利用钒钛生铁生产中铬抗磨铸铁的试验研究

利用钒钛生铁开发了一种中铬抗磨铸铁.实验研究了化学成分中铬碳比、锰、硅以及热处理工艺时中铬抗磨白口铸铁组织和性能的影响,测试了该种铸铁的抗磨性.实验结果表明,所研制的中铬抗磨白口铸铁具有与高铬抗磨白口铸铁相当的组织和性能,但生产成本较高铬抗磨白口铸铁低,是一种经济实用的抗磨材料.     

多元合金化复合变质处理对高铬铸铁锤头组织和性能的影响

介绍了多元合金化复合变质处理高铬铸铁Cr20MoCu2BNbRETi的化学成分、变质处理工艺,并介绍了多元合金化复合变质处理后高铬铸铁的组织和力学性能的变化,以及采用多元合金化复合变质处理高铬铸铁生产破碎机锤头的生产工艺、生产成本和使用性能。工业试验表明:复合变质处理高铬铸铁锤头的耐磨性是高锰钢锤头的3.65～3.8倍。     

Heat treatment in high Cr white cast iron Nb alloy

Wear resistance of high Cr white cast irons can be improved by means of heat treatment. This type of cast iron alloy may present a microstructure with retained austenite. The amount of retained austenite changes with the applied heat treatment, which will have an influence on wear properties. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of several parameters such as quenching and tempering temperatures and subzero treatment in the wear performance of the high Cr white cast iron Nb alloy. In this way, the performance was evaluated using pin-on-disc abrasion test. The worn surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the main wear mechanisms were identified. The microstructural characterization was also performed with carbide identification. This Fe alloy has proven to be good for applications in mining and alcohol-sugar industries.     

日本在含球状碳化物铸铁方面的研究进展

由于碳化物球状化可以从根本上改善抗磨铸件的脆性、耐磨性和加工性,介绍了日本在含球状碳化物铸铁方面所取得的研究成果和经验;并着重分析了含球状碳化物的耐蚀铸铁、白口铸铁、高锰铸铁和低膨胀铸铁的化学成分、显微组织、主要性能和球状化工艺。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Wear Resistance and Impact Strength of High Chromium White Cast Iron

Martensitic chromium white cast irons find extensive industrial applications for resisting wear coupled with impact forces. Out of the several possible heat treatments for developing a martensitic chromium white cast iron, the arrested cooling heat treatment offers the best combination of wear resistance and impact strength, providing properties comparable to that of the standard Ni-Hard type 4 alloy.     

Microstructure and wear properties of low-alloy phosphoric gray cast irons

The effects of various alloying elements on the microstructure and wear properties of phosphoric gray cast irons were examined. The wear properties of gray cast irons were examined with wear tests in the lubricated condition at various final loads and sliding speeds. It is found that the microstructure and the morphology and size of flaky graphite do not change much with a small addition of alloying elements such as V, Nb, Mo and Cr. However, the wear resistance of phosphoric gray cast iron is found to increase significantly with an increasing amount of alloying element. For a given amount of alloying element, it is found that V and Nb are very effective, whereas Mo and Cr are less effective in increasing the wear resistance of phosphoric gray cast iron. The increase in the hardness of steadite caused by the segregation of carbide-forming elements is found to be responsible for the excellent wear resistance of low-alloy phosphoric gray cast irons.     

Semisolid heat treatment of chromium cast iron

Abstract

The effect of semisolid heat treatment on the microstructures of three chromium white cast irons has been studied. The primary objective was to examine the effect of semisolid heat treatment on the microstructures with specific emphasis on revealing the variations related to the carbide morphology of the selected materials. It is found that graphitization of carbide in a 1·5 wt.% chromium cast iron is enhanced during isothermal heat treatment in the semisolid state. The eutectic carbide in high chromium cast irons is fully or partially modified into discrete particles during heat treatment in the semisolid state.     

