Effects of Ti-bearing inclusions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MAG multilayer weld metal

The metal active gas (MAG) multilayer weld metal consists of the columnar grain zone (CGZ) and the fine grain zone (FGZ). Mechanical properties and microstructure of the CGZ and FGZ have been analyzed and evaluated. The inclusion with a size of 0.2-1.0 μm is typical log-normal distribution. The morphology of inclusions has been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). With the microalloying element Ti addition, much MnTiO3 phase precipitates on the Mn-silicates matrix, which is beneficial for the nucleation of acicular ferrite (AF). The probable mechanism for the nucleation of AF has been discussed.     

焊接方法对1000MPa级熔敷金属组织及力学性能的影响

在相同热输入下分别采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(MAG)和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)进行1 000 MPa级熔敷金属试验,通过光学显微镜、透射电镜及断口分析等手段研究焊接方法对其组织和性能的影响. 结果表明,MAG焊熔敷效率明显高于TIG焊,MAG焊中出现了明显的"指状熔深". MAG焊熔敷金属及道间热影响区组织明显较TIG焊粗化. TIG焊熔敷金属组织细化、分布取向多样化且均匀分布的较多残余奥氏体是TIG焊低温冲击韧性优异的原因之一;MAG焊中生成大量非金属夹杂物易成为解理断裂起裂源,是导致熔敷金属冲击韧性恶化的因素之一. TIG焊力学性能明显优于MAG焊,这与焊接方法所导致的组织构成及夹杂物有直接关系.     

CrMo耐热钢气体保护焊接接头焊缝金属的组织与性能

采用ф1.2 mm实芯焊丝对CrMo耐热钢进行了热输入量为8和18 kJ/cm的富氩气体保护焊试验,对焊板整体进行焊后热处理后,研究了焊缝金属的组织与性能。结果表明,随着热输入量从8 kJ/cm增加至18 kJ/cm,焊缝金属组织由板条贝氏体(LB)+粒状贝氏体(GB)转变为GB+少量多边形铁素体(PF);随着回火温度从620℃升高至660℃,焊缝金属中M-A组元逐渐分解,碳化物在基体上弥散析出;同时,焊缝金属韧性随热输入增加和回火温度降低而降低,硬度随热输入增加和回火温度升高而减小。     

热输入对3Cr耐候钢MAG焊缝金属组织和性能的影响

采用三种热输入进行3Cr耐候钢MAG焊,借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜分析了热输入对焊缝金属组织和性能的影响.结果表明,三种热输入焊缝金属组织主要由板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和M-A组元组成.随着焊接热输入的增加,焊缝组织中粒状贝氏体含量增加;M-A组元含量增加且尺寸增大.随着热输入的增加,焊缝金属冲击韧性降低.组织粗化、M-A组元含量增加尺寸增大是导致其韧性降低的主要原因.接头不同区域耐蚀性能相当,腐蚀产物主要由α-FeOOH组成.热输入为8~12 kJ,采用所选焊丝焊接高强耐候钢能够获得强韧性、耐蚀性匹配良好的焊接接头.热输入为8 kJ,接头综合性能最佳.     

Effect of copper on mechanical properties of high strength SMAW weld-metal

Mechanical properties of SMA W （shielded metal arc welding） weld metal （ yield strength higher than 900 MPa ） with systemazic additions of copper （ up to 1.48 wt% ） were tested, The microstructure and precipitates in different regions were analyzed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope, The results indicate that copper improves the low temperature toughness of weld metal when the copper content is low and reaches the peak value 48 J （ at - 50℃ ） with 0. 2 wt% copper additions. When the content is high the copper precipitates as 8-Cu phase in the reheat zone of middle beads. These precipitates improve the strength of the weld metal evidently （ yield strength up to 975 MPa） without obvious effect on the low temperature toughness. The copper within 1.1 wt% content can improve the strength without toughness loss.     

