PVC/PE基木塑复合材料性能研究

以氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)、聚丙烯酸酯(ACR)为改性剂,采用二辊开炼机制备PVC/PE共混体系及其木塑复合材料(WPC),并采用热压成型的方法制备材料试样.考察了改性剂和木粉对PVC/PE及其WPC力学性能、加工性能及动态热机械性能的影响.结果显示:CPE能够显著提高PVC/PE共混体系的机械性能,使材料加工性能下降,储能模量降低;MAPE则能使PVC木塑复合材料力学性能大幅提高;ACR则能够提高材料的加工性能,使材料储能模量增大;木粉的加入使复合材料加工性能大幅下降,材料储能模量提高,损耗因子下降.     

风冷冰箱聚丙烯专用料的研制

按照风冷冰箱专用料的要求对聚丙烯进行了改性研究。通过添加增韧母料与聚丙烯共混改性来提高材料的韧性,为提高材料的流动性能,加入适量降温母料。添加多种无机和有机增强剂,复合改性提高体系的刚性和模量。通过电镜观察到交联物中形成交联网络结构。对体系的结构和粘弹性用SEM和高温应力粘弹仪进行了研究,发现体系形成了半互穿网络结构。最终研制成功高流动性、高刚性、高韧性的聚丙烯材料。性能符合风冷冰箱材料的要求     

高刚性、高韧性、高流动性聚丙烯的研制

用增韧母料对聚丙烯进行共混改性,同时加入适量降温母料,提高材料的流动性能,添加多种无机和有机增强剂,提高体系的刚性和模量。通过电镜观察到交联物中的网络结构。用SEM和高温应力粘弹仪对体系的结构和粘弹性进行了研究,发现体系研究了半互穿网络结构。研制成功了高刚性、高韧性、高流动性聚丙烯专用料。     

填料对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯橡胶发泡材料性能的影响

使用无转子发泡硫化仪、RPA橡胶分析仪、体视显微镜以及力学性能测试仪器等研究了白炭黑和炭黑对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯橡胶(EVM)硫化发泡特性、发泡材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,白炭黑用量较少时,体系焦烧时间和正硫化时间均延长,发泡剂分解速度提高。与相同用量的白炭黑体系相比,炭黑体系不易焦烧,正硫化时间较长,发泡剂分解速度较快。白炭黑体系泡孔质量好于炭黑体系,其中添加30份白炭黑的泡沫材料具有最低密度。RPA分析结果表明,减少白炭黑用量或采用炭黑作填料均能降低体系储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″),炭黑体系泡沫材料动态模量具有较强温度敏感性。     

羟基硅油对无卤阻燃HDPE改性研究

通过加入无卤阻燃剂使高密度聚乙烯达到阻燃抑烟的效果,测试了试样的拉伸强度、弹性模量、断裂伸长率、氧指数、维卡软化点,并进行了电镜分析。针对无卤阻燃体系韧性下降很大的缺点,采用羟基硅油进行改性。结果表明,羟基硅油可在一定程度上改善材料韧性,且能提高体系的氧指数,但同时使材料的拉伸强度和模量大幅下降。     

端羧基聚丁二烯丙烯腈弹性体材料力学性能研究

研究了端羧基聚丁二烯丙烯腈/环氧树脂/三—1—(2—甲基氮丙啶)氧化膦体系中环氧基与羧基摩尔比(RE)、氮丙啶基与羧基摩尔比(RM)、固化促进剂和填料对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:随RE的增加,材料的抗拉强度和初始模量提高,断裂伸长率降低;随RM的增加,材料抗拉强度和初始模量先增加后降低,当RM为2.0时,材料的抗拉强度和初始模量最大;当RE和RM相同时,随RE和RM的总量增加,材料的抗拉强度和初始模量提高,断裂伸长率降低;气相法和沉淀法中白炭黑对材料的补强效果优于实验用的其他填料;随填料含量的增加,材料的抗拉强度和初始模量均提高。     

橡胶阻尼材料研究进展

介绍了近几年橡胶阻尼材料的研究进展。橡胶阻尼材料的设计原则是：尽量使滞后损失大，损耗模量高，储存模量低，有效阻尼温度范围宽。影响橡胶阻尼材料减震性能的因素有：材料形态结构，使用温度和振动频率、聚合物共混体系并用比及配合剂种类和用量。橡胶与橡胶、塑料、纤维共混，橡胶接枝和嵌段共聚以及材料结构改进是目前提高橡胶阻尼材料减震性能的主要方法。利用填料压电、压磁等性能制备新型减震材料是阻尼材料的发展方向。     

