The impact of supplier visions on product development

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从IC产业发展看知识经济与知识产业

现代电子系统对经典电子系统的激励冲撞给人类带来了极大好处，与此同时，也带来了极大的困惑，不只是技术上的困惑，更大是观念上的困惑。IC从且变到而空六十年代出现的IC（集成电路）是电子技术发展史上的里程碑。如此重要的历史意义只是近十年多年来才意识到的。这是因为IC并不会满足电路的集成，不会满足摩尔先生揭示的量变集成规律，它还要变成一个吞噬专家知识的黑洞。从电路集成发展到如今的知识集成，体现了IC从量变到质变的过程。llC发展的历史IC从诞生之日到现在已历经了4个技术年代，即电路集成（CI）、功能集成FI、技术集…     

基于SWOT分析的我国民营快递业发展问题探讨

随着电子商务以及网购的日益盛行,国内货运业务呈现出爆炸式增长,这给国内民营快递企业带来了前所未有的机遇。但民营快递企业以低成本加盟连锁方式虽然在短时间内能够得以快速的扩张,但其低水平的服务和自主经营、自负盈亏的运作方式,已经成为约束民营快递行业快速发展的瓶颈。因此,如何与国外快递业巨头和国有快递企业抗衡,已经成为关乎我国民营快递行业生死存亡的难题。论文通过SWOT分析法对民营快递企业进行了全面而又深入分析,最后对民营快递企业的发展提出了一些建设性的建议,希望对民营快递业走出困境并健康发展有所帮助。     

The knowledge contribution of engineers to software development: acase study

The focus of the authors is on the domain knowledge advantage of end user prototyping (EUP). The authors present the case history of an industrial engineer in an aluminum manufacturing company who becomes a sophisticated user of microcomputers and successfully prototypes an expert decision support system. Previous work in the field is extended and enhanced, and how EUP builds upon the domain knowledge possessed by end users, and thereby overcomes the domain knowledge deficiency of software engineers, is demonstrated. When compared to rapid prototyping by software engineers, prototyping by end users enables more effective utilization of domain knowledge     

Collaborating with suppliers in product development: a US and Japancomparative study

Despite its risks, an increasing number of buyers share design work with their suppliers. However, the outsourcing of design work has been relatively neglected in the literature. Based on mail survey data from 174 US and 122 Japanese automotive component suppliers with product design capability, this study investigates the degree of supplier involvement in design and the factors leading to supplier involvement. The two strongest predictors of the degree of early supplier involvement in design in both Japan and the United States are the degree of technological uncertainty and supplier technical capabilities. Automotive companies are more likely to outsource designs of high uncertainty and select suppliers of high technical capability for design outsourcing. Technological uncertainty also has interaction effects-in the United States, high uncertainty makes customers want to give greater design responsibility to highly technically capable suppliers and those who are most dependent on them as a percent of supplier sales. Overall, the study supports notions of convergence between the US and Japanese supplier management practices in joint product development     

The impact of new product development acceleration approaches on speed and profitability: lessons for pioneers and fast followers

This work investigates the impact of nine new product development (NPD) acceleration approaches (supplier involvement, lead user involvement, speeding up activities and tasks, reduction of parts and components, training and rewarding of employees, implementation of support systems and techniques, stimulating interfunctional cooperation, emphasis on the customer, and simplification of organizational structure) on development speed and new product profitability. Our findings from 233 manufacturing firms show that lead user involvement and training/rewarding of employees increase both development speed and profitability. Supplier involvement, speeding up activities and tasks, and a simplification of the organizational structure also enhance development speed, while an emphasis on the customer has an additional positive impact on new product profitability. Both new product speed and profitability increase firm financial performance. Our results further show that pioneers and fast followers should not select the same NPD acceleration approaches as the speed and profitability impact of the majority of the acceleration approaches depends on the new product strategy of the firm. These results are important as they provide guidance for pioneers and fast followers regarding which NPD acceleration approaches to select in order to enhance speed and profitability and, hence, firm financial performance.     

