Unified dynamic absorber design formulas for wind-induced vibration control of tall buildings

The objective of this paper is to establish some unified design formulas for various kinds of passive dynamic absorber for wind-induced vibration control of tall buildings. A total of five different passive dynamic absorbers (TMD, TLCD, LCVA, C-TLD and R-TLD) are considered in this study. Firstly, unified equations of motion for the building–absorber system under wind-induced excitation are presented. A set of unified formulas for the optimal properties and the equivalent damping ratios for these five dynamic absorbers are then derived analytically. The Shanghai Central Plaza, which is a thirty-nine-story reinforced-concrete building, is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure and to verify the accuracy of the unified approach. The results show that these unified formulas provide direct performance evaluation and comparison between the five dynamic absorbers for the control of wind-induced vibration of tall buildings. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flexible Planning And Flexible Buildings: Reusing Redundant Office Space

ABSTRACT: London entered the 1990s with the combination of an unprecedented oversupply of office space and severe shortages of affordable housing. As part of its approach to increase the supply of affordable housing, central government suggested that local authorities encourage converting empty office buildings into housing. This also was seen as a way to reduce commuting and thereby to meet targets of environmental “sustainability”. However, the research reported here shows that conversion is unlikely to become a major source of housing supply unless planning policies become more flexible, office buildings are of the appropriate type, and building owners are prepared to accept the scale of their financial losses. In the long run, a more flexible approach to building design and construction is necessary to ensure that buildings can be converted easily when demands arise for new uses.     

单重和多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器控制连体超高层建筑风振响应比较研究

连体超高层建筑因存在强烈的气动干扰,在强风下可能会出现大幅相对振动,调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI)是一种振动控制装置,其惯容器两端的相对加速度较大时,TMDI振动控制效果较好.结合两者各自的特点提出了多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器(MTMDI)控制连体超高层建筑的风振响应,两个TMDI分别控制两栋建筑各自的一阶自振频率.首先建...     

江西省某办公建筑的行为节能分析

目前我国建筑运行能耗约占我国全社会总能耗的30％,建筑节能降耗是摆在我们面前的重要课题。笔者通过对江西省某办公建筑电能消耗特点的研究分析,找出其用能不合理之处,进而提出节能管理方法,力求无成本或低成本的节能改造,降低建筑的能源消耗。     

Tuned-pendulum mass damper installed in crystal tower

A new damper to reduce the lateral vibration of buildings has been developed and installed in a 37-story office building: Crystal Tower, Osaka. The tower has a slender proportion of height—width ratio 6. The damper can decrease wind-induced motion by 50%. Crystal Tower is the first high-rise building with this damper in Japan, and the damper weight, 540 tons (1190 kips), is large compared with others in use elsewhere in the world. The damper is a pendulum-type tuned-mass damper and the ice thermal storage tanks for air conditioning are used as the moving mass of the damper. The TMD of Crystal Tower, therefore, needs no additional mass weight nor space for installing. This paper presents some intrinsic features of the damper and demonstrates how simple and practical the damper is. Special considerations are given both to the connecting joints between the tank and the building and also to the sloshing behavior of the liquid contents. Typhoon and earthquake records observed in Crystal Tower have proved that the damper works as well as expected.     

辅助冷却复合地源热泵可行性及设计方法研究

针对某些地区室内供冷供热负荷不平衡的现象,对复合地源热泵系统在大型商业建筑和办公建筑的可行性进行了理论分析。并以邯郸地区某一办公建筑为例,对其初投资、运行费用等方面进行初步算例分析。分析表明在较炎热气候条件下,辅助冷却的地源热泵系统具有较少的初投资、改善机组运行性能等方而的优越性。同时,对传统复合地源热泵的设计方法进行了比较,用计算实例说明校正设计方法能够减少初投资和降低能耗。     

基于BIM平台的绿色办公建筑早期设计决策观念模型

建筑信息模型（BIM）是当今建筑业蓬勃发展的一项数字化建模技术。作为一个建筑的信息共享资源,BIM可以在整个建筑生命周期内给予从业人员有效的设计决策支持。该文选取办公建筑这一常见建筑类型,探讨建立基于BIM技术早期绿色办公建筑设计决策观念模型。该观念模型包括早期设计信息初步模型与优化模型两大阶段模型,结合绿色办公建筑环境性能评价体系和BIM软件在早期设计阶段评估优化设计方案,旨在为建筑师提供准确和便捷的设计决策支持,提高绿色办公建筑设计质量。     

