基于VC的逐点比较空间直线插补算法改进与仿真

针对传统逐点比较空间直线插补方法存在插补误差大、直线光滑性差等问题,提出了一种基于基础坐标概念的逐点比较空间直线插补算法。在三维空间划分为24个区域的基础上推导该算法的插补原理,得到了各区域的插补公式。基于VC++6.0软件进行了模拟仿真,该算法可以实现串联机床三轴联动、六轴并联机床六轴联动功能,进一步提高了数控系统的插补速度,有效地提高了逐点比较空间直线插补精度和刀具半径补偿精度。     

基于DSP的数控插补平台研究

介绍了一种基于DSP的数控插补平台。该平台由上位机以及基于DSP和FPGA的运动控制器组成。上位机进行G代码的解析处理,通过ISA接口传输给DSP,在DSP中完成多轴运动控制,包括插补预处理、多轴插补运算、伺服控制、数据采集和实时轮廓误差的计算等。插补算法中,采用前瞻控制和柔性的加减速控制,实现了多段直线或圆弧的连续插补控制。由于DSP运算速度快,插补周期可以达到1ms以内,因此,该平台可达到很高的插补精度。实验验证表明,该平台运行稳定,功能完备,同时具有较高的轮廓精度,适合各种插补算法的研究。     

基于误差模型的三轴联动加工轨迹预补偿方法

为了减小由于进给系统动态特性造成的多轴联动加工轮廓误差,提出了一种基于轮廓误差模型的三轴联动加工轨迹预补偿方法。首先建立了关于轨迹曲率、加工速率及进给系统动态特性参数的轮廓误差模型;然后根据读取的插补数据,利用轮廓误差模型实时预测三轴联动加工过程中的轮廓误差补偿向量并对加工轨迹指令进行补偿;最后通过对圆、变曲率和螺旋线轨迹的MATLAB仿真和机床加工实验,证明该补偿方法将轮廓误差减小了85%以上,可显著提高数控机床加工精度。     

多轴联动的机床交叉耦合轮廓误差补偿技术

为了提高多轴联动CNC机床的加工精度,减小由机械传动及电气控制等因素造成的轮廓误,针对多轴联动CNC机床伺服采用交叉耦合参数选择困难及稳定不强等问题,提出了一种交叉耦合轮廓补偿的控制方法,建立了交叉耦合轮廓误差补偿的模型,搭建了x轴、y轴及z轴仿真实验平台,仿真实验结果表明,轮廓误差补偿的算法使用交叉耦合误差补偿算法进行控制,可以大大减小轮廓误差,提高插补控制精度,也减小数控插补系统的单轴震动,对其他数控插补过程具有借鉴意义。     

数控机床径向运动误差的形成机理及补偿方法研究

研究数控机床圆周插补运动径向误差的形成机理,并提出一种误差软件补偿方法。分别用圆轨迹运动误差测试仪和圆度仪测出数控机床圆周插补运动的径向误差,对该误差建立计算机误差补偿模型,应用该模型进行软件补偿实验研究。实验结果验证了误差形成机理的分析,同时表明提出的误差软件补偿方法能有效地提高数控机床的圆轨迹精度。     

机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制

为了降低数控机床几何误差,提升加工精度,提出机械制造业数控机床几何误差自动控制方法。通过激光跟踪仪辨识机械制造业数控机床的几何误差,采用快速定位补偿算法与圆弧插补补偿算法相结合的方法补偿数控机床几何误差。利用计算机辅助制造软件生成刀位文件,依据刀位文件生成数控机床加工程序,通过补偿控制器生成数控机床各轴运动的控制指令,数控机床伺服系统接收控制指令后,自动控制数控机床各轴运动,以达到数控机床几何误差自动控制的目的。实验结果表明,采用该方法自动控制数控机床几何误差后,方向与角度的几何误差分别低于0.03 mm与0.1°,实际应用效果较好。     

五轴线性插补中非线性误差补偿方法

以A-C双摆头五轴数控机床为研究对象,通过对机床的运动学求解,分析了五轴数控机床在加工过程中非线性误差产生机理并建立了非线性误差的数学模型。通过齐次坐标变换的方法,推导出计算加工过程中刀尖点实际位置的数学表达式以及其反计算公式。针对五轴数控机床的旋转轴运动所产生的非线性误差,提出了一种反求插补点的补偿方法。从五轴数控加工旋转中心位置插补算法角度考虑降低非线性误差的方法,通过理论刀尖点位置来反求旋转中心的插补的位置,使实际刀尖点更多地落在理论插补路径上。利用MATLAB进行实际数据的仿真验证,结果表明所提出方法能将非线性误差有效控制在加工允差内,可显著提高五轴数控系统的轨迹控制精度,可见本文所提出方法具有较好的可行性和实际应用价值。     

钛合金细长轴有限元仿真及补偿技术

针对航空产品钛合金细长轴加工精度达不到工艺要求的难点,提出对钛合金细长轴进行有限元仿真,通过建立细长轴有限元模型,求解出不同节点处的位移值,根据各节点位移值拟合误差补偿曲线,由误差补偿曲线推导出细长轴误差补偿公式并设计数控插补算法对细长轴进行补偿,最后采用该方法在数控机床上进行验证。结果表明:该方法能提高细长轴加工的误差并降低细长轴加工报废率。     

数控机床三维空间几何误差补偿方法

为了提高数控机床的加工精度,在系统分析数控机床几何误差常用补偿方法基础上,提出了基于数控系统插补数据的几何误差补偿方法,并将误差补偿功能集成于国产数控系统中,以提高国产数控系统的综合性能。通过实验与仿真结果表明,数控系统插补数据的几何误差补偿方案能显著提高数控机床的加工精度。     

可配置型五坐标B样条插补控制器的研制

针对采用五轴联动数控机床的线性插补功能进行数控加工存在的不足,提出了一种B样条插补控制策略用于五轴联动数控机床以实现复杂曲面零部件的高速高精数控加工。参考开放式、模块化体系结构控制器(OMAC)标准,开发了具有B样条插补功能的五轴联动数控机床运动控制器。该控制器将控制任务按照实时性要求进行划分。人机交互、代码解析及参数映射关系构造等过程离线完成,插补运算、离散逻辑控制及逆运动学变换等过程由实时线程执行,保证了数控系统的硬实时性。为简化NC程序的编制过程,控制器设计为接收工件坐标系下的加工信息。通过开发适应各种形式数控机床的逆运动学变换模块,并将机床参数设计为可用户定制,使得控制器具有良好的通用性。在控制器内部建立NC程序文件中位置曲线和方位曲线间的参数映射关系,使得机床平动轴与转动轴间的运动规划符合实际加工要求,并可保证加工精度。实际加工实验中,在采用B样条插补算法的NC程序量降低为线性插补NC程序量15%倍时,其插补误差为线性插补误差的45%,控制器插补精度为0.68,表明该B样条插补控制器可以满足五坐标数控加工的要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.