割圈绒织物克重的控制

割圈绒织物自20世纪80年代未在国内批量生产以来，经过十多年发展，无论是生产厂家的数量还是生产总量都达到了相当大的规模。     

A dense network of dendritic cells populates the murine epididymis

One of the most intriguing aspects of male reproductive physiology is the ability to generate spermatogenic cells - which are 'foreign' to the host - without triggering immune activation. After leaving the testis, spermatozoa enter the epididymis where they mature and are stored. In this study, we report a previously unrecognized dense network of dendritic cells (DCs) located at the base of the epididymal epithelium. This network was detected in transgenic mice expressing CD11c-EYFP and CX3CR1-GFP reporters. Epididymal DCs (eDCs) establish intimate interactions with the epithelium and project long dendrites between epithelial cells toward the lumen. We show that isolated eDCs express numerous leukocyte markers described previously in other organs that are in contact with the external environment, and present and cross-present ovalbumin to T cells in vitro. eDCs are, therefore, strategically positioned to regulate the complex interplay between immune tolerance and activation, a balance that is fundamental to male fertility.     

苍白肌糖原、硫胺含量的分析

通过测定重度和轻度苍白肌糖原和硫胺的含量, 比较分析了苍白肌与正常肌肉显著性差异的影响因素.     

American India Pale Ale matrix rich in xanthohumol is potent in suppressing proliferation and elevating apoptosis of human colon cancer cells

American India Pale Ales (IPAs) with and without addition of dark/roasted malts (DRM) and dry hopping (DP) were analysed to determine whether these processes will increase total phenolic content (TP), antioxidant capacity (AA) and the levels of bioactive compounds (xanthohumol, XN and isoxanthohumol, IX). In addition, bioactivity of whole beer matrices, that is, the ‘phytochemical team approach,’ was compared to isolated compounds, the ‘silver bullet approach,’ by measuring antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic properties using HCT 116 human colon cancer cells. DP and addition of DRM elevated the XN, IX, TP and AA. Dark malts reduced losses in XN and TP due to filtration. Xanthohumol content positively correlated with phenolic content (r = 0.88, P = 0.0002), indicating that the processes which increased xanthohumol content also elevated other bioactive compounds in beer. However, whole extract from IPAs were more potent in suppressing proliferation and elevating apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared with xanthohumol alone.     

猪苍白肌游离氨基酸简易测定

运用简易测定方法,了解苍白肌中游离氨基酸的消长.     

PSE肉的形成机制及预防措施

本文详细阐述了PSE肉的特点及形成机制，分析了PSE肉形成的影响因素，根据其形成原因制定了行之有效的预防措施。     

尼古丁诱导人肠道上皮细胞自噬水平的研究

  目的  探讨尼古丁对人肠道上皮细胞自噬水平的影响和可能的分子机制。  方法  正常培养人肠道上皮细胞, 采用不同浓度(0、2.5、5、10μM)尼古丁处理细胞24h。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化; 通过CCK8法检测肠道上皮细胞的增殖情况; 通过Western blot检测自噬标志物LC3、beclin1和p62变化; 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测自噬小体形成情况; 通过GFPLC3转染后激光共聚焦显微镜检测自噬斑点形成情况。同时, 也检测了内质网应和mTOR/AMPK/Akt信号通路变化。  结果  细胞增殖随着尼古丁浓度的增加受到明显抑制, 2.5μM尼古丁对细胞形态和增殖无显著影响。尼古丁能够上调LC3B-II和beclin1蛋白表达水平, 同时下调P62的表达, 且成浓度依赖性。TEM和激光共聚焦显示尼古丁作用后, 肠道上皮细胞自噬体数量显著增加。  结论  低浓度的尼古丁能够诱导肠道上皮细胞的自噬, 且对细胞增殖无影响, 机制与内质网应激和mTOR/Akt信号通路激活相关。      

猪的白肌病与白肌肉的鉴别

介绍白肌病与白肌肉的病变部位、产生的原因及病变肉的特征,以便于将二者与正常肉区别开来.     

应用板框压滤机去除白酱油中细菌数的工艺研究

应用板框压滤机和硅藻土助滤剂对白酱油进行过滤除菌试验,结果表明．过滤后酱油体态澄清,理化指标无明显变化．细菌菌落总数小于10 000cfu／mL;该工艺还有助于节能降耗,提高生产效率。     

Bovine mammary myoepithelial cells. 2. Interactions with epithelial cells in vitro.

