含铜氰渣浮选试验研究与生产实践

河台金矿在氰渣浮铜中使用B药荆进行预处理和改造工艺流程,大幅度提高了氰渣浮选铜的回收率,取得了明显的经济效益.     

含铜金精矿氰化提金和氰渣浮铜试验研究与生产实践

河台金矿浮选金精矿含铜 3 %～ 6%,为了就地产金 ,就金精矿中铜对氰化金浸出率与氰化钠耗量的影响进行了选矿试验研究。研究证明 ,金精矿中铜对金浸出率的影响很大 ,如何采取措施降低铜对氰化浸金的影响 ,减少氰化钠的消耗 ,是提高金浸出率的关键。由于氰渣中含铜量达 3 %以上 ,有必要进行回收。经过试验研究和生产实践 ,采用添加剂A来降低铜对氰化的影响 ,是提高氰化金浸出率、降低氰渣品位和氰化钠消耗的重要途径 ;同时采用药剂B、C、D回收氰渣中的铜 ,能获得较好的指标和效益     

氰化尾渣综合回收有价金属的研究与实践

介绍了矿物表面的电性与可浮性的以用有代表隆的黄金矿山氰化尾渣用浮选法进行综合回收的工艺，重点对广东河台金矿氰渣浮铜的研究及生产实践进行总结，提出了氰渣浮选应注意的问题。     

氰化尾渣脱氰技术及有价金属回收研究进展

全球约75％的金矿选矿厂采用氰化浸金法,每年产生大量氰化尾渣,造成资源的严重浪费,威胁生态环境及人类健康.本文围绕氰化尾渣成分及国内外处理现状,分析了氰化尾渣脱氰技术及应用,并着重分析了氰化尾渣中金、银、铜、铅、锌、铁和碲等有价金属的回收利用技术.通过对氰化尾渣脱氰方式和有价金属回收利用两个方面研究进展的总结,为氰化尾...     

复杂多金属含铜银金矿综合回收技术研究

某银多金属矿为铜、铅、银、金复杂共生的难选多金属矿,采用混合浮选—精矿氰化—氰渣优先选铅再选铜的技术方案,开展了大量试验研究工作。结果表明,在氰化浸出的过程中添加助浸剂有利于提高金和银的浸出率。在对氰渣浮选时,采用合理的活化剂对铜的活化以及提高铜的回收率十分重要。经过各个环节工艺流程及药剂制度的优化,获得了金综合回收率80.80%,银综合回收率81.32%,以及品位21.46%、综合回收率70.80%的铜精矿的回收指标,效果是明显的。     

某选厂氰渣选铜工艺技术改造与生产实践

分析了该氰渣选铜工艺存在的问题,并对该工艺进行了技术改造。生产实践表明,经过技术改造后,既提高了生产指标,又取得了明显的经济效益。     

降低黄金冶炼厂氰渣金品位的研究

:针对山东蓬莱黄金冶炼厂氰渣中金含量高的问题 ,进行氰渣的物质组成、氰渣中金的嵌布特性及选冶降低氰渣金品位等试验研究。蓬莱黄金冶炼厂氰渣中金与黄铁矿关系密切 ,大部分呈包裹金、次显微金及类质同象金。选冶试验结果表明 ,选矿富集金矿物及浸出降低氰渣金品位、提高金的浸出率是可能的。     

某黄金矿山高浓度含氰废水处理试验

某黄金矿山针对含氰废水中含有高浓度氰化物和重金属等特点,分别采用酸化回收法和硫化回收法对废水中的铜进行回收,考察铜的回收效果。回收铜渣经过高温脱氰处理后满足《黄金行业氰渣污染控制技术规范》（HJ 943—2018）作为有色金属冶炼的替代原料要求,可以精矿产品形式计价外售;废水再经降氰沉淀法深度处理,进一步降低氰化物和重金属含量。在最佳试验条件下,废水中总氰化物浓度＜50 mg/L,处理后废水能循环利用至生产工艺中,且能保证工艺稳定运行。     

