Phase and Rietveld Refinement of Pyrochlore Gd_2Zr_2O_7 Used for Immobilization of Pu(Ⅳ)

The phase of pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 used for immobilization of Pu(Ⅳ) was investigated, tetravalent cerium was used as the simulacrum for plutonium with tetravalence, and the compounds in the system Gd2Zr2-x Ce x O7(0.0 x 2.0) were synthesized via a high temperature solid reaction method with Gd2O3 and ZrO2 powders being used as the starting materials. Based on the collected XRD data of the gained samples, the phase and microstructural change of compounds were calculated by means of rietveld structural refinement method. The experimental results indicated that the phases of compounds were changed from pyrochlore to fluorite-type phase with the increasing x. The linear relation between a and x was discovered in the range of fluorite-type phase, which accorded with a = 0.52748 + 0.00825 x(0.2 x 2.0), while V = 0.14668 + 0.00711 x(0.2 x 2.0) was also achieved.     

Critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→hcp(ε) in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys

By the application of Chou's new geometry model and the available data from binary Fe-Mn, Fe-Si and Mn-Si systems, as well as SGTE DATA for lattice stability parameters of three elements from Dinsdale, the Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature of the fcc(γ) and hep(ε) phases in the Fe-Mn-Si system is reevaluated. The relationship between the Neel temperature of the γ phase and concentration of constituents in mole fraction, is fitted and verified by the experimental results. The critical driving force for the martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→ hep (ε), △ G_C~(γ→ε), defined as the free energy difference between γ and ε phases at M_s of various alloys can also be obtained with a known M_s. It is found that the driving force varies with the composition of alloys, e. g. △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 100.99 J/mol in Fe-27.0Mn-6.0Si and △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 122.11 J/mol in Fe-26.9Mn-3.37Si. The compositional dependence of critical driving force accorded with the expression formulated by Hsu of the     

Phase and Rietveld Refinement of Pyroehlore Gd_2Zr_2O_7 Used for Immobilization of Pu （Ⅳ）

The phase of pyrochlore Gd_2Zr_2O_7 used for immobilization of Pu （Ⅳ） was investigated, tetravalent cerium was used as the simulacrum for plutonium with tetravalence, and the compounds in the system Gd_2Zr_2-_xCe_xO_7 （0.0≤x≤2.0） were synthesized via a high temperature solid reaction method with Gd_2O_3 and ZrO_2 powders being used as the starting materials. Based on the collected XRD data of the gained samples, the phase and microstructural change of compounds were calculated by means of rietveld structural refinement method. The experimental results indicated that the phases of compounds were changed from pyrochlore to fluorite-type phase with the increasing x. The linear relation between a and x was discovered in the range of fluorite-type phase, which accorded with a = 0.52748 ＋ 0.00825 x （0.2≤x≤2.0）, while V= 0.14668 ＋ 0.00711 x （0.2≤x≤2.0） was also achieved.     

Solvent extraction mechanism and precipitation stripping of bismuth(Ⅲ) in hydrochloric acid medium by tributyl phosphate

Tributyl phosphate(TBP) was employed for the Bi(Ⅲ) extraction from hydrochloric acid medium.The effects of extraction time and material concentration were examined.The replacement mechanism between the anion(Cl~-) and TBP was proposed for extraction.The results show the species extracted into the organic phase were found to be mainly BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3).Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction reaction were obtained from the thermodynamics analysis,which illustrates that higher temperatures show a negative effect on the extraction.Extraction isotherm was obtained with 2.16 mol/L TBP for a typical solution containing 0.1 mol/L of bismuth and 1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid.About 98.5 % of bismuth has been extracted from the leaching solution under the optimum condition.Moreover,oxalate was explored as a precipitation stripping agent for BiCl_3·x TBP(x=2 or 3) complexes,by which Bi(Ⅲ) was stripped in the form of Bi_2(C_2O_4)_3·7H_2O.A stripping efficiency of 99.3% was obtained in only one stage at the phase ratio of 1 and TBP also could be recycled.Therefore,the method is an efficient,effective and highly selective approach to extract Bi(Ⅲ) and to recover metal bismuth.     

