VO2（M）控温包装薄膜制备的研究进展

二氧化钒(VO_2)纳米颗粒具有多种晶型结构,其单斜型半导体M相(VO_2(M))在接近室温时具有完全可逆的相转变性质,相变为四方金红石金属R相,从而引起光学性能的急剧变化,因而VO_2(M)可作为良好的阻热材料应用于控温包装薄膜领域。综述了VO_2(M)纳米颗粒和控温包装薄膜的制备方法,展望了VO_2(M)控温包装薄膜的研究方向。VO_2(M)纳米颗粒的传统制备方法有一步水热法和热分解法等,近年来也出现了新型制备方法,如籽晶诱导法和火焰燃烧法等;控温包装薄膜主要的制备方法为气相法和液相法。根据不同产品的温度需求,通过改变原料种类、温度及掺杂元素等工艺参数调节VO_2(M)纳米颗粒的相变温度,可制备出不同相变温度的VO_2控温包装薄膜。VO_2(M)控温包装薄膜作为一种高新科技产物,可以有效调控商品运输和储藏过程中包装内氛围,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于外加热激励源的中红外激光辐照VO2薄膜温升研究

VO_2薄膜在中红外激光防护领域有着重要意义。为研究中红外激光辐照VO_2薄膜的温升累积效应及克服中红外激光器功率过小的困难,设计了一种外加热激励源的实验方法。首先利用ANSYS软件对中红外纳秒脉冲激光在不同激励源温度和不同功率密度下辐照VO_2薄膜的温升累积进行仿真,并做了实际验证。研究发现,随着外加激励温度的升高,可在一定时间(100s)内达到VO_2相变温度的激光功率密度逐渐减小,通过增加功率密度,也可以进一步降低相变所需的激励源温度。两者均提高了VO_2薄膜的温升速率。然后在激励源温度为40℃、中红外激光功率密度为1 W/mm~2的条件下研究了中红外纳秒脉冲激光参数对VO_2薄膜的温升累积效应,结果表明,增加激光脉宽、增加重频或光斑半径均能有效增加VO_2薄膜的温升速率。     

二氧化钒薄膜智能窗的研究进展

二氧化钒具有良好的半导体-金属相变特性,在常温下,二氧化钒的晶体结构为单斜晶系结构(M相),随着温度的升高达到相变温度,二氧化钒的晶型变成四方晶红石结构(R相),当温度降低到相变温度时,二氧化钒的晶型又变回单斜晶系结构(M相)。这种典型可逆热色特征,使二氧化钒成为当前建筑用智能窗材料的最佳选择。综述了近些年来制备VO_2薄膜的几种常用方法,并针对VO_2薄膜在热色智能窗应用方面存在的主要问题,从掺杂和复合薄膜结构两方面总结了提高VO_2薄膜性能的改进工艺,为推进VO_2薄膜智能窗的进一步研究提供了依据。     

应用等离子体辉光监控反馈控制反应气体流量制备VO_2薄膜的研究（英文）

采用等离子体辉光监控系统(PEM)反馈控制反应溅射过程,在石英基底上制备出单斜相VO_2薄膜,并研究了反馈控制下反应溅射的等离子体相对辉光强度与氧气流量的关系。实验结果表明:在不同的反应压强(0.8 Pa、0.5 Pa、0.2 Pa)下,通过调整相对辉光强度值(REI)均可稳定获得单斜相VO_2薄膜,对应的REI值分别为0.6~0.65、0.65、0.6。XRD测试结果表明VO_2薄膜具有明显的(011)晶面取向,XPS测试结果表明薄膜的化学计量比为VO_(2.02)。VO_2薄膜在2.5μm处的变温透过率测试结果显示薄膜在相变前后的透过率变化达到65%,相变温度确定为66℃。     

