复值的MBER非线性均衡器用于QAM信号

本文提出一种复值的最低误码率非线性滤波器用于非线性信道中QAM信号的均衡.推导了针对QAM信号的最低误码率准则训练算法的目标函数,并用Voherra序列来实现复值的非线性均衡器.为使非线性均衡器能在线自适应训练并增加训练算法的数值稳定性,提出～种滑窗随机梯度算法.大量仿真表明,对于非线性信道中QAM信号的均衡,最低误码率非线性均衡器的性能优于最小均方误差准则.     

无方根广义多道Givens格型算法及其在自适应非线性均衡中的应用

对于自适应非线性均衡问题，当非线性信道的传输函数可由二阶Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ级数表征时，可以作为广义多道滤波问题来处理。本文提出了一种无方根广义多道Ｇｉｖｅｎｓ格型算法来实现该非线性信道均衡器，研究了该均衡器消除由于信道非线性衰落引起的码间干扰的性能。实验结果表明：该自适应非线性均衡器具有快速收敛性能，对非线性信道的均衡效果优于ＬＳ格型判决反馈均衡器。     

激光通信系统的波特间隔均衡器设计

当前应用的均衡器，主要采用单一的盲自适应算法实现信道均衡处理，容易出现误差扩散的现象，导致均衡器误码率较高。因此，针对激光通信系统，设计一种新的波特间隔均衡器。根据激光通信系统的接收端接收信号模型、干扰模型，定义激光通信系统信道模型。基于信道均衡要求，设计由前滤波器、反馈滤波器两个主要部分组成的多阶滤波器，作为波特间隔均衡器的基础结构。通过设置MSE切换门限联动LMS算法和CMA算法，形成自适应混合均衡算法，确保均衡器具有优越的信道均衡处理性能。最后，在FPGA上实现波特间隔均衡器。实验结果显示：应用所设计均衡器后，激光通信系统的最小误码率降低至10^-4,达到了提升激光通信质量的目的。     

基于Simulink的NLMS弥散信道均衡滤波器的参数优选方法

为了克服弥散信道的影响,改善通信质量,提高传输数据速率,近年来出现了多种解决方案,其中最有效的方法就是采用NLMS算法的自适应信道均衡技术.设计NLMS算法的自适应信道均衡器的关键就是寻找一组最佳的自适应滤波器的长度L和步长因子,使系统误码率最低.基于此,本文提出了一种能有效搜索均衡滤波器参数的方法,并构建了该方法的Simulink仿真平台.通过仿真,搜索寻找到了系统误码性能最佳条件下自适应滤波器的长度和步长,同时分析了自适应均衡器的性能,仿真结果证明了其有效性.该平台为最优自适应弥散信道均衡滤波器的设计提供了一个很好的平台,具有很高的实用价值.     

基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法

针对非线性卫星信道Volterra盲均衡系统收敛缓慢、计算复杂高等不足,提出了基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法.该算法用Wiener均衡器代替Volterra均衡器,减小了均衡器结构的复杂性;用平衡正交多小波对Wiener均衡器的输入信号进行变换,降低了输入信号的自相关性;在Wiener均衡器输出端增加一级判决反馈滤波器,同时对其输入信号作平衡多小波变换,又降低了判决反馈滤波器输出信号的自相关性.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

一种新的群时延自适应均衡算法

为了补偿无线信道群时延特性所带来的影响,基于盲均衡器结构提出了一种优化的自适应均衡算法.该算法是基于最小均方误差准则的变步长LMS算法,通过自适应调节判决反馈均衡器两组横向滤波器的抽头系数,实现对信道群时延的自适应补偿.通过对16-QAM信号的仿真结果表明,新算法能够对有效补偿信道群时延带来的影响,并且明显降低系统的误码率.     

基于α稳定分布的二阶Volterra变抽头长度自适应滤波算法

传统自适应Volterra滤波器抽头长度固定。当一个被识别系统或被均衡信道的特征未知或时变时,自适应滤波器的抽头长度太长,不仅增加了计算量同时也增加了误差;抽头长度太短则无法满足系统的性能要求。针对这个问题本文提出了一种二阶Volterra变抽头长度自适应滤波算法。先对Volterra滤波器输入信号进行格型滤波处理,实现了二次项信号解耦,减少了二次项的权系数,使线性部分和非线性部分权值具有相同的抽头长度,简化了传统Volterra滤波器的结构;基于最小平均p范数准则,运用分数抽头长度的概念,对滤波器抽头长度进行实时自适应调整,用LMP算法自适应调整权系数。计算机仿真结果表明,在不同信噪比的高斯噪声和 稳定分布噪声背景下, 应用本文算法的自适应信道均衡都具有良好的收敛性能,本文算法能自适应调整到最优抽头长度;验证了算法的有效性。      