健康视角下联合办公楼通话空间设计策略初探

分析联合办公楼在发展过程中呈现的办公模式、空间特征和声音干扰问题,为建设良好声环境提供借鉴。通过案例调研与文献综述,归纳分析联合办公使用者对声环境的需求以及声音干扰的影响,探索声音干扰问题产生的源头与使用者交流需求之间的密切相关性。基于此,提出在联合办公楼中设置通话空间,通过这种私密交流空间来缓解使用者被动接受声音干扰的问题;进而,研究基于联合办公楼的健康声环境分析通话空间的营造策略,具体从设计思路、空间布局、建造方式、外部尺寸与隔音设置这5个方面展开设计策略内容。     

A hybrid decision support system for sustainable office building renovation and energy performance improvement

Energy consumption of buildings accounts for around 20-40% of all energy consumed in advanced countries. Over the last decade, more and more global organizations are investing significant resources to create sustainably built environments, emphasizing sustainable building renovation processes to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This study develops an integrated decision support system to assess existing office building conditions and to recommend an optimal set of sustainable renovation actions, considering trade-offs between renovation cost, improved building quality, and environmental impacts. A hybrid approach that combines A* graph search algorithm with genetic algorithms (GA) is used to analyze all possible renovation actions and their trade-offs to develop the optimal solution. A two-stage system validation is performed to demonstrate the practical application of the hybrid approach: zero-one goal programming (ZOGP) and genetic algorithms are adopted to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. A real-world renovation project is introduced to validate differences in energy performance projected for the renovation solution suggested by the system. The results reveal that the proposed hybrid system is more computationally effective than either ZOGP or GA alone. The system's suggested renovation actions would provide substantial energy performance improvements to the real project if implemented.     

珠三角高层办公建筑空中庭院的疗愈作用研究

高密度布局是我国中心城市的基本形态,在中心城区的CBD区域,存在大量高层办公建筑。这些办公楼内的都市白领普遍面临着巨大压力,其中高强度工作的心理压力及长时间伏案工作的生理压力使大部分都市白领处于“亚健康”状态,甚至受到生理心理疾病的威胁。而疗愈是指“压力的缓解以及环境抚慰、恢复一个人的心理和情绪健康的能力”,而非强调能够治疗疾病的能力。因此,研究办公建筑的疗愈环境具有重要意义。空中庭院作为新型的城市设计语汇被应用在高层建筑尤其是办公建筑中,其纾解生理心理压力的作用已得到初步证实。针对研究目的,借助虚拟现实技术,搭配经典情绪评价量表及实时生理检测设备构建实验,探究空中庭院的空间形式、空间界面和天空可见性对白领健康的疗愈作用。通过统计分析生理和心理两方面的实验数据,探讨空中庭院的疗愈效益及各要素对疗愈效益大小的影响,得出若干对办公建筑具有疗愈作用的空中庭院设计建议。     

重庆市各类典型公共建筑节能改造效益分析

该文根据重庆市已启动实施的68个国家机关办公建筑与大型公共建筑改造示范项目,对办公、商场、文化教育等三大类建筑节能改造中各单项改造成本、年节约费用进行统计分析,并对这三大类建筑在财政资金补助前后的投资回收期进行对比分析,总结提出了节能改造效益较好的建筑类型,以期有效指导公共建筑节能改造工作。     

Control of wind-induced vibration of long-span bridges and tall buildings

With the rapid increase in scales of structures, research on controlling wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, such as long-span bridges and super-tall buildings, has been an issue of great concern. For wind-induced vibration of large-scale structures, vibration frequencies and damping modes vary with wind speed. Passive, semiactive, and active control strategies are developed to improve the wind-resistance performance of the structures in this paper. The multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) system is applied to control vertical bending buffeting response. A new semiactive lever-type tuned mass damper (TMD) with an adjustable frequency is proposed to control vertical bending buffeting and torsional buffeting and flutter in the whole velocity range of bridge decks. A control strategy named sinusoidal reference strategy is developed for adaptive control of wind-induced vibration of super-tall buildings. Multiple degrees of freedom general building aeroelastic model with a square cross-section is tested in a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies can reduce vibration effectively, and can adapt to wind-induced vibration control of large-scale structures in the uncertain dynamic circumstance.     

The Carbon Cost of Work—Impacts of Office Building and Commuting Energy in Sydney Workplaces

We investigate greenhouse emissions of office workers in Sydney, drawing on census data, national building energy benchmarks as well as journey-to-work and energy data from two study buildings. Comparing work locations in the central business district (CBD) and Macquarie Park Corridor with metro-wide averages, we find that building emissions dominate over commuting emissions across the city, but commuting is increasingly important as building energy efficiency increases. Furthermore, our results indicate that efforts to improve a building's energy efficiency at Macquarie Park are largely negated by high reliance on car travel despite the introduction of the Epping–Chatswood train line. We conclude that improving building energy efficiency, office space utilisation and network connectivity (currently evident only in the CBD) delivers the best opportunity to reducing the carbon cost of workplaces.     

