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气体分离膜材料研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了高分子材料、无机材料、有机-无机杂化材料三类气体分离膜材料,主要包括聚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚[1-(三甲基硅氧烷)-1-丙炔]等高分子材料,以及致密无机膜和多孔无机膜材料,并且对有机-无机杂化材料作了简要概述。在评价了各种膜材料性能的基础上,展望了气体分离膜材料的发展前景。 相似文献
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近年来,有机-无机杂化膜的研究受到学术界广泛关注,随着有机-无机杂化膜制备方法的多样化和分离性能的提高,其研究前景也越来越广阔。该文首先分析了有机-无机杂化膜相比于普通无机膜和有机膜在结构和性能上存在的优势,其次综述了有机-无机杂化膜的制备方法以及其在醇类、有机酸等有机溶剂或有机混合物中的分离提纯应用,重点讨论了其在渗透汽化中的应用。最后,对有机-无机杂化膜的研究前景进行展望。未来有机-无机杂化膜的研究应借助于新的计算工具,侧重于材料的选择或制备方法的改进,如探索具有多功能化学基团和具有明确层次结构的多孔填料的聚合物材料等,使有机-无机杂化膜具有更加广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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渗透汽化优先透醇膜分离技术可有效解决燃料乙醇和丁醇生产中发酵产率较低的瓶颈问题,受到广泛关注。膜材料的选择与改性以及膜结构的构建是提高透醇性能的关键。有机/无机杂化膜可以实现有机和无机材料的优势互补,被认为是未来分离膜领域最重要的发展方向之一。本文扼要回顾了用于优先透醇渗透汽化分离的有机无机杂化材料,结合本文作者课题组的研究工作,重点阐述了杂化粒子的结构、粒径、界面相容性、纳微分散、负载量等因素对渗透汽化传递过程的作用机制,进一步对近年来发展的成膜新方法进行了总结。在此基础上,提出今后有机/无机杂化渗透汽化优先透醇膜研究的主要方向是发展新型纳米级、超疏水并与有机聚合物具有高度界面相容性的无机粒子,以及构建高负载量的纳微结构与超亲醇表面。 相似文献
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简单阐述了纳滤膜的特点与应用,综述了乙酸纤维类、芳香族聚酰胺类等常用有机高分子纳滤膜材料,天然高分子、聚电解质等新型有机高分子纳滤膜材料,无机纳滤膜材料以及无机-有机杂化复合纳滤膜材料的研究进展。分别列举了相应膜材料的典型膜,并从高通量、抗污染、耐有机溶剂与耐氯性等多角度对相应膜材料的结构特性、化学特性、膜制备技术与应用特点进行了对比分析与总结,最后对纳滤膜材料的发展趋势与应用前景作了预测与展望,指出特种高性能纳滤膜材料的开发与微观结构的调控和基于不同纳滤膜材料的结构与功能设计将成为今后一段时间内的研究热点。 相似文献
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M.G. Buonomenna A. Gordano G. Golemme E. Drioli 《Reactive and Functional Polymers》2009,69(4):259-263
The research of new polymeric materials for membrane application in the field of nanofiltration is of great interest. PEEKWC, a modified polyetheretherketone with a cardo group, is a polymer characterized by high thermal, chemical and mechanical properties and then useful for application in the nanofiltration field. In this work, the preparation and characterization of different PEEKWC membranes by non-solvent induced phase inversion for nanofiltration of aqueous solutions containing Azur B and maltose were discussed. Interesting results in terms of retention and relative flux were obtained compared to the performance of two commercial membranes, N30F and NFTFC50. Tuning the preparation conditions, size of pores and roughness of the PEEKWC membranes can be varied with consequent effects on the membrane performance. 相似文献
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纳滤膜分离技术及其进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
纳滤技术是一种介于超滤和反渗透之间的新型分离技术。作者介绍了纳滤膜的特性及其独特的分离特点。高分子纳滤膜的几种主要制备方法的制备原理、制备要点,国内外纳滤膜在生产研究方面的进展,以及当前已商品化的几种主要的纳滤膜的材质。最后简单介绍了纳滤膜在水处理、食品、生化、医药、染料和化工等领域的应用进展,指出今后的发展将着重于传质机理、新的膜材料及集成工艺开发等方面。 相似文献
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Tao Zheng Xiuyang Zou Meisheng Li Shouyong Zhou Yijiang Zhao Zhaoxiang Zhong 《中国化学工程学报》2022,42(2):297-311
Recent years, membrane separation technology has attracted significant research attention because of the efficient and environmentally friendly operation. The selection of suitable materials to improve the membrane selectivity, permeability and other properties has become a topic of vital research relevance. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, a novel family of multifunctional materials, are widely used in membrane separation due to their unique structure and properties. In this respect, as a novel 2D material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) have found specific attention in membrane separation. This study reviews the application of carbon nitride in gas separation membranes, pervaporation membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, ion exchange membranes and catalytic membranes, along with describing the separation mechanisms. 相似文献
