全国硬脂酸行业协作组第三次会议召开

全国硬脂酸行业协作组成员厂第三次会议于1973年3月21日至26日在安徽省蚌埠市召开。会议以大学习大批判开路,充分交流了经验,互通了情况。会议认为,节约代用生产硬脂酸用油脂对于支援农业,增加供应是具有重大的政治意义和经济意义的。在节约柏油方面,上海延安油化厂利用了分馏法生产硬脂酸的新工艺,单纯用极度棉硬化油,或牛羊油极度硬化油,或棕榈油极度硬化油生产出一级硬脂酸,且生产工序从原来的十几道缩短到三、四道。目前,正着手解决硬脂酸的异味问题。青岛红星化工厂用棕榈油极度硬化油采取间歇分段蒸馏提取一级硬脂酸,取得了经验。在以合成脂肪酸代替部份硬脂酸方面,沈阳油脂化学厂介绍了以C_(10～20)皂用酸蒸馏切取C_(16～20）馏份全部或部份（与天然硬脂酸7:3,6:4配比）代替天然硬脂酸     

油脂氢化废催化剂的回收利用

研究了从油脂氢化废催化剂中回收金属镍和硬脂酸的工艺。实验结果表明，当废催化剂与３Ｎ盐酸和硝酸（体积比３∶１）的混合物比例为１∶６。反应时间为３ｈ，酸提取物除铁最佳ｐＨ值为６．０～６．２时，镍回收率可达９０％以上。对提镍后的残渣进行减压蒸馏，可回收其中７５％的硬脂酸。     

硬脂酸—精油酸生产工艺改革的试验和设想

目前，国内外工业上脂肪酸的分离主要有分馏法、尿素法、乳化法、溶剂法和现行的压榨法等方法。分馏法目前还只能把碘价相当于商品二级硬脂酸的原料分离成为商品一级和三级硬脂酸。尿素法和农业化肥争原料。乳化法尚只能适应于含不饱和脂肪酸成分多，碘价高的原料，多用于精油酸的生产。我们试验、使用乳化法从碘价30左右的皮油酸（饱和酸主要为十六烷酸）分离出碘价6～10的饱和酸。现商品硬脂酸中十六烷酸与十八烷酸的比例是55:45，因此，把上述分离的饱和酸再与极度氢化油分解的脂肪酸配比后，最好的产品碘价只能达到4左右，且不稳定和得率不高，故乳化法还不能生产商品一级硬脂酸。     

怒江漆油中高级脂肪酸成分

对云南怒江漆油 (漆树籽油 )进行皂化得到了漆油的总脂肪酸 ,将总脂肪酸甲酯化得到总脂肪酸甲酯 ,用GC MS联用仪测定了所含高级脂肪酸的成分 ,结果表明云南怒江漆树油中高级脂肪酸分别为棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十烷二酸。其中 ,棕榈酸的质量分数高达 76.9%。     

以萘烷作为氢转移剂催化不饱和脂肪酸甲酯氢化

<正> 《美国油化学杂志》1988.6介绍了一种以萘烷为氢转移剂,以Pd/C为催化剂,催化不饱和脂肪酸甲酯氨化的方法。该法考察了 10—十一烯酸、油酸、反油酸、十八碳炔酸、亚油酸、环状C_(21)脂肪族二元酸、C_(22)三羧酸和C_(3(?))二羧酸的甲酯,以及2—环戊烯十一烷酸、2—环戊烯十三烷酸和环戊烯十二碳烯酸的混合物的氢化反应。色谱分析和光谱分     

确定猪油氢化反应终点的方法

皂用硬化油的熔点要求在57℃以上,可是猪油氢化以后的熔点往往达不到这一要求,即使延长氢化时间,碘价降至0．6以下,熔点按常规方法测定(1)仍然在51℃左右。猪油脂肪酸的一般组成 (2):豆蔻酸 1．3%棕榈酸28．3%硬脂酸11．9%十六烯酸2．7%油酸47．5%芥酸 6．0%其他不饱和酸 2．1%     

利用浸出柏油制取棕榈酸

浙江省粮食科学研究所与海盐日用化工厂协作,利用浸出桕油为原料,采用分馏方法制取棕榈酸。经小试、扩试(年产100吨装置)制得的棕榈酸质量优良,达到试剂化学纯要求,经上海淮海制药厂试用于无味氯霉素的制备,能提高药品得率和质量,效果很好。     