招远金矿含氰污水的综合治理

<正> 我矿黄金生产是采用金精矿氰化生产工艺,每日产生的排放贫液和氰渣中的含氰污水约150米~3,在这些污水中含氰化物(折成NaCN)1500—2000毫克/升、含铜400—600毫克/升、锌100毫克/升、硫氰根750毫克/升。以前这些污水直接排放,严重地污染了环境,同时每方水中价值十多元的有用成分白白流掉,给企业和国家带来很大损     

极贫氰化尾渣综合回收铅铜试验研究

针对山东某极贫氰化尾渣矿石性质特点,合理利用氰离子、过量氧化钙等残留药剂对有价组分的抑制差异,采用不脱药、不加热、不洗涤的优先浮选铅—硫酸脱氰活化选铜工艺流程进行工艺条件试验研究。闭路试验结果表明:铅浮选采用丁基黄药、乙硫氮为捕收剂,经一次粗选两次扫选三次精选,可获得品位为21.07%、回收率为61.21%的铅精矿;浮铅尾矿经硫酸脱氰活化选铜,采用丁基黄药为捕收剂,经一次粗选三次扫选两次精选,可获得品位为10.75%、回收率为62.69%的铜精矿。其总尾矿可直接作为硫精矿,铜、铅精矿均可作为配矿出售,显现出良好的经济社会效益。     

A review of copper cyanide recovery technologies for the cyanidation of copper containing gold ores

Many gold producers are today processing gold ores containing significant amount of cyanide soluble copper. Typically, cyanide destruction is used to prevent the discharge of copper cyanide into tailings storage facilities. This imposes a significant financial cost to producers from the additional cyanide used to solubilize the copper and the cost of cyanide destruction reagents. Therefore, the recovery of copper as a valuable by-product and the recycle of cyanide to the leach circuit have the potential for significant economic and environmental benefits. This includes enabling the treatment of gold ores with even higher soluble copper. Over the years, a variety of processes have been developed or proposed to recover the copper and/or cyanide including acidification based technologies such as AVR and SART, direct electrowinning, activated carbon, ion exchange resins, solvent extraction, polychelating polymers, and membrane technologies. In this paper, these processes are critically reviewed and compared, with particular focus on the advantages and limitations, and the separation of copper from cyanide. Ultimately, there is no universal process solution and the choice is highly dependent on the nature of the stream to be treated and integration with the whole processing plant.     

氰化贫液除杂回用工艺生产实践

要 :简要介绍了招远市罗山氰化厂酸化 -氧化净化浸金贫液工艺。该工艺可将贫液中的铜、氰化物、铅、锌的含量分别降至 1.5、0 .5、1.0、1.0mg/L以下 ,满足了贫液回用的要求。另外 ,该工艺有效地回收利用了贫液中氰化物 ,取得了良好的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。     

Limits of the CIL circuit in copper–gold plants

This study examined the performance of the CIL (Carbon-in-Leach) circuit at Telfer, a copper–gold plant treating porphyry copper deposits containing gold associated with both copper and iron sulphides, with an objective to identify factors normally limiting the gold recovery in the CIL circuit in the presence of a small amount of copper after copper flotation, and then propose a means to improve it. Diagnostic leaching assessment and mineralogical analysis by MLA revealed that the occlusion of gold by other minerals and the fine grain size of gold associated with them may be the contributing factors to the low gold recovery in the CIL circuit. Fine grinding of the CIL feed increased gold recovery significantly from the leaching process. However, it is interesting to find that fine grinding increased the amount of released copper ions which complex with cyanide resulting in significantly higher cyanide consumption. It is therefore proposed that regrinding of the CIL feed followed by copper flotation is an appropriate pre-treatment method for the CIL circuit.     