移动虚拟社区发展策略研究

移动虚拟社区的发展必须在统一的平台构架下与增值业务相结合,才能积累社区价值,发挥社区的作用.探讨我国电信运营商发展移动虚拟社区业务的一系列策略问题,包括平台建设策略、增值业务融合策略、品牌选择策略和促销策略.     

Enhancing technological capability through supplier development: a study of the UK aerospace industry

The current trend in the manufacturing industry is for large companies to focus on core competencies and to outsource more design and manufacture. Combined with the rationalization of the supplier base, this has meant that companies are increasingly dependent on key suppliers to continue providing competitive subsystems and subassemblies which incorporate advanced product and process technology. Suppliers in turn are reliant on their customers for information for innovation. This paper discusses the potential to enhance the technological capability of the supply network through supplier development (SD) schemes. Case studies of SD in the UK aerospace and defense sectors are presented in order to establish whether SD is enhancing technological capability in small companies in the UK supply base. The formal processes of SD are found to have little direct impact on supplier technological capability, but instead have an important indirect effect-primarily through strengthening relevant communication channels. There remains an opportunity for large companies to utilize SD to promote better technology management practices.     

The impact of lead-free legislation exemptions on the electronics industry

The European Union's Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment legislation requires manufacturers to reduce the disposal waste of electronic products by reuse, recycling, and other forms of recovery. To enhance the possibilities and economic profitability of recycling, elimination of hazardous materials from the electrical and electronic equipments was proposed under the supplementary directive, the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This directive bans lead and other hazardous substances in electronics products by July 2006. However, a number of exemptions indicated in these legislations could impact different industry sectors and product categories. In this paper, the underlying basis of the legislation and the various exemptions are presented. The relevance and significance of the exemptions to the electronics industry is then analyzed and recommendations are given.     

Technology development and integration: an empirical study of theinteraction between applied science and product development

The authors report on the results of an empirical study of the development of products based on novel technologies. Their observations are based on field investigations of recent projects performed by all leading mainframe computer producers. All projects focused on the development of advanced technologies for a specific product application, and probed deeply into its science base. The results indicate striking differences in development lead time and R&D productivity between different groups of firms. The authors relate the development performance of the projects to managerial and organizational structures and processes for the integration of new technology     

无线产业的发展与未来

9月2日～3日,2009中国无线技术与应用大会将在北京举行,这是我国无线业界的一次盛会。为此,本期杂志特推出“无线技术与应用”专题,期望共同推动我国无线产业的繁荣发展。     

The impact of cultural styles on negotiation: a case study ofSpaniards and Danes

This study comparing Spanish and Danish negotiation styles suggests that culture-specific factors are critical in understanding multicultural communication. Although the two groups received identical training in negotiation styles, they retained key differences in terms of topic allocation, verbal immediacy and topic progression; the Spanish were substantially more people-oriented, whereas the Danish were substantially more task-oriented. These results suggest that the two groups of negotiators would view each other's negotiating styles critically because of the differences in their cultural styles     

Structural analysis of the impact of knowledge creation and knowledge embedding on software process capability

Improving the capability of the development process has emerged as an important strategy for addressing recurring problems in software development, such as poor quality, high development costs, and long delivery lead times. While a number of normative software process models have been proposed, limited theory development has occurred. This study adopts a knowledge management perspective to examine the antecedents of software process capability. Synthesizing prior research in total quality management (TQM), software engineering and knowledge management, it is posited that creation of process knowledge and embedding the knowledge in the process are important antecedents of software process capability. Two models that relate these antecedents to software process capability are tested using data collected from information systems (IS) units in Fortune 1000 firms. The first model is a direct-impact model, which posits that both knowledge creation and knowledge embedding have a direct and positive impact on software process capability. The second model is a mediated-impact model, which posits that knowledge embedding completely mediates the relationships between knowledge creation and software process capability. The results provide strong support to the mediated-impact model suggesting that the extent to which knowledge is embedded in the process has a significant positive effect on software process capability. The results also suggest that the stock of knowledge embedded in the process is influenced by the extent to which knowledge is created in the context of the development process. Implications of these findings for IS research, theory, and practice are discussed.     

