Control and care: landlords and the governance of vulnerable tenants in houses in multiple occupation

Houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) in which tenants share facilities are housing an increasing proportion of vulnerable adults who have limited affordable housing options. However, knowledge about how these types of property are managed is limited. In this paper, we examine the governance function of HMO landlords from the perspective of landlords/landlord agents and the tenants that live within their properties. The landlord exercises control through formal and informal risk assessment of tenants and close surveillance of them. These control mechanisms may also involve direct or indirect provision of support and care to some tenants. This illustrates the complex relationship between care and control and the extent to which both are integral to the housing management of vulnerable tenants living in HMOs. We suggest that this dual function calls for a critical examination of what constitutes a ‘good landlord’.     

Owner organizations’ value-creation strategies through environmental certification of buildings

The existing literature (mostly referencing heuristics of the valuation profession) provides little evidence on how property owners and managers themselves perceive value creation from environmental certification (EC) of buildings. To address this issue, questionnaire and interview data from non-residential EC building owners in Sweden are gathered and related in a ‘strategy map’ that explains their perceived value creation from EC. The mapping process also considers the four standard perspectives of the balanced scorecard, prompting researchers and owners to evaluate EC in terms of its contribution to long-term strategy, measuring it according to financial and non-financial metrics of organizational performance. The study confirmed that tenant demand is an important EC driver for property owners (particularly for large organizations) and therefore that increased EC awareness amongst tenants is important for EC and for further value creation. It was found that tool developers, property owners and valuers could all benefit from more closely aligning valuers’ documentation requirements with those for accreditation with EC tools. Energy efficiency contributes significantly to value creation, but owners use energy management programs in addition to EC, possibly as a result of the performance gap phenomenon.     

历史风貌建筑的保护与创新

对集美学村历史风貌建筑的外部形态、装饰特征进行研究，以及在危房翻建中所进行的设计探索，总结了承载学村文化、延续历史文脉的经验，并对历史风貌建筑的保护与创新提出了思考。     

甘肃建筑的传统与创造

对传统的定义作了简要说明,着重对甘肃建筑的传统与创造进行了阐述,并结合实例加以诠释,指出甘肃建筑的创作要考虑不断变化着的人民大众的情感,不能仅仅是重复,还应为传统创造出新的内容。     

Indoor environmental quality,occupant satisfaction,and acute building‐related health symptoms in Green Mark‐certified compared with non‐certified office buildings

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become an important component of green building certification schemes. While green buildings are expected to provide enhanced IEQ, higher occupant satisfaction, and less risks of occupant health when compared with non‐green buildings, the literature suggests inconsistent evidence due to diverse research design, small sample size, and weak statistical analysis. This study compared several outcomes pertinent to IEQ performance in green and non‐green office buildings in Singapore. Adopting a cross‐sectional study design, objective measurements were taken in eight green and six non‐green buildings, and satisfaction and acute health symptom risks of 367 occupants were obtained. Green buildings exhibited lower concentration of PM2.5, bacteria, and fungi and maintained temperature and humidity more consistently compared to non‐green counterparts. The mean ratings for satisfaction with temperature, humidity, lighting level, air quality, and indoor environment were higher in green buildings (with statistical significance P < 0.05). There was statistically significant reduction in risk of occupants having headache, unusual fatigue, and irritated skin in green buildings. Although matching of buildings and occupant characteristics, survey participation bias, and sampling duration (a 1‐week snapshot) of IEQ monitoring remain as limitations, this study offered positive association of green buildings with qualitatively and quantitatively measured performance of IEQ.     

Value creation in projects: Towards a narrative perspective

It is contended that value is a social construct, and that the processes of social construction are rooted in language. On this basis we argue that value creation is a process which lends itself to interpretation from a narrative perspective. Previous attempts at value creation have been promoted under the label of ‘value management’. There are two approaches which are identifiable in the literature. The first is based on the traditional narrative of value engineering (aka Hard VM) and is primarily directed towards cost reduction. The second more recent variant is labelled ‘soft’ value management (Soft VM) and is primarily directed towards the achievement of a shared understanding of the value criteria relating to an individual project. The two approaches are critiqued in terms of their underlying assumptions and it is suggested that they are best understood as different forms of narrative. The emerging literature on value creation is similarly critiqued in accordance with the adopted narrative perspective. The distinction is made between formalised narratives of value on the level of the organisations involved in the project coalition and the anecdotal stories which individuals use to make sense of their own lived experiences. Emphasis is given to the ways in which different narratives interact, and to the way in which they remain contestable over time. Particular attention is given to the confluence between storytelling and identity work.     

The development of life-cycle costing for buildings

The history of the application of life-cycle costing (LCC) began in the UK in the late 1950s and, until now, the state of its development as a concept is not clear. A literature review is presented that shows the changing approaches to LCC by drawing on four major academic journals and 45 peer-reviewed papers. The review verifies that there is a revival of interest in using LCC in tandem with other life-cycle methodologies for research on sustainable building. It also presents a set of methods that are applicable to model and estimate the life-cycle costs of ‘conventional’ and ‘green’ buildings with the objective of distinguishing them. Through the information gathered, it provides a centralized source of reference for the assumptions used in LCC calculations concerning some key input parameters. The finding shows an increasing trend of publications on the evaluation of economic options for green building designs and performance. The directions are clear that the concepts and methods have to evolve to a state where they will help to integrate and optimize economic, social and environmental considerations to deliver more sustainable built environments in the future.     