微酸强化超临界甲醇法连续化合成生物柴油

超临界甲醇法合成生物柴油的苛刻反应条件制约其大规模工业化。加入微量酸可提高反应速率,降低苛刻的反应条件,且不会带来后续分离问题。实验在温度270—360℃,压力9—15 MPa,停留时间300—1 300 s,醇油摩尔比(20∶1)—(40∶1)的条件下,研究了加入油酸、硬脂酸和微量磷酸对过程的强化,并进行了比较。结果表明:磷酸是最佳的酸性催化剂,在磷酸催化的条件下,最佳反应条件为温度300℃、压力13 MPa、停留时间700 s、醇油摩尔比30∶1,磷酸加入量为使大豆油酸价为15 mg/g(以每g大豆油KOH质量计)的加入量。在此条件下,脂肪酸甲酯的收率达到95%以上。     

环氧棉子油生产新工艺

粗棉子油用稀氨水、双氧水依次处理获精炼棉子油,与乙酸、双氧水在尿素存在下发生环氧化反应生成环氧棉子油粗品。粗品经水洗、减压蒸馏、压滤获成品。该工艺技术已应用于生产中,制备的产品,环氧值≥5.0％,酸值<0.5mgKOH/g、色泽(Pt—Co比色)<200号,吨产品获纯利1000元以上。该工艺的应用与推广将产生显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

浅谈梓油醇酸树脂配方工艺设计

梓油俗称青油,是优良的干性油。盛产于我国长江流域及南方各省。它是由乌桕子核榨得。乌桕子表面有一层白皮,可榨出含饱和脂肪酸为主的桕油,又称皮油,不能用于制漆。乌桕子核榨出的梓油碘价高达170,它的优点是干性好,含磷脂及胶质少。梓油不可食用,可以代替亚麻仁油、豆油等食用油生产油漆,避免与人争油。因此梓油大量应用于涂料工业和油墨工业。梓油的脂肪酸组成中主要为:亚麻酸40％、豆油酸25～30％、油酸20％、癸二烯—[2,4]—     

Fractional distillation

While practically all the fatty acids produced in the fatty acid industry are distilled products, these materials are all, at least to some degree, fractionated fatty acids. Rarely indeed are today’s fatty acids suited for any of the many applications to which they are put without the quality and homolog distribution improvements which only fractional distillation can guarantee. Thus, this separation is of vital importance within the fatty acid and derivative industries. Fractional distillation is industrially a practical separative method for: (a) 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids, such as those derived from hydrogenated fats and oils like tallow, soybean, cottonseed soapstocks, palm oil and others; (b) 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 fatty acids from hydrogenated fish oils or high erucic rapeseed oil; and (c) 8:0, 10:0, 12:0, and 14:0 fatty acids from the hydrogenated fatty acids from the lauric oils group (coconut, palm kernel, babassu, etc.). While theoretically possible under idealized conditions in the laboratory, it is not practical to separate palmitic, oleic, heptadecanoic, and stearic acids by means of fractional distillation     

9,9-二（4-羟乙氧基苯基）芴的合成工艺改进

9,9-二（4-羟乙氧基苯基）芴（BPEF）是合成聚酯聚醚重要的单体。采用9-芴酮和苯氧乙醇为原料,以浓硫酸作为催化剂,以少量巯基羧酸为助催剂,在原料配比（9-芴酮：苯氧乙醇：浓硫酸）=（1：4．5：1．5）,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为4h的反应条件下,得到目标产物。产品纯度〉99％,收率为95％（文献值为73．8％）,方法原料廉价易得,收率高,产品质量好,路线短。     

Continuous-phase fat crystals strongly influence water-in-oil emulsion stability

To elucidate the role of continuous-phase fat crystals on emulsion destabilization, water-in-canola oil emulsions prepared with 0–2% (w/w) added solid fat (hydrogenated canola stearine or hydrogenated cottonseed stearine) were examined using pulsed NMR droplet-size analysis, sedimentation, and microscopy. Droplet-size analysis showed that addition of either fat prior to emulsification (precrystallized fat) or fat quench-crystallized in situ following emulsification (postcrystallized fat) decreased the degree of droplet coalescence, based on volume-weighted (d ₃₃) mean droplet diameters, with postcrystallized emulsions being more stable against coalescence. Sedimentation studies corroborated these results, with greatly enhanced stability against sedimentation in postcrystallized emulsions. Precrystallized fat had very little effect on emulsion sedimentation at levels as high as 2% (w/w). Postcrystallized cottonseed stearine produced slightly less resistant emulsions than did canola stearine, even if both were in the β-form. Surface energetics revealed that canola stearine had greater affinity for the oil/water interface and hence a greater displacement energy. The presence of micronsized (Pickering) crystals located directly at the droplet interface, resulting from in situ crystallization or generated by the shearing of precrystallized fats, provided enhanced stability vis-à-vis preformed crystals. These stabilized emulsions via the formation of crystal networks that partially immobilized droplets.     