Recovery of copper cyanide from waste cyanide solution by LIX 7950

The use of the guanidine extractant, LIX 7950, to extract copper cyanide from waste cyanide solution has been investigated. Copper extraction is favorable at low pH while a high cyanide to copper molar ratio tends to suppress copper loading. The extractant also strongly extracted zinc and nickel from cyanide solution, but the extraction of iron was poor. The presence of thiocyanate ion significantly depressed copper extraction, but thiosulfate ion produced negligible impact on copper extraction. The preferential extraction of metal cyanide species to free cyanide has been noticed. The potential application of the recovery technique as a pre-concentration step for the treatment of cyanide effluent has been suggested, by which copper can be extracted and concentrated into a small volume of solution and the barren cyanide solution recycled to the cyanidation process.     

萃取-电沉积处理含铜氰化废水回收铜和氰化物

以季铵盐N263为萃取剂,采用萃取—电沉积工艺对铜氰废液中的铜和氰化物进行回收。结果表明,N263对含氰溶液中的铜氰配合离子有良好的萃取能力,在高碱性条件下其对铜的单级萃取率仍超过90%;饱和负载有机相经反萃可为后续电沉积提供高浓度含铜溶液;提高电沉积温度有利于铜的回收与氰化物的保护;处理后尾液可直接用于氰化浸出。通过萃取—电沉积工艺实现了废水中铜和氰化物的综合回收利用。     

烷基叔胺萃取处理氰化浸金贫液的研究 (Ⅰ)萃取体系的选择及工艺实验

采用烷基叔胺（Ｎ２３５）－异辛醇－磺化煤油体系从氰化浸金贫液萃取铜、锌，以ＮａＯＨ溶液为反萃取剂从负载有机相中反萃铜、锌。考察了有机相质子化酸度、添加剂浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间、平衡水相的ｐＨ值等对萃取铜锌的影响以及ＮａＯＨ浓度对反萃铜、锌的影响，并确定了合适的工艺参数。用该萃取体系净化氰化浸金贫液的工艺流程简单易行，技术经济性能好，适宜于推广到工业生产中。     

Copper removal from cyanide solutions by acidification

Cyanidation is the most used method to recover gold and silver from their ores. In this process, other metals besides gold and silver may dissolve under certain circumstances and interfere with the efficiency of extraction. Copper is one of these metals, being able to reach concentrations as high as 1000 mg/L. When the cyanide solution contains a high copper concentration, the extraction of precious metals decreases and the operating costs increase. In addition, the control of the process is more complicated because the free cyanide analysis performed by the operators by titration does not represent the actual cyanide available to dissolve gold and silver. This experimental work has two objectives: to evaluate the amount of copper–cyanide complexes that are measured when titration is used for free cyanide analysis, and to develop and propose a method for copper removal from cyanidation solutions. The method consists in the acidification of the solution with sulfuric acid, and the separation of the precipitated solid (CuCN) by filtration. The thermodynamics of the copper–cyanide system is discussed, and the hydrogen cyanide evolution (HCN) at pH acid is evaluated.One of the main operating variables in cyanidation plants is the “free cyanide” concentration, that is, the amount of cyanide available to dissolve the precious metals. The usual method to estimate free cyanide is titration. When copper is present in the cyanide solution, the titration method not only measures the free cyanide but also part of the cyanide that is forming complexes with copper. It was demonstrated from the tests performed in this work, that for cyanide/copper ratios of 1–10, typically found in cyanidation solutions, around 10% of the free cyanide measured by titration corresponds to copper–cyanide complexes and is not available for gold and silver dissolution.In order to recycle the solution to the process, it is necessary to remove part of the copper. A method of copper removal is proposed, based on the precipitation of CuCN when the copper–cyanide solution is acidified. The precipitated solid is separated from the solution by filtration and finally the clear solution is neutralized. The acidification/filtration/alkalinization of cyanidation solutions containing copper permits the removal of most of the copper present in the solution, thus allowing the recycling of the solution. For synthetic solutions containing 200–730 mg/L Cu at different cyanide/copper ratios, it was found that 93–98% of the copper can be removed as CuCN at pH 2.5, releasing free cyanide to the solution. If a flotation stage is considered to remove the solid formed, the HCN formed by acidification should not represent a problem: the amount of HCN gas stripped at pH 2.5 when using the usual flotation gas flow rates (0.17 cm/s, 0.28 L/min, 1 h for our experimental design) was only 6%, which can be easily controlled with conventional equipment.     