Nb对690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）观察以及相图计算、拉伸试验、硬度试验,分析了Nb对三组690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属组织与性能的影响。结果表明：熔敷金属中的Nb以碳化物MC（M=Nb, Ti）相的形式析出。随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属中奥氏体晶粒的长大受到抑制,晶粒变细,晶界面积增大;随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属中的MC析出相增加,M23C6（M=Cr, Fe）析出相减少,晶界变得更加曲折,高温低塑性裂纹敏感性降低;随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属的硬度值和塑性提高。     

稀土氧化物对焊缝微观组织和性能的影响及作用机理

研究了稀土添加剂氧化钇对焊缝微观组织、化学成分以及焊缝金属力学性能的影响,并分析了氧化钇的作用机制.试验研究结果表明,氧化钇对细化焊缝组织、改善夹杂物形状和分布状态、降低熔敷金属中硫含量和扩散氢含量以及提高焊缝金属低温冲击性能等方面具有明显作用.     

塑性变形对BT20钛合金焊缝组织和力学性能的影响

分析塑性变形对BT20钛合金焊缝组织和力学性能的影响。试验采用钨极氩弧焊对接焊形式对BT20钛合金施焊;焊接接头的塑性变形试验在油压机上进行,变形过程中采用了双保温措施。结果表明：钨极氩弧焊是一种适合BT20钛合金的焊接方法,在其它焊接参数一致的情况下,电流越小,焊接质量越好;塑性变形加退火可显著改善BT20钛合金焊缝的材料组织、细化晶粒,提高焊缝金属材料的力学性能。     

Q690C低碳粒贝钢多层MAG焊接头组织与性能

为提高效率、获得理想断裂位置并改善热影响区韧性,对控扎控冷工艺生产的8 mm厚Q690C低碳粒贝钢,选用等强度匹配的焊丝,采用无预热、低热输入(10 kJ/cm以下)三层全自动MAG工艺施焊.结果表明,无裂纹与成形缺陷;拉、弯与冲击性能均合格.焊缝为针状铁素体,韧性优异;仅在较窄的部分相变区(单道约0.2~0.4 mm)因回火而出现软化,但未对抗拉性能形成危害;因热输入低,拉伸断裂位置距焊缝更远;虽然熔合区与粗晶区为粗大平行上贝板条束+M-A组元,出现了硬化,但低热输入的低过热效果与两次后续焊道对贝氏体基体的明显回火作用改善了熔合区在0℃的冲击韧性.     

焊接工艺对TP304钢焊缝金属组织及性能的影响

针对TP304不锈钢,采用三种不同的焊接工艺方法,选取合适的焊接工艺参数,成功制备三组完整的焊接接头.通过X荧光化学成分分析、显微组织观察和显微硬度试验研究了不同焊接方法对TP304不锈钢焊缝金属组织和性能的影响.结果表明,不同焊接方法下焊缝合金成分有所差异,且分布不均;各焊层显微组织形态和晶粒大小差异较大;整个接头的硬度值分布并不均匀,焊缝高于热影响区,热影响区高于母材.三种焊接方法相比,TIG-MAG焊缝的硬度值最大,TIG-SMAW的最小.对于薄板不锈钢焊接,TIG-MAG组合焊法优选.     

焊材Ni含量对海工钢EQ47气保接头组织和性能的影响

采用高Ni和低Ni含量两种药芯焊丝对30 mm厚海工钢板EQ47进行了热输入量为17 kJ/cm的多层多道气保焊接试验,通过测试焊接接头微观组织、硬度和冲击性能,分析了Ni含量对焊缝和热影响区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,焊接接头焊缝区主要由针状铁素体（AF）和晶界铁素体构成,高Ni含量焊缝中的针状铁素体体积含量高于低Ni含量焊缝,这也导致高Ni含量焊缝相对于低Ni焊缝具有较高的硬度和低温韧性。两个焊接接头热影响区的组织类别相似,粗晶区和细晶区分别由上贝氏体,铁素体和珠光体构成,而临界粗晶区则在上贝氏体的晶界上出现了M-A组元。高Ni含量接头的粗晶区由于Ni含量高于低Ni接头,导致其硬度（249 HV0.5）高于低Ni接头粗晶区（235 HV0.5）;Ni含量的差异也导致了高Ni接头的临界粗晶区中的硬度（244 HV0.5）高于低Ni接头（233 HV0.5）,这是由于前者的M-A组元的尺寸和含量高于后者。冲击性能结果表明：高Ni含量接头热影响区的冲击性能低于低Ni含量接头,这是由于使用高Ni焊材熔入粗晶区的Ni含量更高,导致粗晶区和临界粗晶区硬度升高,韧性降低。高Ni焊材有助于焊缝区的韧性,而低Ni焊材则有利于热影响区的韧性。     