提升高模量低收缩线绳骨架在V带中应用效果的探讨

通过试验选择使用高模低缩聚酯线绳作为V带骨架强力层材料能提高V带性能;在V带底胶胶料中采用能改善底胶耐热性能和模量稳定性能的助硫化体系与高模量聚酯线绳性能相匹配;添加抗疲劳剂和抗撕裂树脂的耐疲劳体系提高V带的抗疲劳和抗断裂性能;采用在V带浸布胶中添加耐磨剂提高V带耐磨性能等措施提升和体现使用高模量低收缩线绳骨架材料的技术优异性能。     

氨基硅油对阻燃HDPE护套管的改性

通过加入无卤阻燃剂(氢氧化镁)和抑烟剂(水合硼酸锌)使高密度聚乙烯达到阻燃抑烟的效果。测试了试样的拉伸强度、弹性模量、断裂伸长率、氧指数、维卡软化点，并进行了电镜分析。针对无卤阻燃体系韧性下降很大的缺点，采用氨基硅油进行改性。结果表明，氨基硅油可在一定程度上改善材料的韧性，但同时使材料的拉伸强度和模量大幅下降，且不能提高体系的氧指数。     

新型含能材料TKX-50共混体系的力学性能研究

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟研究新型含能材料TKX-50(1,1'-二羟基-5,5'-联四唑二羟胺盐)分别与HMX和RDX形成的TKX-50/HMX混合体系和TKX-50/RDX混合体系的力学性能。主要模拟了TKX-50、HMX和RDX,以及TKX-50/RDX混合体系和TKX-50/HMX混合体系在不同温度下力学性能的变化。研究结果表明TKX-50/RDX混合体系使TKX-50的剪切模量变小,同时使TKX-50的弹性模量减小。TKX-50/HMX混合体系使TKX-50的体积模量变小,使TKX-50的K/G值减小。298K时,TKX-50/HMX混合体系的体积模量,剪切模量,拉伸弹性模量大于HMX,TKX-50/RDX混合体系的体积模量,剪切模量,拉伸弹性模量大于RDX。     

Biaxial stretching of polymers using a novel and versatile stretching system

A novel versatile biaxial stretching module that can be adapted to any uniaxial traction testing machine was developed to generate consecutive or simultaneous two‐directional biaxial stretching at various stretching ratios and draw rates. The module allows direct conversion of the uniaxial machine displacement to transverse displacement with a precise adjustment of the stretch ratio between the transverse of the longitudinal strains. Additionally, the developed device allows simultaneous measurements of films mechanical properties in the two directions. The efficiency and the accuracy of the module were verified without and with standard polymer films such as polypropylene and high density polyethylene. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚丙烯催化合金组成与性能研究

利用国产齐格勒-纳塔催化剂在反应器中合成出了聚丙烯（PP）催化合金,并系统地研究了不同气相聚合压力以及气相单体组成比所合成的聚合物合金组成与性能的关系,结果表明,在反应器中直接合成出的PP催化合金具有非常高的常温冲击强度和低温冲击强度,且随着合金中乙丙共聚物含量的增加而增加,但其模量却随之下降;若控制合金中乙丙共聚物的含量不超过10%,则可使PP合金材料既具有较高的冲击强度又具朋较高的模量。     

溶胀对中空纤维膜萃取器中的流动和传质性能的影响

溶胀是中空纤维膜萃取工业化必须要解决的关键问题之一。本文通过拍摄电镜照片，观察了溶胀前后中空纤维膜表面形态，孔隙率，膜孔径，膜孔道弯曲状况等微观结构的变化。结果表明，溶胀会使中空纤维膜孔隙率减小，膜孔径变小，弯曲因子增大，通过测量发现，溶胀后膜长度增加，而膜的内外径，膜厚基本不变。本文还研究了溶胀时间对中空纤维膜器中的流动及传质效果的影响，通过测量聚丙烯和聚砜中空纤维膜器管程和壳程的停留时间分布曲线表明，对于装填密度较高的膜器，溶胀时间对壳程和管程中的流动状况的影响可以忽略。此外，本文以正辛醇－苯胺－水为实验体系，在中空纤维膜器中进行了循环逆流传质实验。实验证明，由于溶胀使纤维膜阻增加，膜器的传质性能随时间的增加而下降。     

Temperature‐sensitive switch from composite poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) sponge gels

Thermally sensitive polymers change their properties with a change in environmental temperature in a predictable and pronounced way. These changes can be expected in drug delivery systems, solute separation, enzyme immobilization, energy‐transducer processes, and photosensitive materials. We have demonstrated a thermal‐sensitive switch module, which is capable of converting thermal into mechanical energy. We employed this module in the control of liquid transfer. The thermally sensitive switch was prepared by crosslinking poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gel inside the pores of a sponge to generate the composite PNIPAAm/sponge gel. This gel, contained in a polypropylene tube, was inserted into a thermoelectric module equipped with a fine temperature controller. As the water flux through the composite gel changes from 0 to 6.6 × 10² L m⁻² h, with a temperature change from 23 to 40°C, we can reversibly turn on and off the thermally sensitive switch. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75:1735–1739, 2000     