冬青油合成工艺改进

在冬青油的合成过程中，采用精馏脱水酯化工艺。提高了一次酯化反应收率６％，总收率达到９５％以上。原料消耗也有所下降，反应时间缩短了三分之一。     

肉桂叶水扩散蒸馏提取肉桂油的研究

以肉桂叶为原料,在5 L不锈钢蒸馏釜中采用水扩散蒸馏提取肉桂油,考察了蒸馏时间、投料量、进口压力3个因素对肉桂油得油率的影响。结果表明,水扩散提取的适宜条件为:蒸馏时间90 min,投料量200 g/L,蒸汽进口压力为1 750 Pa,此时得油率为8.88‰,肉桂油的主要成分为肉桂醛(86.89%)、苯甲醛(1.55%)、乙酸肉桂酯(3.92%)、邻甲氧基肉桂醛(4.56%)。     

余甘子果核油的提取及成分分析

以采摘自广西省贵港市大玉余甘果核为原料,选择正己烷作为溶剂,通过水浴回流提取余甘子果核油。回流时间8h,余甘子果核油的出油率达22．4％。采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术对余甘子果核油成分进行了分析,鉴定出余甘子果核油中包含亚麻酸酯、棕榈酸乙酯、一生育酚等10种化合物,并将其与常见的食用油的主要理化指标进行了比较,发现余甘子果核油的品质较好,不饱和纯度高,且游离脂肪酸含量较少,有一定的保健作用。     

青海原油综合评价

对青海原油进行了综合评价。结果表明,该原油密度小（849.9 kg/m3）,硫含量0.51%,蜡含量4.98%,属于轻质含硫含蜡原油。重整原料和汽油馏分烷烃含量较高,适宜做乙烯裂解料,煤、柴油馏分变色严重,硫、氮含量高,均需加强加氢精制效果。减压蜡油Cp高（70.63%）,CA低（18.01%）,残炭值低（0.0256%）,重金属含量较小,既适合生产高黏度指数润滑油,又是催化裂解的优良原料。渣油的硫含量较高（6 200 mg/kg）,沥青质含量高（6.2%）,重金属铁（45.73μg/g）、镍（35.29μg/g）、钙（73.86μg/g）含量较高,作催化裂化原料时,应注意其掺炼。     

氢化松香生产中影响产品颜色的因素探讨

通过对工业生产中大量的实际生产数据进行分析,总结出生产过程中控制产品色浅的合适条件为:选用特级松香原料,原料松香熔融时间5h,熔融温度130~150℃,生产中松香流量控制在400L/h左右,反应温度控制在240~250℃之间。另外还应尽量减少反应系统中的CO、CO2、SO2、重金属离子的含量,避免有色油类和空气进入反应系统,最后对产品进行水蒸气蒸馏,能得到颜色较浅的氢化松香产品。     

A palmitoleic acid ester concentrate from seabuckthorn pomace

The pomace from seabuckthorn juice production is generally considered waste. In this work it was utilized as a raw material for the production of a palmitoleic acid (cis‐Δ9‐C16) methyl ester concentrate. The raw material contains only about 15% palmitoleic acid in its oil. Concentration steps are air classifying (to remove the seeds, which do not contain valuable amounts of palmitoleic acid), transesterification, and distillation (to obtain a C16 fraction) and finally urea adduct crystallization (to remove saturates). A product containing of 82% palmitoleic acid methyl ester was obtained without using any methods unsuitable for technical application. Such a concentrate is not yet available on the market. For comparison macadamia nut oil was also used as a starting material, but regarding both economy and product quality seabuckthorn pomace is the superior raw material base.     

Chemical composition and physicochemical and hydrogenation characteristics of high-palmitic acid solin (low-linolenic acid flaxseed) oil

The physicochemical characteristics and FA compositions were determined for refined-bleached-deodorized (RBD) high-palmitic acid solin (HPS) oil, RBD solin oil, and degummed linseed oil. The predominant FA in HPS oil were palmitic (16.6%), palmitoleic (1.4%), stearic (2.5%), oleic (11.3%), linoleic (63.7%), and linolenic (3.4%). HPS oil was substantially higher in palmitic acid than either solin oil or linseed oil, and similar to solin oil in linolenic acid content. HPS, solin, and linseed oils exhibited similar sterol and tocopherol profiles. The physicochemical characteristics of the three oils (iodine value, saponification value, m.p., density, specific gravity, viscosity, PV, FFA content, color) reflected their FA profiles and degree of refinement. During hydrogenation of HPS oil, the proportion of saturated FA (palmitic and stearic) increased, and that of unsaturated FA (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic) decreased as the iodine value declined. This resulted in an inverse linear relationship between m.p. and iodine value. Hydrogenation also generated trans FA. The proportion of trans FA was inversely related to iodine value in partially hydrogenated samples. Fully hydrogenated HPS oil (i.e., HPS stearine, iodine value <5) was devoid of trans FA.