Copper cyanide removal by precipitation with quaternary ammonium salts

Cyanide is widely used in the mining industry to extract gold from ores. Some of the minerals processed for precious metals extraction contain copper species which may react with cyanide to form cuprocyanide complexes. The presence of these copper species affects adversely the process and causes high cyanide consumption. In order to overcome these limitations this laboratory work explores the feasibility of removing the copper–cyanide complexes by precipitation with quaternary ammonium salts, allowing the remaining solution, free of copper and containing free cyanide, to be recycled to the cyanidation process. The first part of the experimental work was performed with synthetic copper–cyanide solution simulating a high copper–cyanide solution (2700 mg/L cyanide, 730 mg/L copper and pH adjusted to 12 with CaO) and three quaternary ammonium salts: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HTA), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTA) and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDA). The results showed that it is possible to remove up to 90% of the copper in the precipitate when adding 12.32 g OTA/g copper at pH 12. The free cyanide remains unreacted in the solution and could be recycled to the process. Results of tests performed at different pH values suggest that regardless the initial species distribution in the solution, the solid formed will contain mainly copper tricyanide and some of copper tetracyanide. The molar ratio CN/Cu in the solid is around 3 while the molar ratio OTA/Cu is around 2. This implies that some amount of copper tetracyanide is transformed into copper tricyanide while reacting with the amine and forming the precipitate. When zinc is also present in the cyanide solution, the ammonium salt will react first with the zinc–cyanide complexes before precipitating the copper cyanides. Tests performed with an industrial solution corroborated the results obtained with synthetic solutions: quaternary ammonium salts (e.g. OTA) react with copper and zinc cyanides (but not with free cyanide) to form a precipitated that can be separated from the solution by filtration. An analytic technique for measuring quaternary ammonium salts HTA and OTA in solution was developed.     

陕西某金矿氰化尾渣的浮选活化试验

陕西某金矿选厂外购金矿氰化尾渣回收金,尾渣金品位2.21 g/t,载金矿物黄铁矿部分氧化,浮选提金难度较大。为确定合适的活化剂,进行硫酸铵和硫酸铜浮选活化试验。结果表明,该尾渣磨矿至-0.044 mm 92%进行 3粗1扫-粗精矿合并精选提金,使用硫酸铵作活化剂可获得金品位33.80 g/t、回收率39.79%的精矿。相比硫酸铜,精矿金品位和回收率分别提高了6.9 g/t、1.07个百分点,且尾矿硫含量更低。因此可以使用硫酸铵代替硫酸铜作为该金矿氰化尾渣浮选的活化剂,且经济效益显著,可供类似尾渣浮选回收金参考。     

Effect of cuprous cyanide,dry and wet milling on the selective flotation of galena and sphalerite

Batch flotation tests of a lead–zinc sulphide composite ore from the Rosh Pinah Mine have been carried out at pH 8.5 in the presence of copper cyanide complexes. These copper cyanide complexes are often found in the recycled water that is used in the milling and the lead flotation circuits. Flotation results have shown that cuprous cyanide complexes can activate sphalerite. In addition, the activation and subsequent flotation of sphalerite was greater when the composite was dry milled as compared to wet milling. Surface analysis of copper(I)-activated sphalerite samples was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results showed the presence of copper species on the surface of sphalerite after activation with cuprous cyanide complexes. The copper species could be removed from the surface of sphalerite after treatment with sodium cyanide. This explains, amongst others reasons, the high cyanide requirement at Rosh Pinah Mine for the efficient depression of sphalerite in the lead flotation circuit.