创新建筑施工企业项目价值管理

对建筑施工企业项目成本管理的价值取向及价值管理的核心作了论述,并就创新项目成本管理的途径和管理的几个核心阶段作出总结,最后指出了创新项目经营成果在实践中的体现。     

关于施工企业人力资源管理创新的探讨

阐述了企业人力资源管理的重要性,分析了传统人力资源管理中存在的问题,提出了企业人力资源管理创新的多种措施,以使人力资源管理充分发挥其战略作用,实现个人与企业的共同目标。     

废旧物品在景观营造中的文化情节

通过对废旧物品生命内容的研究，挖掘废旧物品的文化情感价值，探讨将其应用于景观营造中的设计方法。以实现社会和环境的可持续发展。     

Value creation dynamics in a project alliance

Project alliance requires all parties to work together in good faith, share project risks, and make unanimous decisions for the betterment of the project. A key feature of successful implementation of a project alliance is a focus on value creation and value for money. This paper proposes a qualitative system dynamics model to specify and explain dynamics of value creation processes in the context of project alliance. By synthesizing the existing literature and reports on project alliancing, this paper identifies four processes that have a strong influence on the value created in the project alliance context: work progression, rework, redesign and innovation, and rescheduling. In addition, we show how these value creation processes are interrelated and evolve over time. The effectiveness of these processes is influenced by the capability and motivation of the project alliance partners to discover works that do not fully utilize the available resources, and make quick decisions to capture these benefits.     

新时代建筑美学意义探寻

针对当前部分建筑形象丧失了作为人类生存内在基础的意义深度,淡漠了建筑初始含义的现状,通过对中国建筑现象进行分析,提出了重新建立建筑审美观的思路,进而还原建筑作为实体最初的美学意义。     

环境保护与建筑节能的相关性研究

能源危机、环境破坏是当今社会重要的课题之一。建筑能耗占社会总能的30％-40％。建筑节能有利于节约资源、节省能源,进而减少对环境的破坏。环境保护与建筑节能密切相关。     

装饰材料商店建筑的防火设计

针对装饰材料商店建筑防火设计,根据工程实际情况,探索出较为合理的防火方案,指出装饰材料商店建筑可燃物较少,可采用相对灵活简便的消防设备,如消防卷盘、灭火器等,同时应加强消防安全管理.     

Significance of mobility in the life-cycle assessment of buildings

While most life-cycle assessments of buildings have focused on construction and use phases, the location of a building can significantly affect the transportation demand of its inhabitants. The life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of two representative buildings in Lisbon, Portugal, are compared: an apartment building in the city centre and a semidetached house in a suburban area. An integrated approach is used to conduct a life-cycle analysis that includes building construction, building use and user transportation. Sensitivity analyses are used to evaluate impacts for multiple locations. For the apartment, building use accounted for the largest share of energy and emissions (63–64%), while for the house, most (51–57%) of the energy and emissions were associated with user transportation. Energy and GHG emissions for suburban locations were significantly higher (by 55–115%) than those in the city-centre locations, largely due to individuals commuting by car. The analysis demonstrates the significance of transportation and highlights the importance of residence location in urban planning and environmental assessments. These results are likely to apply to other southern European cities that have expanded with significant growth in car ownership and use. To improve urban sustainability, development strategies should consider the transport infrastructure in addition to building efficiency.     

价值工程在烂尾楼项目投资中的运用

价值工程是在对产品功能、成本进行有组织的分析基础上,根据相应的功能配值相应的成本,达到优化资源、降低成本的目的,它最初应用于产品开发设计领域,近年来在建筑领域也开始运用,但在烂尾楼复工项目中的运用尚属鲜见,文中结合具体实例探索其具体运用方法,并阐述使用效果和注意事项。     

园林中古典建筑的保护方法与技术研究

对园林中的重要组成要素——古典建筑进行了介绍,并从园林中古典建筑的价值、现状、保护方法和技术等方面进行了分析,提出了需要解决的问题及相应措施,阐述了古建筑合理开发与利用的途径,以期古为今用。     

Evaluation of environmental design strategies for university buildings

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the performance of environmental strategies in seven recently constructed or refurbished university buildings in the UK. These buildings contain a range of administrative spaces, classrooms, libraries and studios, reflecting their often complex, multi-use, heterogeneous nature. The key features of each environmental strategy are described (including passive, mixed-mode or active systems), in the context of the occupants and spaces they serve and the level of interaction that they afford. Energy performance and occupant thermal comfort (assessed by user surveys) are analysed and compared with studies of other non-domestic buildings, which have typically focused on more predictable single administrative uses (e.g. government offices), and unusually effective operation scenarios (e.g. continuous monitoring by expert building managers). The paper concludes by examining two of the case studies that reflect an increasingly common model of ‘flexible’ environmental design in more detail, identifying key features of the strategies for each building that have had a significant impact on their performance. The design assumptions leading to these features will be explored, and key lessons identified, contributing towards the development of a more robust evidential basis for choosing appropriate environmental strategies for university and other non-domestic buildings in the UK.     

建筑业伙伴关系重建与价值创造

通过构建合作博弈模型,发现三方合作博弈的利益分配具有均衡解,即三方的合作可以有效实现。同时提出了承包商促进分包商合作、业主推动承包商与分包商合作及价值创造的有效途径。     

北方采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案设计

结合既有居住建筑节能改造工作的实践经验,得出地方政府支持力度不够、居民百姓出资意愿不高、其他主体投资兴趣不大是导致既有居住建筑节能改造融资困难的主要障碍。运用市场生命周期理论,按照既有居住建筑节能改造市场产生、成长、成熟三个阶段,相应提出了设置节能改造专项资金、合同能源管理,碳汇融资,BOT,信托融资、股权融资,债券融资,项目融资,商业性贷款,内源融资等既有居住建筑节能改造融资方案。