Structure and Dielectric Properties of ZnO and Nb2O5 Doped BaO-TiO2 System Microwave Ceramics

The microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of BaTi4.3ZnyO9.6 y 0.02 mol% SnO2 0.01 mol% MnCO3 x mol% Nb2O5(x=0-0.05, y=0-0.08) system ceramics were studied as a function of the amount of ZnO and Nb2O5 doped. Addition of (y=0-0.05) ZnO and (x=0-0.025) Nb2O5 enhanced the reactivity and decreased the sintering temperature effectively. It also increased the dielectric constant εr and quality factor Q(=1/tan δ) of the system due to the substitution of Ti4 ions with incorporating Zn2 and Nb5 ions, which was analyzed by the reaction ZnO Nb2O5 3 TiTiX→ZnTi 2NbTi 3TiO2. When the system doped with (y=0.05) ZnO and (x=0.025) Nb2O5 were sintered at 1 160 ℃ for 6 h, the εr, Qfo value and τf were 36.5, 42 000 GHz, and 1.8 ppm/℃, respectively, at 5 GHz.     

Preparation and Application of Active Composite Antibacterial Material Containing Ag^＋ and Zn^2＋

A kind of active composite antibacterial material was prepared with CaHPO4 as the container, Ag^＋ and Zn^2＋ were adsorbed through ion-exchange, then it was doped with small scale of rare earth and photocatalyst, and was finally calcined at a certain temperature. The properties and application of the composite material antibacterial were investigated. Some tests show that the as-prepared antibacterial powders modified by opaque agents such os SnO2 and ZrO2, possess beautiful white and excellent climate resistance at normal temperatures and are promising candidate materials for antibacterial plastics and dope. The result of the application in glaze indicates that Ag^＋ can still exist stably, with no color change for the glaze, even being sintered at 1200℃ . SEM , EDS , antibacterial activity analyses and contrast tests reveal that the as-prepared antibacterial powders and the antibacterial glaze both have excellent antibacterial activities, without color change, in the case of dark or brightness.     

An investigation on electrochemical performances of as-cast and annealed La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six（x = 0-0.2） alloy electrodes for Ni/MH battery application

The La-Mg-Ni-based A2B7-type La0.5Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six （x=0-0.2） electrode alloys were prepared by casting and annealing. The influences of the additional silicon and the annealing treatment on the structure and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systemically. Both of the analyses of XRD and SEM reveal that the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as one minor phase LaNi3. The addition of Si and annealing treatment bring on an evident change in the phase abundances and cell parameters of （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 phase for the alloy without altering its phase structure. The phase abundances decrease from 74.3% （x=0） to 57.8% （x=0.2） for the （La, Mg）2Ni7 phase, and those of LaNi5 phase increase from 20.2% （x~0） to 37.3% （x=0.2）. As for the electrochemical measurements, adding Si and performing annealing treatment have engendered obvious impacts. The cycle stability of the alloys is improved dramatically, being enhanced from 80.3% to 93.7% for the as-annealed （950 ℃） alloys with Si content increasing from 0 to 0.2. However, the discharge capacity is reduced by adding Si, from 399.4 to 345.3 mA.h/g as the Si content increases from 0 to 0.2. Furthermore, such addition makes the electrochemical kinetic properties of the alloy electrodes first increase and then decrease. Also, it is found that the overall electrochemical properties of the alloys first augment and then fall with the annealing temperature rising.     

Phase and Structure in the System Gd_(2-x)Eu_xZr_2O_7 (0.0≤x≤2.0)

Pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 are considered as an excellent candidate for treatment of radioactive waste forms, because of its superior physical, chemical and anti-irradiation properties. To investigate the phase and structure of pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 used for immobilizing Pu(Ⅲ), trivalent europium was used as the simulacrum for plutonium with trivalence. The compounds of stoichiometry Gd2-xEuxZr2O7(0.0x2.0) synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction method, were analyzed with the help of XRD and Rietveld structural refinement method. The results indicated that the phases of compounds continuously kept the phase of pyrochlore under our experimental condition. The linear relation between a andxwas discovered in the system of Gd2-xEuxZr2O7(0.0≤x≤2.0) at 1 773 K, which accorded with a=10.538 41+0.008 95 x, V=1 170.373 32+2.985 97 x.     

