PAM辅助水热法制备形貌可控的ZnO纳米结构(英文)

采用PAM辅助水热法制备了形貌可控的ZnO纳米晶。X射线衍射分析表明,分别以水和丙三醇为溶剂制备的短棒和棒状的ZnO纳米晶是纤锌矿结构。场发射扫描电镜结果显示,短棒状ZnO的直径约200nm,长约1.5μm,而棒状ZnO的直径约100nm,长度约3μm。当ZnO形貌从短棒向棒状转变时,晶体纵横比从7.5转变成30。荧光光谱分析表明,位于400-450nm的紫峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的缺陷越多;位于520-550nm的绿峰强度随着形貌从短棒向棒状转变时增大,表明更细更长的ZnO一维纳米结构的氧空位越多。并对不同溶剂对ZnO纳米晶形貌的影响机制及ZnO纳米晶在水热条件下的生长机理进行了探讨。     

ZnO纳米棒的制备及光催化性能研究

采用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)仪和透射电镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌分别进行表征,并通过紫外-可见分光光度计分析ZnO纳米棒光降解甲基紫来研究其光催化活性。结果表明,以氢氧化钠和醋酸锌为原料,聚丙烯酰胺为表面活性剂制备得到直径约26nm,长度达400nm的单晶纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒。添加ZnO纳米棒光催化剂时的光降解率为70%,未加ZnO纳米棒的光降解率为30%,表明ZnO纳米棒具有很好的光催化活性。     

纳米金属Ni粉的电爆炸法制备与表征

用电爆炸法制备纳米金属Ni、Al、Cu和Fe粉。以纳米金属Ni粉为研究对象,用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和能谱分析仪(EDS)分析其相组成和成分,用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征其形貌特征、晶体结构和粉体粒径,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其热稳定性和热焓值。结果表明:电爆炸法可以制备多种纳米金属粉体材料及熔点相差较大的合金材料;电爆炸法生产的金属粉体均为单质晶体,产品纯度高,且具有良好的热学性能;生产条件对样品的粒径和形貌影响较大,可以通过设定相应的制备参数来获得不同粒径和不同形貌的纳米金属粉体,如粒径分布在30～140nm范围内(平均粒径为80nm左右)的球状金属粉体,或粒径分布在30～50nm范围内(平均粒径为40nm左右)的不规则状金属粉体;电爆炸法生产能力大,产品质量高,可以实现工业化生产。     

ZnO／Ga2O3膜的氨化温度对制作硅基GaN纳米材料的影响

通过在不同温度下氨化ZnO／Ga2O3膜，在Si衬底上成功制备了GaN纳米结构材料。氨化前，ZnO层和Ga2O3膜分别通过射频磁控溅射法依次溅射到Si衬底上。用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外傅里叶变换光谱(FTIR)分析了GaN晶体的结构和组分，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了样品的形貌。通过对测试结果的分析可知在Si衬底上由ZnO挥发辅助生长出六方纤锌矿GaN纳米结构晶体，并且ZnO／Ga2O3的氨化温度对形成GaN纳米材料具有明显的影响。     

一维Cu-Zn-Al合金纳米结构的低温制备

在常温常压下，利用简单的化学方法成功地在铜锌铝合金基体上生长出长1600nm，直径40nm的一维Cu-Zn-Al合金纳米结构。利用扫描电镜(SEM)，透射电镜(TEM)，能量分散X射线(EDX)等研究了这些一维纳米结构的微观形貌和结构。该方法合成的一维Cu-Zn-Al合金纳米结构具有纯度高，管径均匀等特点。初步探讨了一维Cu-Zn-Al合金纳米结构的低温生长机理。     

氧在溅射和退火过程中对ZnO薄膜的影响研究

利用射频磁控溅射技术在玻璃基片上制备了高度C轴择优取向的纳米ZnO薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱仪和X射线衍射分析仪研究了溅射过程中和热处理过程中氧气对ZnO薄膜形貌、成分以及结构的影响规律.结果表明:在溅射过程中和退火过程中通入适量的氧气,ZnO薄膜(002)衍射面的晶面间距变小,薄膜中的氧含量提高,薄膜中的缺陷减少.在空气气氛中退火2h的薄膜,质量几乎接近了在溅射过程中通入氧气所制得的样品.因此在溅射制备ZnO薄膜时,可以减少氧气用量甚至无需通入氧气,而在热处理过程中实现增氧,从而降低了制备成本,简化了薄膜的制备工艺.     

氧化铟锡八面体纳米结构的制备及发光性能研究

本文利用了一种简单的热蒸发法制备出了氧化铟锡(ITO)八面体纳米结构,借助X射线衍射分析仪、能谱分析、场发射扫描电子显微镜以及透射电子显微镜观测样品的结构形貌以及成分分析,结果显示ITO八面体纳米结构每个棱的长度在50～300 nm之间,所得到的晶体棱角分明.利用分光光谱仪观测样品的发光性能,发射中心分别处于417 n...     

直流电弧等离子体法制备铋纳米粉体

采用自行研制的高真空三枪直流电弧金属纳米粉体连续制备设备,通过控制充气压力制备不同粒径的纳米铋粉.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及Simple PCI软件等测试手段对样品的成分、晶体结构、形貌和粒径分布进行表征.结果表明:等离子体法制备的纳米铋粉纯度高,粒径分布窄,分散性好,颗粒呈链球状均匀分布;纳米粉体的晶体结构与块体材料相同,为六方结构、空间群R-3m,晶格常数略有增大;当电流恒定为250 A、充气压力从5 kPa增加到60 kPa时,纳米铋粉的平均粒径从35 nm增加到143 nm.     

沉积电位对银纳米晶体生长形态的影响

在ITO导电玻璃基体上应用电沉积方法制备了银纳米晶体,通过调节沉积电位,制备了形貌和尺寸可控的样品。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)分别对样品的结构、微观形貌以及光学性质进行了表征。结果表明:沉积电位是在一定范围内决定银纳米晶体的生长速度和最终生长形态的直接因素,在沉积电位E=0.2～0 V(SCE)之间观察到了沿(111)面择优生长引起的多面体晶体-枝晶转化;通过UV-Vis光谱发现,当E=-0.2 V时,在350 nm处有一个区别于其它电位的明显的吸收峰。     

等离子体制备银纳米粉末的研究

采用阳极弧放电等离子体制备银纳米粉末，并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(XEDS)和BET吸附等测试手段对样品的成分、形貌、晶体结构、粒度及其分布、比表面积等进行性能表征。结果表明：本法所制备的银纳米粉末纯度高，分散性好，呈类球形均匀分布；晶体结构与相应的块体材料基本相同，为fcc结构，其平均粒径为24nm，粒径范围在10～50nm，比表面积为23．81m^2／g。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.