正交试验优化蜜柚真空冷冻干燥工艺

利用正交试验对蜜柚真空冷冻干燥工艺参数进行优化。研究预冻温度、升华干燥温度、解吸干燥温度对蜜柚含水率、色差、复水性及干燥速率的影响;采用综合评分法对这4个指标数据进行归一化处理并计算,确定干燥工艺的最佳参数组合。结果表明：预冻温度和解吸干燥温度对干燥综合效果影响显著,升华干燥温度对干燥综合效果影响不显著;3个因素对干燥综合效果影响的主次顺序为预冻温度＞解吸干燥温度＞升华干燥温度;最佳工艺参数组合为预冻温度-25℃、升华干燥温度50℃、解吸干燥温度60℃,在此条件下,产品含水率为1.62%、总色差值为11.73、复水比为4.29、干燥速率为5.90%/h。该研究结果可为蜜柚的实际生产提供一定的参考。     

藠头真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

采用均匀设计试验和对比试验,对藠头预处理措施、真空冷冻干燥工艺条件和不同干燥方法的干燥效果进行探讨.采用切片厚度4mm、麦芽糊精浓度4%、浸泡温度45℃和浸泡时间30min的预处理条件,可以明显提高冻干藠头的质量;预处理藠头的共晶点为-30℃,真空冷冻干燥条件为：物料预冻温度-36℃,预冻时间3～4h,冷阱温度控制在-55℃左右,干燥室真空度7～9Pa,解析阶段搁板温度40℃,物料冻干所需时间15h.试验结果表明,真空冷冻干燥所得产品的质量明显优于热风干燥和真空干燥等普通干燥方法,是生产优质藠头干燥产品的首选技术.     

响应面法对黑枣真空冷冻干燥时间工艺的优化

应用响应面法探索黑枣真空冷冻干燥的4个单因素即干燥仓压(X1)、温度(X2)、预冻速率(X3)与装料量(X 4)对黑枣冻干时间的影响。通过二次通用旋转回归组合响应面设计试验建立冻干时间与4个单因素的回归数学模型。采用SAS 9.2软件进行响应面分析,得到黑枣最佳真空冷冻干燥工艺参数为干燥仓压力55 Pa,加热板温度55℃,预冻速率3.3℃/mim,装料量9 kg/m2。     

蓝莓真空冷冻干燥工艺优化

试验通过单因素试验和和正交试验优化蓝莓的真空冷冻干燥工艺。蓝莓通过预处理后,以预冻温度、隔板温度和干燥时间进行四因素三水平的正交试验。结果表明:最优工艺为蓝莓刺孔后在-55℃下进行预冷7.5 h,隔板温度为50℃,再干燥32 h。     

冻干鱿鱼熟片的预冻工艺参数优化

试验研究了预冻温度、预冻时间以及预冻速率等因素对冻干鱿鱼复水比及冻干速率的影响.通过单因素和正交试验,得到冻干鱿鱼的最佳预冻工艺参数:预冻温度为-22.5℃,预冻时间为2.75 h,预冻速率为1.5℃/min.在此条件下,冻干鱿鱼复水比高达5.287,冻干速率达到1.47/h.     

响应面法优化刺参的真空冷冻干燥工艺

利用Box-Behnken法设计中心组合试验,对刺参的冻干工艺进行响应面分析,结果表明:(1)在预冻温度、预冻时间和最大加热板温3个因素中,预冻温度为影响冻干刺参综合品质的最显著因素。(2)建立了刺参冻干品质指标与各因素之间的二次回归模型,通过显著性检验及试验验证,证明模型较能反映实际问题。(3)结合冻干理论,通过响应面分析及表面微观结构观察分析各因素对冻干品质影响的原因。(4)响应面优化得到最佳工艺参数为:预冻温度-34.59℃,预冻时间4.26 h,最大加热板温度80.27℃;设定参数:预冻温度-35℃,预冻时间4 h,最大加热板温度80℃对最佳工艺参数进行验证,预估值能反映实际情况。     

百合精粉真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

采用单因素试验,对百合精粉真空冷冻干燥生产工艺进行了探讨.百合湿粉共晶点温度为-18 ℃,百合精粉真空冷冻干燥条件为：物料预冻温度-25 ℃,预冻时间2～3 h,物料铺料厚度1.2 cm,冻干机冷阱温度控制在-55 ℃左右,干燥室真空度保持在7～9 Pa,解析干燥阶段搁板加热温度40 ℃,物料冻干所需时间16 h.     

西洋参真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

以西洋参为对象,采用电阻法测量物料的共晶点温度和共熔点温度。以西洋参有效成分人参皂苷Rbl的含量为指标,对真空冷冻干燥过程中影响产品质量的关键工艺参数进行研究和正交试验优化。试验结果表明,共晶点和共熔点分别为-20℃和-16℃,最佳工艺为切片厚度3 mm、预冻时间4 h、升华干燥时间8 h、解析干燥温度与时间30℃/6 h。人参皂苷Rb1的含量可达2.41%。     

番薯多糖外用海绵的冷冻干燥工艺研究

研究番薯多糖外用海绵的冷冻干燥工艺。采用响应面法,以海绵的厚薄均匀度、吸水率和含水量综合加权评分为指标,对预冻速率、预冻时间、预冻最低温度和一次升华温度关键工艺参数进行优选。结果表明,影响冷冻干燥工艺的主次顺序为：一次升华温度>预冻时间>预冻速率>预冻最低温度。优选的工艺参数为预冻速率0.30℃?min-1,预冻时间1.5h,预冻最低温度-35℃,一次升华温度-15℃。通过优选的冷冻干燥工艺制备的番薯多糖外用海绵疏松多孔,可控制含水量在5%以内,厚薄均匀度和吸水率良好。     

篌竹笋真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

采用正交试验、均匀设计试验和对比试验,对篌竹笋护色、预处理、真空冷冻干燥条件和不同干燥方法的干燥效果等进行探讨。采用0.2%抗坏血酸、0.1%柠檬酸和0.5%氯化钠溶液烫漂篌竹笋4min,进行护色处理,然后在43℃、2%蔗糖和8%麦芽糊精混合溶液中浸泡26min,进行预处理,可以明显提高篌竹笋冻干产品的复水比和感官品质。预处理篌竹笋的共晶点为-25℃,真空冷冻干燥条件为：物料预冻温度-35℃,预冻时间3h-4h,冷阱温度-55℃左右,干燥室真空度7Pa-9Pa,解吸阶段搁板加热温度40℃,物料冻干所需时间12h。真空冷冻干燥所得产品的质量明显优于热风干燥和真空干燥。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press