应用粒子滤波器实现混沌通信系统的盲信道均衡

粒子滤波器(Particle filter,PF)是一种结合重要性权重抽样的序贯蒙特卡罗方法,能够应用到任意状态空间模型,并且能较好地估计经过非线性变化后的随机变量的统计特性.本文应用粒子滤波器和信号建模技术研究混沌通信系统的盲信道均衡问题,发展基于混沌的通信系统的盲均衡技术.仿真结果证实了,当Logistic映射作为混沌发生器和通信场景为固定参数与时变衰落信道时,该盲信道均衡器与基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的盲均衡器和基于无先导变换的自适应盲均衡器相比,有较好的均衡实现.此外,利用本文的盲均衡算法,实现了一种混沌调制通信系统的解调.     

α 稳定分布噪声下基于核方法的非线性信道均衡算法

为了提高α稳定分布噪声下非线性信道均衡器的性能,本文利用核方法处理非线性问题,结合最小平均p范数算法的核心思想,构造了α稳定分布噪声下基于核方法的非线性均衡器,提出并推导了α稳定分布噪声下核最小平均p范数均衡算法。首先,通过核函数将接收信号映射到高维特征空间;然后,在高维特征空间中利用LMP算法对信号进行均衡;最后,将均衡器的输出信号表示为内积形式并利用核函数将其转化到输入空间进行计算。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,与核最小均方算法和最小平均p范数算法相比,新算法在保证收敛速度的前提下降低了稳态误差,能够更好地对α稳定分布噪声下的非线性信道失真进行补偿。      

用Laguerre滤波器实现多径衰落信道自适应均衡

提出了一种衰落信道自适应均衡的新方法。该方法基于Laguerre滤波器结构,采用最小二乘估计估算滤波器极点,通过RLS算法实现自适应过程。仿真结果表明,由于Laguerre滤波器同时具有FIR和ⅡR结构的特点,在信噪比低、信道多径条件复杂的情况下,可以获得比通常的线性自适应均衡器和决策反馈均衡器更好的抗符号间干扰的效果;同时,Laguerre滤波器结构的稳定性有效地减少了差错传播的发生。     

自适应复信道均衡的一种新的神经网络方法

近年来,神经网络已经广泛地应用到许多信号处理问题中.自适应信道均衡是数字通信系统中的一个重要问题.在本文中我们提出一种基于复数赫布类型算法的自适应信道均衡器.计算机模拟表明,无论在线性还是非线性信道中,所提出的均衡器均表现出良好的性能,这为自适应复信道均衡提供了一种新的方法.     

基于一种杂交学习算法的自适应复信道均衡技术

本文提出了一种基于多层前馈神经网络杂交学习算法的自适应复信道均衡的新方法。该学习算法用来训练一个输入、输出、权值和激活函数均为复数的神经网络。神经网络的训练利用了监督和非监督相结合的杂交技术,而权值的调整是基于TLS（total least square)准则进行的。计算机仿真结果表明,无论是在线性还是在非线性信道中,所提出的方法都表现出了很好的性能,这为自适应复信道均衡提供了一种新方法。     

Functional link neural network cascaded with Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial for nonlinear channel equalization

Nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI) leads to significant error rate in nonlinear communication and digital storage channel. In this paper, therefore, a novel computationally efficient functional link neural network cascaded with Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial is proposed to combat nonlinear ISI. The equalizer has a simple structure in which the nonlinearity is introduced by functional expansion of the input pattern by trigonometric polynomial and Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial. Due to the input pattern and nonlinear approximation enhancement, the proposed structure can approximate arbitrarily nonlinear decision boundaries. It has been utilized for nonlinear channel equalization. The performance of the proposed adaptive nonlinear equalizer is compared with functional link neural network (FLNN) equalizer, multilayer perceptron (MLP) network and radial basis function (RBF) along with conventional normalized least-mean-square algorithms (NLMS) for different linear and nonlinear channel models. The comparison of convergence rate, bit error rate (BER) and steady state error performance, and computational complexity involved for neural network equalizers is provided.     