Energy Consumption in Comminution of Mica with Cavitation Abrasive Water Jet

We have studied the efficiency of energy consumption in the comminution of mica powder with cavitation abrasive water jet technology. The energy required to create new surfaces in the comminution of mica powder with cavitation abrasive water jet was calculated,in order to estimate its efficiency of energy consumption. The particle size distribution and the specific surface area were measured by applying a JEM-200CX transmission electron microscope and an Autosorb-1 automatic surface area analyzer. The study results show that the efficiency of energy consumed in creating new surface areas is as high as 2.92%,or 4.94% with the aid of cavitation in the comminution of mica powder. This efficiency will decrease with an increase in the number of comminutions. After three comminutions,the efficien-cies will become 1.91% and 2.29% for comminution without cavitation and with cavitation,respectively. The abrasive water jet technology is an effective way for comminution of mica powder.     

Crystal Structure Stability of Simulated Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3(x=0-0.12) Waste Forms

A series of Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3(x = 0-12) solid solutions were synthesized by a solid state reaction process.The effects of reaction temperature and dopant on the crystallinity,microstructure and morphology of Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3(x=0-0.12) were investigated.Pure and single-phase perovskite-type Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3(x0.08) solid solutions were obtained at 1 400 ℃ for 6 h.The perovskite-type SrTiO_3 and pyrochlore-phase Y_2Ti_2O_7 coexisted for x = 0.08-0.12,leading to an unstable and unfavourable solid solution structure for long-term immobilization of the ~(90)Sr.The X-ray diffraction patterns for Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the formation of a Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3(x = 0-0.12) continuous solid solution.Stretching and bending vibrations were assigned in the infrared region.The SrTiO_3 grain size increased with Y content.The leaching behavior of Y~(3+) from the waste forms of Sr_(1-1.5x)Y_xTiO_3 was controlled by its structural change.     

全空间上一类Kirchhoff型问题正基态解的存在性

在全空间上应用Nehari流形和集中紧性原理研究了如下一类Kirehhoff型问题:{-(a+b∫RN|▽u|2dx)▽u+u=Q(x)|u|p-2u,∈RN;u∈H1(RN),u＞0,x ∈RN,并证明了该问题至少存在一个正基态解.该结果补充了文献[1-4]关于正基态解的存在性结果.     

具有p -Laplacian算子的delta-nabla分数阶 差分边值问题正解的存在性

考虑具有p -Laplacian算子的delta -nabla分数阶差分方程边值问题: {Δ^β_{α -2}(φ_p(_b▽^αx(t)))+λ f(t-α+β+1,x(t-α+β+1),[_b▽^εx(t)]_{t -α +β + ε +1})=0, t∈T; x(b)=0, _{b -1}▽^{α -1}x(α-2)=[_{b +α -2}▽^-ωg(t,x(t))]_{t =α -ω -1}; [_b▽^αx(t)]_{α -2}=0, [_b▽^αx(t)]_{α + b -2}=0. 其中b∈Z⁺, T=[α-β-1,b+α-β-1]_{Ν<sup>α -β -1}, 1≤α, β≤2, 3<α+β≤4, 0<ω<1, λ∈(0,+∞), Δ^β_{α -2}和 _b▽^α分别是左右分数阶差分算子,并且φ_p(s)=|s|^{p -2}s, p>1.利用上下解方法和Schauder不动点定理,得到了上述边值问题正解的存在性.     

对称C4二硫醚—丙酮—水三元体系在308.15K下的液液平衡研究

对称C4二硫醚—丙酮—水三元体系是在合成对称C4二硫醚的工艺中碰到的一个比较新的体系.在常压308.15 K下,用浊点法,平衡釜法分别测定对称C4二硫醚—丙酮—水三元体系的溶解度数据和结线数据(对称C4二硫醚包括正丁基二硫醚、仲丁基二硫醚和叔丁基二硫醚),得到了三元液液平衡体系的共轭相组成并由此绘得相平衡曲线.用内标法准确地测定了对称C4二硫醚及丙酮的含量,在单相区域对实验进行了验证实验均方误差1.56%.对称C4二硫醚—丙酮—水三元体系的研究结果表明有利于回收对称C4二硫醚.研究有利于对称C4二硫醚清洁合成工艺的设计和控制.     