晶格畸变对VO_2相变温度的影响

采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射在石英玻璃基片上成功制备了具有明显金属-绝缘体转变特性的多晶VO_2薄膜,其最低相变温度仅为32℃。X射线衍射结果表明沉积薄膜的晶体结构均为存在明显晶格畸变的VO_2(M),且薄膜(011)晶面间距越接近相变后VO_2(R)(110)晶面的晶面间距,相变温度越低。根据试验结果,利用从头算分子动力学分别对VO_2金属-绝缘体相变过程的晶体结构与态密度演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:随计算温度升高,不同(011)晶面间距绝缘态超胞的晶体结构均逐渐由VO_2(M)向VO_2(R)转变,同时伴随着禁带宽度的逐渐降低,最终转变为费米能级完全被电子占据的金属态;初始VO_2(M)超胞(011)面的晶面间距与相变后VO_2(R)(110)面的晶面间距之差越小,费米能级附近的禁带宽度也越小,这可能是导致VO_2金属-绝缘体转变温度降低的本质物理原因。     

脉冲激光沉积法制备VO_2热致变色薄膜研究进展

基于半导体和金属间的相变特性,伴随着温度、电场、压力的变化,具有相关智能特性的VO_2薄膜材料具有较大的应用潜力.本文主要阐述脉冲激光沉积技术在制备金属氧化物方面的物理过程和技术特点,详细介绍脉冲激光沉积制备VO_2薄膜材料的工艺参数和国内外研究进展,并与几种常规制备方法进行对比,给出脉冲激光沉积掺杂对VO_2薄膜材料特性的影响,以及采用脉冲激光沉积制备VO_2纳米材料,讨论了脉冲激光沉积制备具有智能特性的VO_2薄膜材料存在的问题和发展方向.     

浸渍法VO_2薄膜的相变

本文以VO(i-OC_2H_5)_3为原料采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍法在三种不同基片上制备了凝胶薄膜,通过真空热处理得到了 VO_2薄膜。由于 VO_2在67℃左右产生热诱导半导体-金属可逆相变,红外区域透过率在加热前后可变化45%,采用红外光谱及 X 射线衍射法分析了 VO_2薄膜的结构。     

MBE技术蓝宝石衬底上生长VO_2薄膜及其太赫兹和金属–绝缘体相变特性研究（英文）

采用分子束外延(MBE)技术在单晶蓝宝石衬底上生长了高质量化学计量比二氧化钒(VO_2)薄膜,通过该技术实现薄膜厚度15~60 nm精确控制。对于优化条件下VO_2薄膜,实现了电阻率变化超过4个数量级的优异金属–绝缘体相变,近似于之前报道高质量单晶VO_2相变特性。特别是通过太赫兹时域光谱分析了不同厚度的VO_2薄膜在太赫兹波段的光学特性。结果表明:VO_2薄膜的厚度对其在太赫兹波段的光学特性有很大影响。因此,为了获得更优的可靠性和重复性能,VO_2薄膜的厚度必须得到精确控制。本研究结果对于下一步VO_2基太赫兹器件研究具有重要意义。     

二氧化钒相变分析及应用

二氧化钒是一种热致变色材料,块体VO2在68℃时会从高温的西方晶系相变到低温的单斜晶系,而且相变可逆。由于其相变的特殊性,使VO2有广泛的应用。本文分析了二氧化钒相变晶体学、热力学和动力学特征;探讨了影响VO2薄膜相变的因素,并将薄膜相变特性和膜的制取及应用结合起来,以期更好地探讨二氧化钒相变的应用研究。     

微波辅热-甲醇还原法制备M相二氧化钒粉体

为获得具有良好相变特性的M相VO_2粉体,本文以V_2O_5为原料、甲醇作还原剂,采用微波辅热制备M相VO_2粉体.探讨了微波辅热功率、填充度、反应温度、反应时间、甲醇用量因素对制备VO_2的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对产物进行了物相、相变和形貌特征的表征.结果表明:在微波辅热功率为1 000 kW,填充度为0.7,反应温度为250℃时,反应时间为60 min,V_2O_5质量与甲醇体积比为5∶3时,得到B相的VO_2粉体;B相的VO_2再经过800℃高温热处理后完全转化为具有相变功能的M相,M相VO_2粉体纯度为99.20%,产率为92.30%,相变点温度为68.6℃,晶体形貌呈现较匀称的棒状结构,长度为1～2μm.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.