The objective of this study was to examine interactions of bovine myoepithelial and epithelial cells in vitro. Mammary tissue was dissociated with collagenase into myoepithelial and epithelial cells. Myoepithelial and epithelial cells were separated by differential centrifugation. Both cell types were cultured on plastic in RPMI-1640 and Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% horse serum and 5% fetal bovine serum. Our data revealed that conditioned medium from epithelial cells caused a small but significant reduction in proliferation of myoepithelial cells from fetal mammary glands. Myoepithelial-epithelial cell interaction in culture was characterized by myoepithelial cells with extended filopodia that could grow on top of confluent monolayers of epithelial cells, imitating the in vivo situation. In confluent monolayers of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in coculture, small domelike structures consisting of mixtures of epithelial and myoepithelial cells were observed. These structures greatly resembled the in vivo organization of the bovine mammary gland. Furthermore, myoepithelial cells were capable of migration toward individual colonies of epithelial cells or single epithelial cells. Myoepithelial cells organized epithelial cells into well-defined colonies. Myoepithelial cells may play an important role in organizing the architectural framework of the mammary gland during growth and development.     

The preventive role of breadfruit against inflammation‐associated epithelial carcinogenesis in mice

Artocarpus communis has been identified as a rich source of flavonoids and has been gaining attention for its potential chemopreventive abilities. In this study, methanol extracts from the fruit of A. communis (MEFA) and leaf of A. communis (MELA) were prepared, and their effects on inflammation‐associated skin tumorigenesis were assessed using mouse models, including 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) induced cutaneous inflammation as well as 7,12‐dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) initiated and TPA‐promoted skin tumorigenesis. According to the results, both MEFA and MELA decreased the intensity of leukocyte infiltration in mouse dorsal skin and cutaneous edema induced by TPA, which appeared to be mediated by inhibition of proinflammatory genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐1β, and IL‐6) and proinflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and Prostaglandin E₂). In addition, topical application with MEFA or MELA effectively attenuated tumor incidence, multiplicity, volume, malignancy as well as angiogenesis of TPA‐stimulated skin tumor promotion in DMBA‐initiated mice. Notably, immunohistochemical stain showed that MEFA and MELA attenuated COX‐2 expression of both skin and tumor tissues in different animal tests, which may be closely related to the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B/activator protein signaling networks. These findings first demonstrate that flavonoid‐rich A. communis may exert potent anti‐inflammatory activity through modulation of COX‐2 in TPA‐activated skin and tumor tissues.     

Culture of mammary epithelial cells from bovine milk.

Mammary epithelial cells are exfoliated into cows' milk and comprise a component of the somatic cells enumerated for milk quality control. This paper described the finding that these epithelial cells can be recovered from milk and grown in culture. The cultured cells were characterized for growth rate and growth potential, morphology by light and electron microscopy, presence of esterases and cytokeratins, and sensitivity to storage at 4 degrees C. Cultured mammary epithelial cells from milk may be useful to dairy scientists and mammary gland biologists.     

Fluorescein staining and physiological state of corneal epithelial cells

PurposeTo evaluate the physiological status of corneal epithelial cells exhibiting fluorescein staining.MethodsFluorescein staining properties of corneal epithelial cells under normal and stressed conditions were studied using cell-culture (human corneal limbal epithelial cells – HCLE) and organ-culture (rabbit) models. Stress stimuli comprised exposure to hypotonicity, hypertonicity, preservatives, scratch, and alkaline wounding. In addition to fluorescein, cells were stained with Hoechst-33342 (HO), Propidium-iodide (PI), and Annexin-V (AN-V) to identify live, dead and apoptotic cells. Clinical-slit-lamp and fluorescence confocal-microscopic (FCM) observations were performed. FCM images were quantified for fluorescence intensity using Image-J software.ResultsHealthy HCLE cells uniformly took up fluorescein to a moderate degree with a mean grey value of 62 ± 24 (mean ± SD) on a scale of 0–256 (no unit). Fluorescence levels similar to those observed prior to stress were associated with healthy cells. Apoptotic cells showed the highest fluorescence (138 ± 38). Dead cells showed minimal fluorescence (23 ± 7) that was similar to the background (20 ± 11, p > 0.05). Observations in whole rabbit eyes were in general agreement with these cell culture findings.ConclusionsThe clinical observation of corneal staining with fluorescein suggests the presence of epithelial cells that are undergoing apoptosis but does not indicate dead cells. Under in vitro or ex vivo conditions, healthy cells took up fluorescein at levels that were lower than those of apoptotic cells and thus, are not likely to be perceived as exhibiting staining during clinical observation. Sodium fluorescein may be considered as a probe for apoptotic epithelial cells.     