Influence of rare earth element Y on composition, microstructure and inclusion of the weld

In this paper, the influence of rare element Y on the composition, microstructure and inclusions of the weld metal has been studied by using the method of "alloy addition in a molten pool". The results show: (1) The composition of the weld metal is not obviously affected by little amount of Y-SiFe addition. (2) Y-SiFe can make weld microstructure fine and raise the hardness of the weld. (3) Y-SiFe has not obvious influence on the inclusion size. (4) When the amount of Y is a little, Y accumulates in the silicates of Ti, Mn and other compound inclusion with MnS.     

环境压力对焊缝组织和性能的影响

为了研究不同环境压力(与水深相当)对Q345钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响规律,采用GMAW焊接方法对Q345钢进行坡口堆焊试验,并对所得焊缝进行组织分析和力学性能检验。试验表明,不同压力环境下,焊缝的宏观形貌变化明显,参数不变的情况下0.4 MPa和0.5 MPa下所得焊缝出现气孔和未熔合现象;随着环境压力增加,焊缝熔池中金属的冷却速度变快,焊缝组织中上贝氏体含量增加,先先共析铁素体的形态由块状转变为针状铁素体;环境压力越高,焊缝过热去冷却速度变快,在过冷奥氏体晶界上铁素体魏氏组织含量逐渐增加。随着环境压力变大,焊缝的维氏硬度略有提高;不同环境压力中,采用相同工艺参数所得的焊接接头,其抗拉强度大于母材抗拉强度,拉伸试件均断于母材。     

Effects of flux composition on the element transfer and mechanical properties of weld metal in submerged arc welding

Submerged arc welding was performed using metal-cored wires and fluxes with different compositions. The effects of wire/flux combination on the chemical composition, tensile strength, and impact toughness of the weld metal were investigated and interpreted in terms of element transfer between the slag and the weld metal, i.e., Δ quantity. Both carbon and manganese show negative Δ quantity in most combinations, indicating the transfer of the elements from the weld metal to the slag during welding. The amount of transfer, however, is different depending on the flux composition. More basic fluxes yield less negative Δ C and Δ Mn through the reduction of oxygen content in the weld metal and presumably higher Mn activity in the slag, respectively. The transfer of silicon, however, is influenced by Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZrO₂ contents in the flux. Δ Si becomes less negative and reaches a positive value of 0.044 as the oxides contents increase. This is because Al, Ti, and Zr could replace Si in the SiO₂ network, leaving more Si free to transfer from the slag to the weld metal. Accordingly, the Pcm index of weld metals calculated from chemical compositions varies from 0.153 to 0.196 depending on the wire/flux combination, and it almost has a linear relationship with the tensile strength of the weld metal.     

Inclusion behavior and microstructure of weld metal with Ce in twin wire high heat input submerged-arc welding

In this study,the welding thermal cycle curve exhibited two temperature peaks in high heat-input twin-wire separate-pool submerged-arc welding and coarse-grained heat affected zone existed in the welded joint. The inclusions of primary weld metal and coarse-grained heat affected zone of Ce-added SAW should be Al_2O_3,MnO,SiO_2,TiO,Ce_2S_3,CeS,Ce_2O_2S and Ce_2O_3. Under the effect of welding thermal cycle,oxy-sulfides inclusions of Ce,the diameter of which was less than 2. 0 μm,slightly grew larger,but the composition and type of the inclusions didn't change. The microstructure of the large heat input weld metal had acicular ferrite that Ce oxide sulphide particles induced nucleation and proeutectoid ferrite. In the coarse-grained heat affected zone of weld metal,home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite were both observed. It was supposed that previous crystal cells of acicular ferrite in austenite grain promoted home-position precipitation of acicular ferrite. Meanwhile,sympathetic acicular ferrite tended to nucleate at the primary acicular ferrite grain boundaries,where high dislocation density was located,and grew inside the neighboring carbon-depleted austenitic regions. The granular bainite nucleated in the austenitic zone with high carbon content close to acicular ferrite and sympathetic acicular ferrite.     