不同润滑剂对PP/POE性能的影响

研究了不同润滑剂对PP／POE（聚丙烯／聚烯烃弹性体）性能的影响。结果表明，硬脂酸类润滑剂对PP／POE的拉伸强度影响不大，硬酯酸盐类润滑剂对PP／POE冲击强度影响不大。硬脂酸类以及非硬脂酸类润滑剂对PP／POE的弯曲模量、热变形温度均有一定的影响。润滑剂一定程度上提高了PP／POE的加工性能，润滑剂在静态以及动态的加工条件下起到的作用是不同的。硬脂酸盐类有利于PP／POE的结晶。     

Phenol recovery with tributyl phosphate in a hollow fiber membrane contactor: Experimental and model analysis

The extraction and stripping of phenol using a solution of tributyl phosphate in kerosene in a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor has been studied. The effect of the aqueous and the organic phase flow rates on the overall mass transfer coefficient for both extraction and stripping steps was investigated. Experimental values of the overall mass transfer coefficient were determined and compared with predicted values from the resistance in series model. Results showed that the overall mass transfer coefficients for extraction were about one order of magnitude greater than those measured during the stripping process. The experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values for the extraction module. However, the predicted values were slightly overestimated for the stripping module. The individual mass transfer resistances were analyzed and the rate-controlling steps of mass transfer were also identified in both extraction and stripping modules. The major resistance in extraction and stripping was in the aqueous phase and in the membrane phase, respectively.     

Characterization and comparative evaluation of polysulfone and polypropylene hollow fiber membranes for blood oxygenators

Blood oxygenators are used to saturate oxygen levels and remove carbon dioxide from the body during cardiopulmonary bypass. Although the natural lung is hydrophilic, commercially used oxygenator materials are hydrophobic. Surface hydrophobicity weakens blood compatibility, as long-term contact with the blood environment may lead to different degrees of blood activity. Polysulfone may be considered an alternative hydrophilic material in the design of oxygenators. Therefore, it may be directed toward developing hydrophilic membranes. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of achieving blood gas transfer with a polysulfone-based microporous hollow fiber membrane and compare it with the commercially available polypropylene membranes. Structural differences in the membrane morphology, surface hydrophilicity, tortuosity, mass transfer rate, and material properties under different operation conditions of temperature and flow rates are reported. The polysulfone membrane has a water contact angle of 81.3°, whereas a commercial polypropylene membrane is 94.5°. The mass transfer resistances (s/m) for the polysulfone and polypropylene membranes are calculated to be 4.8 × 10⁴ and 1.5 × 10⁴ at 25°C, respectively. The module made of polysulfone was placed in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in parallel with the commercial oxygenator, and pH, pO₂, pCO₂ levels, and metabolic activity were measured in blood samples.     

Recycle effect on membrane extraction through cross-flow rectangular modules

The effects of recycle on membrane extraction through a cross-flow rectangular module have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analysis of mass transfer in cross-flow device with and without recycle is analogous to heat transfer in cross-flow heat exchangers. Experiments were carried out with the use of a membrane sheet made of microporous polypropylene as a permeable barrier to extract acetic acid from aqueous solution by methyl isobutyl ketone. Theoretical predictions are in agreement with the experimental results. In contrast to a device without recycle, improvement in mass transfer is achievable if cross-flow membrane extraction is operated in a device of same size with recycle which provides the increase of fluid velocity, resulting in reduction of mass-transfer resistance. It is shown that recycle can enhance mass transfer, especially for large feed-concentration solution with high distribution coefficient operated under high reflux ratio.     

聚丙烯复合材料应用的研究进展

在很多领域中单纯聚丙烯材料因其易被氧化、不易接合等缺点无法被应用,因此对聚丙烯的改性并研究其复合材料有着重大意义,从而扩大聚丙烯的应用范围,进而为社会带来收益。以不同的填充或增强材料来对聚丙烯复合材料进行综述,主要对玻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料、天然纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料和无机填料/聚丙烯复合材料进行描述。     

国内煤制聚丙烯市场现状及应用研究

文章详细论述了国内煤（甲醇）制聚丙烯生产现状及未来几年国内煤（甲醇）制聚丙烯装置扩能情况.同时,文章在概述国内现有煤制聚丙烯装置生产牌号的基础上,重点分析了神华宁夏煤业集团生产的低融指均聚聚丙烯、低融指抗冲共聚聚丙烯、中融指均聚聚丙烯产品的市场应用情况及产品特点并对神华宁煤集团煤基聚丙烯产品未来发展趋势进行了展望.