Yak-milk-derived exosomes promote proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in an hypoxic environment

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are an important part of the intestinal barrier. Barrier function was disrupted under hypoxia, but milk-derived exosomes can regulate the intestinal barrier function. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between yak milk exosomes and hypoxia in IEC remain poorly understood. In this follow-up study, we proposed an effective optimization method for purifying yak-milk-derived exosomes. The Western blot analyses indicated that the expression of the proteins of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (TSG101), proteins of the tetraspanin family (CD63), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) proteins from yak-milk-derived exosomes were significantly higher than those in cow-milk-derived exosomes. Flow cytometry analysis showed that yak milk had 3.7 times the number of exosomes compared with cow milk. Moreover, we explored whether yak milk exosomes could facilitate intestinal cell survival under hypoxic conditions in vitro. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide results showed that yak-milk-derived exosomes significantly increased survival of IEC-6 cells with rates of up to 29% for cells incubated in hypoxic conditions for 12 h, compared with those of cow-milk-derived exosomes posttreatment (rates of up to 22% for cells incubated in hypoxic conditions for 12 h). Confocal microscopy revealed that the IEC-6 cells uptake more yak-milk-derived exosomes than cow milk in hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the Western blot analyses indicated that yak-milk-derived exosomes significantly promote oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-1 expression and decrease the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-α and its downstream target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the IEC-6 cells. Further, yak-milk-derived exosomes significantly inhibited p53 levels. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that yak-milk-derived exosomes more effectively activate the hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway, thus promoting IEC-6 cell survival, which may result in higher hypoxia tolerance than cow-milk-derived exosomes.     

Carbohydrate mediation of boar sperm binding to oviductal epithelial cells in vitro

After mating, mammalian spermatozoa are transported to the lower oviductal isthmus. Spermatozoa are sequestered at the isthmus by attaching and interacting with oviductal epithelial cells, hence forming a sperm reservoir. In several mammalian species, specific carbohydrates mediate sperm-oviductal epithelial cell binding. A quantitative in vitro free cell bioassay was developed to investigate the involvement of carbohydrate recognition in pig sperm-oviductal epithelial cell interactions. This assay was validated. The sensitivity of the assay was such that it was possible to discriminate between different sperm concentrations and sperm-oviductal epithelial cell co-incubation periods, spermatozoa with damaged plasma membranes and epithelial cells of non-reproductive origin. Optimal conditions were used to incubate spermatozoa and oviductal epithelial cells in the presence of six hexose sugars at concentrations of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mmol l(-1). A significant (P < or = 0.05) reduction in the binding of spermatozoa to the oviductal epithelium was detected with 2, 10 and 50 mmol maltose l(-1), 50 mmol lactose l(-1) and 50 mmol mannose l(-1). These findings support the hypothesis that attachment of pig spermatozoa to oviductal epithelium before fertilization is mediated by carbohydrate recognition.     

Flavour Instability of Pale Lager Beers: Determination of Analytical Markers in Relation to Sensory Ageing

Flavour changes of six Belgian pale lager beers were studied in order to estimate the importance of different parameters and reactions in relation to the ageing process. An attempt was made to link analytical data with sensory evaluation using multivariate statistical analysis. Partial least squares regression techniques (PLSR) were employed on the analytical and sensory data. As apparent from the PLSR model, significant indicators of lager beer ageing are aldehyde markers (especially total aldehydes, furfural, hexanal, 2‐methylpropanal, 2‐methylbutanal, and 3‐methylbutanal), cold and permanent haze, and beer colour. Conversely, compounds or parameters that load negatively in the PLSR model for beer ageing are trans‐isohumulones, cis‐isohumulones, total bitterness, the T/C‐ratio, polyphenolic markers (especially proanthocyanidins), the flavanoid content, and, to a lesser extent, the TB‐index and reducing power (TRAP). The integrated analytical‐sensorial methodology is proposed as a useful tool for evaluation of the flavour instability of pale lager beers.     

Spermatozoa stimulate prostaglandin synthesis and secretion in bovine oviductal epithelial cells

The dynamic action of oviductal secretory compounds on spermatozoa function is well documented. In contrast, the effect of spermatozoa on oviductal function remains poorly characterized. Previously, our lab and others have shown that prostaglandin (PG), together with other vasoactive peptides, plays major roles in oviductal contractions and sperm transport. We therefore examined the effect of spermatozoa on the production of PG by cow oviductal epithelial cells (OEC). A bovine spermatozoa-OEC co-culture system was utilized for this purpose. OECs in the second passage were co-cultured for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h with six doses of motile, killed, or truncated spermatozoa heads (control; without spermatozoa, 10(2)-10(6) spermatozoa/ml medium). The levels of PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) in the medium were measured using enzyme immunoassays. Messenger RNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2, PGF synthase (PGFS), and PGE synthase (PGES) was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated that motile spermatozoa increased the secretion of PG by OEC as well as cellular expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase, PGES, and PGFS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A maximum three- to fivefold increased secretion of PG was observed with a dose of 10(5) spermatozoa/ml after a 12-h co-incubation. Neither killed spermatozoa nor truncated spermatozoa heads stimulated oviductal biosynthesis and secretion of PG at any dose or time point observed. The results provide the first evidence that live spermatozoa in the oviduct up-regulate the local PG system, and thereby, enhance oviductal contractions. Thus, spermatozoa may bear a role in accelerating their own transport into the fertilization site.