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The nanofiltration membrane was first introduced during late 1980s possessing properties between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration membrane. Nanofiltration membranes have been used for applications including food industry, pharmaceutical, wastewater treatment, and desalination. This review presents an inclusive outlook of recent research and advances in polymeric nanofiltration membrane technology. Various methods were reported for nanofiltration membrane preparation particularly through electron beam irradiation, UV/photografting, layer by layer, plasma treatment, interfacial polymerization, and nanoparticle incorporation. Nanofiltration membranes were reported to remove microorganisms, turbidity, dissolved salts, and hardness. Major problem in application is nanofiltration membrane fouling, thus efforts regarding fouling mitigation are discussed. 相似文献
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纳滤膜技术在庆大霉素B浓缩中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了纳滤膜对庆大霉素B溶液的浓缩性能。通过实验得到了时间、浓缩倍数、压力等因素对膜通量的影响,并在此基础上建立了一套每天处理10 m3物料的进口纳滤膜浓缩系统,该系统在8小时内将10 m3物料浓缩50倍,最终物料体积为200 L,浓缩液的效价达十万以上,对物料的收率高于98%,效果明显。 相似文献
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Dye-selective nanofiltration membranes have great potential for chemical dye separation and purification as well as dye wastewater treatment. Two-dimensional materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with excellent physical and chemical properties are ideal nanofiltration membrane materials. MoS2 with few layers is used in combination with polyphenols to prepare highly selective filtration nanofiltration membranes for cationic dyes. The tannic acid (TA)-MoS2 composite material is constructed on the surface of a micro-porous Mixed Cellulose Ester membrane by a vacuum filtration method, and the nanofiltration membrane exhibits good flexibility and excellent film-forming properties. The maximum filtration efficiency of TAMoS2 nanocomposite film for R6G can reach 80%, while for EY and MO, it is only 9.6% and 6.1% respectively. Filtration studies on mixtures of two different types of dyes show that the composite nanofiltration membrane has excellent separation performance. The separation characteristics and mechanism of the composite nanofilm on dyes are carefully studied, showing good selectivity for cationic dyes, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of non-covalent interactions and steric hindrance. This work paves the way for the use of eco-friendly membranes for water and wastewater treatment and provides an environmentally friendly solution for various applications. 相似文献
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亲水修饰是提高纳滤膜抗污染性能的重要方法。采用氯化胆碱(ChC)对石墨烯量子点(GQDs-TMC)纳滤膜进行后处理仿生修饰,模拟细胞膜上磷酰胆碱的两性离子抗污染表面。红外光谱(FTIR)和表面元素分析(EDS)表明ChC以共价键结合在纳滤膜分离层上。提高反应温度和氯化胆碱溶液浓度,可以增加纳滤膜的仿生修饰程度。ChC的季铵基团与GQDs-TMC纳滤膜分离层羧基基团形成两性离子结构,提高了仿生修饰(GQDs/ChC-TMC)纳滤膜的亲水性,降低了表面电势,提高了对染料分子和二价盐离子的截留率,并且显著增强了抗污染性能。经过酸、碱和氧化剂溶液浸泡处理及高温纳滤膜分离实验,GQDs/ChC-TMC纳滤膜的渗透率和截留率均未发生较大改变,表明仿生纳滤膜具有优异的化学稳定性和耐热稳定性。 相似文献