某办公大楼中央空调节能改造分析

在现代建筑中,空调的能耗常常占全楼总能耗的40～50%,空调系统节能改造对建筑的节能减排具有重要的意义。本文结合一座高层办公建筑的中央空调的运行情况,提出了相应的节能改造方案。     

高层建筑钢结构基于风振响应和动力特性的优化设计

高层建筑的风致响应和等效静力荷载虽然可以通过风洞试验和动力分析有效的加以确定,在结构设计的整个过程中这些等效风力却往往被当作常数来应用。本文提出了一个结合气动风力分析和结构刚度优化的自动化技术。在结构设计中利用这个技术,可以在优化结构刚度和最小化结构造价的同时,实时检查和更新作用在建筑结构上的等效风荷载。一个几何尺度与航空研究共同顾问理事会(CAARC)建议的建筑模型一致的钢框架结构被用来进行风力分析和结构优化的例子。结果表明这个技术不但能在满足位移设计要求的情况下优化结构刚度降低造价,而且也降低了作用在结构上的等效风力。     

Goal directed life cycle costing as a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of office buildings with conventional and TI‐façades

Transparent insulation systems (TI‐systems) of less than 20cm thick have been developed as an alternative to opaque wall insulation and windows, which provide a financial return to building occupants when applied to building façades. Lack of detailed cost analysis of TI‐systems is a major constraint to the application of TI‐wall and TI‐glazing in buildings. A goal directed life cycle costing (LCC) technique and sensitivity analysis used to evaluate the economic feasibility of TI‐applications in office buildings form the basis of this research. It was undertaken as part of research to determine optimum energy and cost performance of TI‐systems for external cladding of high‐rise and low‐rise office buildings in temperate and tropical climates. The LCC of the buildings with conventional façades were compared with those with TI‐façades. The results show that LCC can be used to evaluate the economic feasibility of low carbon technologies such as TI‐systems effectively. A detailed account is provided of how different sources of cost data can be captured, collected and integrated to perform selective goal directed LCC analysis in the absence of detailed historical LCC data. The use of the goal directed LCC method and cost influence diagram presented in this research can be adopted as a standard method for assessing the economic feasibility of applying low carbon technologies to buildings.     

济南地区某办公楼能耗模拟与节能研究

如今,办公建筑已成为社会的主要建筑类型。办公建筑也随之成为了能耗大户,如何对办公建筑降低能耗成为如今的必要思考。本文选取济南地区某一办公建筑,利用DeST软件对其能耗进行模拟,并与参照建筑进行对比,得到济南地区办公建筑降低能耗的实用规律,为今后办公建筑降低能耗,节能减排提供参考。     

Perception of vibration and occupant comfort in wind-excited tall buildings

Wind-induced building vibration can interfere with building occupants’ daily activities and general well-being. However, human perception of vibration and tolerance of wind-induced tall building vibration are essentially a subjective assessment. Hence, there is currently no single internationally accepted occupant comfort serviceability criteria which set a design standard for satisfactory levels of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings. This paper reviews past studies on human perception of vibration and tolerance thresholds of wind-induced tall building vibrations. Building vibration acceptability and occupant comfort criteria that have been commonly adopted for the assessment of occupant comfort in wind-excited tall buildings are outlined.     

受扰高层建筑的风致响应分析

受扰状态下高层建筑的静动力响应明显不同于单体建筑。以一实际姊妹塔楼为研究对象,根据风洞试验中获得的风压分布结果,计算塔楼结构的风致响应。风洞试验及结构响应计算不仅考虑了两栋塔楼同时存在的情况,还考虑一栋塔楼先期建成,另一塔楼尚未建造的情况。细致分析了不同风向下结构的平均及脉动位移响应、静动力干扰因子的特点。结果表明,施扰建筑位于受扰建筑正前方时具有最大的干扰效应,此时受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最小;而当受扰建筑处于施扰建筑下游时,在风向偏斜时,受扰塔楼的总位移峰值最大。     

Simplified formulas for evaluation of wind-induced interference effects among three tall buildings

The base-bending moment (BBM) response and the mean BBM of grouped high-rise buildings are studied by a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using the high-frequency force balance technique. Interference excitations of two upwind buildings with various heights in different upwind terrains are considered. An effective method is proposed to represent the distribution of the envelope interference factor (EIF) among three tall buildings. The results show that two upstream buildings cause more adverse dynamic effects on the downstream building than a single upstream building does. Significant correlations are found in the distributions of the interference factors of different configurations and upwind terrains. Relevant regression equations are proposed to simplify the complexity of the multi-parameter wind-induced mean and dynamic interference effects among three tall buildings. Finally, an example of how to use the data provided in this paper and the proposed methodology is presented.