溶剂淬火低钼Cr20MoCu高铬铸铁锤头的研究

空冷淬火Cr20Mo2Cu高铬铸铁（1．5％～3％Mo），因目前钼铁价格飞涨而使其应用受到限制。介绍了一种低钼高铬铸铁Cr20MoCu（0．5％Mo），它是在Cr20Mo2Cu高铬铸铁的基础上通过降低钼含量而确定的。降钼后对淬透层深度的影响试图采用一种新型水溶性缓冷淬火剂通过提高Cr20MoCu高铬铸铁奥氏体化后的冷却速度来得到补偿，从而实现以低成本的Cr20MoCu代替高成本的Cr20Mo2Cu高铬铸铁的目的。试验结果表明，溶剂淬火低钼高铬铸铁Cr20MoCu的组织、力学性能、淬透层深度与降钼前的Cr20Mo2Cu相当。然而，溶剂淬火低钼高铬铸铁Cr20MoCu只适用于生产重量小于25kg级的小锤头，倘若锤头重量增大，则因淬火应力增加而导致锤头淬火开裂倾向明显增大。     

Effect of vibration frequency on microstructure and performance of high chromium cast iron prepared by lost foam casting

In the present research, high chromium cast irons (HCCIs) were prepared using the lost foam casting (LFC) process. To improve the wear resistance of the high chromium cast irons (HCCIs), mechanical vibration was employed during the solidiifcation of the HCCIs. The effects of vibration frequency on the microstructure and performance of the HCCIs under as-cast, as-quenched and as-tempered conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructures of the LFC-produced HCCIs were reifned due to the introduction of mechanical vibration, and the hardness was improved compared to that of the aloy without vibration. However, only a slight improvement in hardness was found in spite of the increase of vibration frequency. In contrast, the impact toughness of the as-tempered HCCIs increased with an increase in the vibration frequency. In addition, the wear resistance of the HCCIs was improved as a result of the introduction of vibration and increased with an increase in the vibration frequency.     

Erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layers

Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layers with different compositions and microstructures can be obtained by submerged arc welding with welding wire of the low carbon steel and high alloy bonded flux. With the increase of Cr and C in the layers the microstructures are changed from hypoeutectoid steel, hypereutectoid steel to hypoeutectic iron and hypereutectic iron. When the weld surfacing layers belong to the alloyed cast irons the erosion resistance can be raised with the eutectic increase and the austenite decrease. Good erosion resistance can be obtained when the proportion of the primary carbides is within 10 %. The experimental results lay a foundation to make double-metal percussive plates by surfacing wear resistant layers on the substrates of the low carbon steels.     

Effect of microstructure and mechanical properties on cutting force of different cast irons with similar tensile strength

Flake graphite iron,compacted graphite iron and spheroidal graphite iron with various tensile strengths were cast. They were selected and grouped according to roughly the same tensile strength,and then the main cutting force in each group was measured and compared. The microstructures of different cast irons were characterized. The relationship between the cutting force and microstructure was established. Results show that the graphite morphology in cast irons determines the strength. In order to obtain the same strength of the cast iron with sharply edged graphite,more or finer pearlite in the matrix is needed. Graphitic cast irons with high pearlite content and smaller pearlite interlamellar spacing have higher hardness. For the cast irons with different graphite morphologies,but almost the same tensile strength,the main cutting force is obviously different,along with the hardness. Harder cast irons have a greater cutting force,but the difference in cutting force is not proportional to hardness.     

A Study of the Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Weldability of Low-carbon Ductile Iron

Abstract

Low-carbon cast iron (1.7–1.8% C, 1.7–2.2% Si) test bars and castings were prepared in a production foundry for evaluation of their microstructures and mechanical properties. The experimental variables were (a) inoculant types and (b) heat treatment cycles. Results indicate that low-carbon ductile cast irons with graphite present in spheroidal/compacted form may be satisfactorily produced on an industrial scale, after appropriate inoculation. However, a short normalising cum tempering heat treatment is necessary for the development of optimum mechanical properties. Low carbon irons can be satisfactorily welded to similar grades of cast irons as well as to steel.     

耐磨白口铸铁的综合性能与价格比

采用模糊数学对耐磨白口铸铁性能进行综合分析,通过大量计算得出了耐磨白口铸铁的综合性能价格比,计算结果表明,在这些材料中,Cr27的综合性能价格比最好,Ni1最差,而Cr24,15-3和Ni4依次介于两者之间。本方法对于工程技术方案评价将具有实用价值。     

锰对高铬铸铁凝固组织和亚临界硬化行为的影响

采用电子探针、X射线衍射、磁性法和硬度测量等方法研究了两种不同含锰量高铬铸铁的凝固组织和在亚临界处理过程中的硬化行为。结果表明，含锰量分别为2．68％和1．98％的两种高铬铸铁的凝固组织都由奥氏体、马氏体和M7C3型碳化物组成。二者的共晶碳化物数量相当，前者和后者的奥氏体和马氏体含量分别为66．2％、13％和11．8％、68．2％。在亚临界处理中，高铬铸铁出现二次硬化，且前者的二次硬化更明显。这一现象归因于高铬铸铁在亚临界处理过程中所发生的马氏体相变。     