基于Kalman滤波的水声混合双向迭代信道均衡算法

水声信道均衡中基于信道估计的均衡方法理论上具有更优的均衡性能,但较高的计算复杂度限制了算法的实际应用。针对这一问题,该文首先基于Kalman滤波和Turbo均衡提出一种迭代Kalman均衡器,实现了基于软符号的迭代信道估计与迭代Kalman均衡,且复杂度较常规方法降低约1个数量级。其次,针对单一均衡算法和单一方向Turbo均衡器存在的误差传递现象,设计了基于迭代Kalman均衡器与改进成比例归一化LMS (IPNLMS)自适应均衡器相结合的混合双向Turbo均衡器,提高了自适应均衡器的收敛速度和均衡性能,并通过双向均衡结构带来的增益改善了符号估计误差传递的现象。理论分析与仿真实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

一种水声通信中的多阵元Turbo均衡算法

Turbo均衡应用在水声通信中的问题主要在于水声信道时间扩展长,多接收阵元处理复杂度较高。该文研究了将时间反转与马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)均衡联合优化算法用于实现Turbo均衡。首先进行时间反转实现多接收阵元较长多径时延的压缩,再利用白化滤波器解决时间反转造成的噪声模型失配问题,最后利用复杂度较低的MCMC均衡器结合软迭代信道估计对时间反转合并后得到的信号进行均衡。结合真实实验信道条件对信道响应估计的误差建立模型,通过仿真比较得出, 该算法在相同条件下相对于多阵元直接自适应Turbo均衡算法复杂度降低67%,且有1.6 dB的误码率性能增益。通过对湖上试验数据进行处理,进一步验证了该算法的优势。     

Complex-valued neural networks with adaptive spline activationfunction for digital-radio-links nonlinear equalization

In this paper, a new complex-valued neural network based on adaptive activation functions is proposed. By varying the control points of a pair of Catmull-Rom cubic splines, which are used as an adaptable activation function, this new kind of neural network can be implemented as a very simple structure that is able to improve the generalization capabilities using few training samples. Due to its low architectural complexity (low overhead with respect to a simple FIR filter), this network can be used to cope with several nonlinear DSP problems at a high symbol rate. In particular, this work addresses the problem of nonlinear channel equalization. In fact, although several authors have already recognized the usefulness of a neural network as a channel equalizer, one problem has not yet been addressed: the high complexity and the very long data sequence needed to train the network. Several experimental results using a realistic channel model are reported that prove the effectiveness of the proposed network on equalizing a digital satellite radio link in the presence of noise, nonlinearities, and intersymbol interference (ISI)     

Filtrage adaptatif à complexité réduite

In a data transmission over a telephone channel, linear distorsions may be compensated with an equalizer. This system is quite often implemented with a digital adaptive transversal filter. An heuristic algorithm is presented in the paper, this algorithm allows the reduction of computation complexity in an adaptive filter without decreasing the receiver performances. The operation of a system using this algorithm has been simulated and the results of the simulation are presented.     

A binary adaptive decision-selection equalizer for channels with nonlinear intersymbol interference

An enhanced adaptive decision feedback equalizer (ADFE) is presented for binary data transmission applications where the communication channel exhibits nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI). The nonlinearity in the channel manifests itself as a distorted constellation space constructed from the equalizer input state variables. Since a conventional ADFE can construct a hyperplane decision boundary of only one orientation with symmetrically spaced distance from the origin as a function of the detected feedback symbols and feedback filter coefficient values, there is room for improvement since the distorted constellation of the nonlinear system is better served by hyperplane boundaries of varying orientation. The method proposed here is not to feed back the decision variables but, instead, to use these binary variables to choose and adapt different sets of coefficients, i.e., different hyperplane boundaries. Hence, the name given to this new method is the adaptive decision-selection equalizer (ADSE). Although the hyperplane may not be the optimum boundary for the conditional constellations, in many cases, it is an adequate approximation. Nonetheless, for nonlinear channels, the ADSE is generally an improvement over the conventional ADFE in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes, where the bit error rate (BER) is within the desired operating range. The major advantage of the new method is improved performance on the studied channel while retaining simplicity when implemented as a variation of the least-mean-squared (LMS) algorithm. Some drawbacks are decreased convergence rate and limitations of the minimum mean-squared-error (MMSE) strategy of optimization, as implemented by the LMS algorithm, for a system where error probability, not MMSE, is important.     

基于自适应步长LMS算法的判决反馈均衡器研究

本文研究了一种基于自适应步长LMS算法的自适应判决反馈均衡器算法，此算法通过对前向滤波器、后向滤波器和锁相环参数分别进行实时的、自适应步长的调整，在均衡时变多径的同时高精度地锁定接收信号相位，因此适用于相干通信系统。仿真结果表明在相同多径条件下，该方法比基于固定步长LMS算法的判决反馈均衡器输出误码率低1-7倍。