渗铝NiAl－20％Fe金属间合金的高温热腐蚀

本文研究了在９５０℃空气中，表面涂Ｎａ_２ＳＯ_４盐膜的条件下，ＮｉＡｌ，ＮｉＡｌ－２０％Ｆｅ及渗铝后的高温热腐蚀行为。在热腐蚀过程中，ＮｉＡｌ合金表面能形成Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜，显示出一定的耐蚀性能。但Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜易开裂，Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的溶解及开裂会引发合金发生快速热腐蚀；２０％Ｆｅ的加入则使ＮｉＡｌ合金的耐蚀性能显著变差，合金表面不能形成单一的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜；渗铝处理可以明显提高ＮｉＡｌ－２０％Ｆｅ合金的耐蚀性能，且渗铝涂层的耐蚀性能优于ＮｉＡｌ合金，这与铝化物涂层中的Ａｌ含量较高，Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３膜的开裂倾向较小有关。     

钢液直接定铝传感器的研究

利用ＺｒＯ２（ＭｇＯ）固体电解质和（Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６）辅助电极组成定铝电池。实验结果表明：当该定铝传感器插入钢液后，１０ｓ左右即可获得稳定的电动态；所得电动势和Ａｌ的Ｈｅｎｒｙ活度之间符合理论关系。在１８２３－１８７３Ｋ下进行测定时发现，温度对电池电动势的影响不大。该传感器的响应速度快，测量的准确性较高，可以满足工业应用的要求。     

不锈钢烧结焊剂的研制

研制了烧结温度低的焊接不锈钢的烧结焊剂，焊剂渣系为ＣａＦ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，采用ＣａＦ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３〉９０％的成分配比，其它为ＭｇＣＯ３，ＣａＣＯ３，Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和Ｎａ３ＡｌＦ６等。特点是氧化性和气孔敏感性小。配合相应焊丝可以焊接各种不锈钢。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。