Influence of graphite morphology on dry sliding wear of flake graphite cast irons

Abstract

Four flaky graphite cast irons of different graphite structures with a pearlitic matrix were prepared to clarify the graphite structure's influence on the dry sliding wear property. Two melts of cast iron with different carbon contents were solidified at two different cooling rates. The four resultant samples had type A flaky graphite or type D eutectic graphite structure with different graphite volume fractions and fully pearlitic matrixes. A pin on the disc type wear test evaluated the four samples' dry sliding wear properties. Results showed that the type D graphite structure wore down faster than the type A graphite structure did. The type of graphite morphology influenced the specimen wear rate as strongly as the graphite volume fraction did in flaky graphite cast irons of this experimental range.     

合成铸铁在轮类铸件生产中的应用

采用中频感应电炉熔炼和合成铸铁工艺生产HT200和HT250牌号灰铸铁,并对其力学性能和金相组织进行了统计。与传统灰铸铁生产工艺相比,合成铸铁工艺不仅降低了生产成本,而且可以改善灰铸铁的力学性能。     

4种不同金相组织的仿古铸铁在土壤中局部腐蚀行为的差异

为了加强铸铁文物的保护，采用动电位扫描极化、模拟闭塞电池、交流阻抗等电化学方法，以及光镜、扫描电镜等显微组织分析手段，研究了4种仿古铸铁在模拟土壤介质（0．06mol／L NaCl＋0．03mol／L Na2SO4＋0．01mol／L NaHCO3溶液）中的局部腐蚀行为，详细探讨了组织差异对仿古铸铁局部腐蚀的影响。结果表明：珠光体灰口铸铁的自腐蚀电位负移最为明显，在模拟土壤条件中裂纹和腐蚀孔洞相对其它几种仿古铸铁较多。在闭塞电池中，仿古铸铁的pH值下降，Cl^-和SO4^2-增加，仿古铸铁耐蚀性依次递减的顺序为白口铸铁、麻口铸铁、珠光体＋铁素体灰口铸铁、珠光体灰口铸铁。     

含硼铸铁干摩擦磨损性能的研究

本文在试样相对摩擦速度9.94m/s.正压力1.02MPa的条件下,系统地研究了金相组织对含硼铸铁干摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验结果证明:随着石墨形态由片状向蠕虫状变化时,含硼铸铁的磨耗量减小,摩擦系数提高;随着含硼铸铁含硼量的增加,组织中含硼斯氏体数量增加,含硼铸铁的抗拉强度降低,硬度提高,摩擦系数与耐磨性均大为提高。     

Effects of deformation on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr alloy

Warm extrusion of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr from 100 ℃ to 600 ℃ was investigated. The effects of different extrusion ratios and different extrusion temperatures on microstructures and properties of submicron crystalline Cu-5%Cr were studied. The microstructures of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were characterized by backscattered electron irnages（BSE） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The mechanical properties of the extruded Cu-5%Cr were measured by means of microhardness and tension test. The results show that, the deformation, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of the extruded Cu-5%Cr are mainly produced in Cu matrix. The higher extrusion ratio leads to more uniform microstructure and finer Cu grains. When being extruded in the range of 100-600 ℃, dynamic recovery of Cu is the dominant process, and dynamic recrystallization of Cu occurred above 300 ℃ is far from end. The most part of microstructure of as-extruded Cu-5%Cr is subcrystaUines produced by dynamic recovery, only a few recrystallines exist, and the average size of these grains is not larger than 400 nm. With extrusion temperature rising, the tensile strength and microhardness of Cu-5%Cr decrease, and elongation increases gradually.     

含铬蠕墨铸铁摩擦磨损性能研究

用自制的干摩擦磨损试验机．研究了含铬蠕墨铸铁在不同接触压力及不同摩擦速度时的干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：随着接触压力和摩擦速度的提高，含铬蠕墨铸铁的磨损量呈线性增加，摩擦系数先降低而后趋向于相对稳定；随着含铬量增加，蠕墨铸铁的磨损量降低，摩擦系数在碳化物含量为5％～6％左右时出现极大值；在试验条件下，含铬蠕墨铸铁的摩擦磨损性能优于普通蠕墨铸铁。