试析电子网络商务对区域经济发展的影响

在经济飞速发展的今天,人们日常生活离不开网络购物,在电子信息技术水平发达的大前提下,便捷的电子商务网络系统也让人们足不出户,也可以轻松享受生活,所以,电子网络商务对一个区域经济的发展情况尤为重要。     

The taxonomy and evolution of technology strategies: a study of Taiwan's high-technology-based firms

The purpose of this paper is to study the strategic technology choices of Taiwan's high-technology-based firms and their impacts on performance. Cluster analyses were used to classify the firms into different groups based on four strategic tradeoffs, including the balance of product mix, the degree of research and development involvement, the breadth of technology scope, and the institutional sources of innovation. Six distinct technology strategies were then derived statistically; they were classified as opportunistic subcontractors, plural marketers, technological explorers, focused branders, hierarchical controllers, and professional subcontractors. Our study demonstrated that most of the firms remain in the same technology group over time. Yet, shifts in the firms' technology strategies are likely, notably the movement to the groups of opportunistic subcontractors and professional subcontractors. We also found that a relatively large group of firms shifted their strategies from groups of hierarchical controllers and professional subcontractors to the opportunistic subcontractors group, and from the plural marketers group to the focused branders group. In terms of profit differentials of technology groups, we found that, during an economic boom, technological explorers and focused branders had higher financial performance. In an economic recession, hierarchical controllers and professional subcontractors maintained higher profit margins. Conversely, throughout the period of study, opportunistic subcontractors had consistently poor financial performance.     

The impact of Transformational and Authentic leadership on innovation in higher education: The contingent role of knowledge sharing

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two leadership styles – Transformational and Authentic leadership on process and product innovation in higher education institutions in Jordan. We also examine how the effect of these leadership styles fluctuates based on the extent to which knowledge sharing is prevailing norm in an institution. We examine our suggested model in higher education institutions in the north of Jordan and utilize structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques for data analysis. Findings reveal that Transformational leadership and Knowledge sharing have a positive impact on the innovativeness of higher education institutions in Jordan. On the other hand, Authentic leadership does not show any support for innovativeness in the higher education sector in a non-western country like Jordan. In addition, knowledge sharing norms significantly moderate the effect of Transformational leadership but exhibited no moderating influence on the effect of Authentic leadership.     

Technology adoption, product design, and process change: a casestudy in the machine tool industry

The experience of the machine tool industry suggests that many manufacturing organizations are reexamining their manufacturing processes and technologies in response both to the need to gain flexibility and efficiency in their operations and to a rising awareness of resource costs and environmental concerns. The adoption of new technologies, especially technologies which reduce material requirements and waste, will require organizations to rethink how they design and manufacture their products. Changes in product and process design will affect the technologies and operations of numerous organizations along the production supply chain. Through a case study of the machine tool industry, this paper explores the impacts of the adoption of forming technology instead of conventional cutting technology on the production of selected metal parts. This paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, the costs, technical advantages, and environmental compatibility of cutting and forming technologies are profiled. Forming technology is shown to provide substantial savings in raw material, energy and waste disposal over cutting technology for a class of high-volume metal parts. The second part explores the changes in part and process design which occur when forming technology is adopted for parts which have traditionally been made by cutting. The costs of these design changes must be balanced against the environmental savings. The third part explores the extent to which changes due to the adoption of new forming technology ripple along the production supply chain to suppliers and other upstream organizations     

The impact of supercomputers on IC technology development and design

Very large scale integration (VLSI) has evolved at an enormous rate, progressing from hundreds of components on an integrated circuit (IC) in the 1960's to a million components on a chip in the foreseeable future. This paper reviews some of the computer-aided design (CAD) tools that are essential for VLSI technology development and circuit design and that also require large amounts of computer resources. Specifically, we describe programs for process simulation, device simulation, and circuit simulation. This paper also reviews the impact of high-performance computing facilities on the development and use of these programs at AT & T Bell Laboratories.