焊丝成分对SiCp/6061 Al复合材料MIG焊焊缝组织及性能的影响

采用Al-Mg及Al-Si两种焊丝分别对SiCp/6061Al复合材料进行了MIG焊及脉冲MIG焊,利用光学显微镜、电子显微镜及MTS-810试验机对焊缝的组织及性能进行了分析.结果表明,采用Al-Mg焊丝焊接时,无论是MIG焊还是脉冲MIG焊,熔池中Al-SiC间的界面反应程度均较大,生成了较多的针状Al4C3,且Al4C3的尺寸较大.采用Al-Si焊丝时,MIG焊熔池中的界面反应程度显著降低,仅生成了少量尺寸较小的针状Al4C3;而采用Al-Si焊丝的脉冲MIG焊焊缝中没有发现针状Al4C3.同时,利用Al-Si焊丝可有效地防止焊缝熄弧处的宏观结晶裂纹.力学性能试验表明,采用同样焊丝时,脉冲MIG焊接头的强度及伸长率比MIG焊接头的高,而用Al-Si焊丝焊接的接头强度比用Al-Mg焊丝焊接的接头强度高.     

熔化极气体保护焊焊缝成形的关键工艺条件

目前熔化极气体保护焊在广泛应用于很多行业,但由于缺乏系统全面介绍该焊接方法工艺的资料,同时熔化极气体保护焊工艺又较为复杂,导致不少多年从事熔化极气体保护焊的工作人员也很难将焊接工艺编制和焊接参数调节工作做得较圆满,阻碍了熔化极气体保护焊的应用与推广,因此研究总结熔化极气体保护焊工艺具有现实意义。在应用熔化极气体保护焊的基础上,用实验验证了焊接电流、电弧电压、干伸长度和焊接速度对焊缝成形的影响,分析总结了其对焊缝形状的影响规律,为熔化极气体保护焊技术的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

焊丝成分对SiCp/6061Al复合材料MIG焊焊缝组织及性能的影响

采用Al-Mg及Al—Si两种焊丝分别对SiCp／6061Al复合材料进行了MIG焊及脉冲MIG焊，利用光学显微镜、电子显微镜及MTS-810试验机对焊缝的组织及性能进行了分析。结果表明，采用Al—Mg焊丝焊接时，无论是MIG焊还是脉冲MIG焊，熔池中Al-SiC间的界面反应程度均较大，生成了较多的针状Al4C3，且Al4C3的尺寸较大。采用Al-Si焊丝时，MIG焊熔池中的界面反应程度显著降低，仅生成了少量尺寸较小的针状Al4C3；而采用Al—Si焊丝的脉冲MIG焊焊缝中没有发现针状Al4C3。同时，利用Al—Si焊丝可有效地防止焊缝熄弧处的宏观结晶裂纹。力学性能试验表明，采用同样焊丝时，脉冲MIG焊接头的强度及伸长率比MIG焊接头的高，而用Al-Si焊丝焊接的接头强度比用Al—Mg焊丝焊接的接头强度高。     

冷却速率对高氮钢焊缝组织和性能的影响

研究了水冷和空冷条件下高氮不锈钢焊缝金属微观组织和力学性能的变化规律,讨论了冷却速率对高氮不锈钢焊缝微观组织和力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,冷却速率增加能够有效增加高氮钢焊缝金属中的氮含量,尤其对于含氮量0.85%的高氮含量焊丝,增氮效果更明显. 冷却速率增加对高氮钢焊缝金属抗拉强度提高程度取决于焊丝中的氮含量,对于低氮含量高氮钢焊丝,冷却速率增加能够显著提高焊缝金属抗拉强度,当焊丝中氮含量超过0.58%时,冷却速率增加对焊缝金属抗拉强度影响不大,最终接头强度达到850 MPa.     

Vision-based detection of MAG weld pool

Weld pool contains significant information about the welding process. The weld pool images of MAG welding are detected by LaserStrobe system. An algorithm for extracting weld pool edge is proposed according to the characteristics of MAG weld pool images. The maximum weld pool length and width are calculated. The measurement data can be used to verify the results of welding process simulation and to provide a good foundation for automatic control of MAG welding process.