Effect of Pb Substitution on the Microstructure and Ferroelectric Properties of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 Ceramic

Ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3(BST) and partially Pb2+ substituted for Ba2+ ceramics (Bao.7-xPbx)Sr0.3TiO3 (x=0.1-0.4,BPST) were prepared by using conventional solid-reaction method.XRD analysis shows that the samples microstructure changes from cubic phase to tetragonal one with the Pb2+ content increasing.ESEM analysis shows that the Pb2+ substituted samples have a denser and more uniform surface morphology than that of pure BST.Measured electrical properties suggest that the Pb2+ substitution for Ba2+ in the BST system enhances the ferroelectric performance obviously when x=0.2.In addition,the substitution increases the samples Curie temperature (Tc).(Ba0.5Pb0.2)Sr0.3TiO3 ceramic has good ferroelectric properties measured at a maximal electric field of 30 kV/cm under the condition of room temperature.The corresponding saturated polarization (Ps),remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) is respectively 15.687 μC/cm2,8.100μ C/cm2 and 6.611 kV/cm.The measured Tc of (Ba0.5Pb0.2)Sr0.3TiO3 is 117 ℃.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and magnetic properties of FeCoNiCuTiSi_x high-entropy alloys

The microstructure, mechanical properties and magnetic properties of FeCoNiCuTiSi_x(x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5) highentropy alloys were studied in detail in the present paper. The crystal structure changes from FCC+Laves to FCC+BCC+Laves phases, as the Si content increases. Cu is more segregated with the increase in Si content, which can be explained from a thermodynamic point of view. The FeCoNiCuTi high-entropy alloy has good compression mechanical properties, and the fracture strength, fracture strain, and Vickers hardness are 1584.2 MPa, 3.3% and 483.2 HV, respectively. However, the plasticity of the alloy decreases slightly as the Si content increases. The highest fracture strength obtained in this study is 1841.7 MPa at x=0.1.     

Morse 临界群在椭圆方程组中的应用

应用Morse 临界群讨论了如下的变分型的非线性椭圆方程组的非平凡解的存在性:(P) -Δu=λ(m11(x)u+m12(x)ν)+n1(x)|u|q-2u+Fu(x,u,ν) x∈Ω-Δν=λ(m21(x)u+m22(x)ν)+n2(x)|ν|q-2ν+Fv(x,u,ν) x∈Ωu|Ω=ν|Ω=0这儿,q∈(1,2), ni(x)可允许变号,这使得本文的结果是新的.     

Nd3+在锆英石中的固溶度研究

为了研究Nd3+(三价锕系核素的模拟物)在锆英石固化体中的固溶度,以ZrO2、SiO2和Nd2O3粉体作原料,按照化学计量式Zr1-xNd4x/3SiO4(x=0.01～0.10)设计配方,利用高温固相反应法对固化体进行制备。利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对所制备固化体的物相、结构和微观形貌进行了分析。研究发现在温度1 773K,保温72h条件下,合成出固化Nd3+的锆英石固化体,当x=0.01时(Nd3+的固溶度原子量百分比为1%),固化体具有锆英石结构,当x≥0.02时,出现了Nd2Si2O7衍射峰,表明Nd3+在锆英石固化体中Zr4+位的固溶度为1%(x=0.01)。     

K~+，Yb~(3+)：BaWO_4晶体光谱性能研究

为提高Yb~(3+)离子在BaWO_4晶体中的掺入量,采用了双掺K~+离子的方法,增大Yb~(3+)离子的分凝系数,使K~+(x(K~+)=0.01),Yb~(3+)(x(Yb~(3+))=0.02):BaWO_4晶体在977 nm处的吸收系数达到α=0.494 cm~(-1).研究了波长为930 nm的LD激光抽运时相应于Yb~(3+)离子~2F_(5/2)→~2F_(7/2)跃迁的960～1 020 nm的荧光光谱,其在1 005 nm处的发射截面σ_(?)=6.286 pm~2,荧光寿命为0.4 ms.实验表明K~+,Yb~(3+):BaWO_4是一种新型近红外激光晶体。     

激光晶体ZnWO_4:Cr~(3+)的光谱特征

通过对ZnWO_4:Cr~(3+)激光晶体发光特性的研究发现,随掺杂浓度的变化,荧光强度明显改变,在掺人Cr_2O_3浓度为0.005％和0.08％时有两个峰值;并发现低浓度与高浓度的激发峰分别为622nm和608nm。激发波长变化时,荧光强度发生改变,用532nm激发时,仍有较强的荧光。     

确定方程u_t—(k(x)u_x)_x+B(x)u_x+c(x)u=0未知系数k(x)的反问题

本文讨论了抛物型方程μ_i-(k(x)u_x)_x+B(x)u_x+c(x)u=0确定和空间变量有关的未知系数k(x)的反问题,给出了反问题解的存在性,唯一性。