基于自动上下料工作站的西门子数控系统二次开发

为满足"工业4.0"中"智能工厂"的需求,数控机床必须与机器人、机械手等设备配合,实现自动化、无人化生产。这就需要对数控系统进行二次开发,使其"能说话、能思考"。根据实践经验,以西门子828D数控系统为例,讲解数控系统二次开发的内容及方法,包括:二次开发的步骤、I/O口和数控系统工作流程设计、控制指令开发、控制按钮开发、电气结构设计等。     

智能车间及智能车床的研究

制造业转型升级是世界范围内的工业革命,发达国家纷纷针对各国制造业的特点提出了智能制造的战略规划。分析国际上著名的战略规划,结合我国制造业特点的基础,提出我国智能工厂的工作原理,并建立智能车间的体系结构。以智能车床为例对智能机床的设计进行了探讨,研究智能车床的生产过程,最后探讨智能车床关键技术。     

石材桥式切割机数控系统的刀补研究

为了实现对石材轮廓的精确加工,不同刀具的刀补模块设计是开发数控系统的关键技术。通过对C机能刀补算法的研究,简述了刀补转接的几种类型及其判断算法,结合石材桥式切割机的加工特点,对锯刀、铣刀、磨刀的刀补算法进行了设计。采用PC+运动控制卡的硬件结构,以Visual C++作为开发软件,设计了石材桥式切割机的数控系统软件。运行石材桥式切割机的数控系统,对锯刀、铣刀、磨刀刀补进行仿真,并在工厂中进行加工测试。结果表明:该切割机能稳定运行,其刀补算法实现了自动刀具补偿功能。     

Paradigm change: small machine tools for small workpieces

To overcome current limitations in micro manufacturing a new approach instead of evolutionary small step progress has to take place. Applying small machine tools to manufacture small workpieces allows for a leap of improvements enabled by the small size itself. This miniaturization in comparison to simply down-scaling current concepts qualifies the use of materials and technologies commonly not found in machine tools. This contribution describes the aspects, methodology, qualifications as well as cause and effects pursued by the approach of small machine tools for small workpieces.     

基于Java Web的数控机床优化设计知识库管理平台

为实现对数控机床优化设计知识更精确的查询与管理,以Eclipse为集成开发环境,利用Tomcat服务器、MySQL数据库、Spring、SpringMVC、MyBatis框架技术,设计基于Java Web的数控机床优化设计知识库管理平台。平台分为专供用户使用的前台和专供管理员使用的后台,并使用B/S结构以体现网络数据信息化的优势。结果表明:该平台能够在解决基本数控机床优化设计知识数据管理问题的同时提升数控机床优化设计知识管理的效率,并为用户提供更好的数控机床优化设计知识数据信息查询环境,有效实现设计知识的检索和应用。通过两个实际应用案例,证明了所设计平台的可行性和实用性。     

Industrial Product-Service Systems—IPS

In mechanical engineering and plant design, product-related services are usually considered as an add-on to the actual product. Industrial Product-Service Systems deal with dynamic interdependencies of products and services in production. Research areas cover new concepts and methods which enable the machine producers to design the potential services in an optimal way, already during the development of the machine. This paradigm shift from the separated consideration of products and services to a new product understanding consisting of integrated products and services creates innovation potential to increase the sustainable competitiveness of mechanical engineering and plant design. The latter allows business models which do not focus on the machine sales but on the use for the customer e.g. in form of continuously available machines. The business model determines the complexity of delivery processes. Characteristics of Industrial Product-Service Systems allow covering all market demands.     

基于热设计的立式数控铣床主轴箱多目标设计与研究

主轴箱作为主轴系统不可或缺的一部分,其热误差是影响数控机床加工精度的重要因素之一。以热设计为核心,通过结合田口法和有限元法,对主轴箱进行多目标优化设计与研究。搭建了主轴系统热态特性实验平台,以某机床厂的立式数控铣床为研究对象,获得其主轴系统的温度数据;根据实验测得的数据建立9组主轴箱优化模型;采用有限元法对温度-结构场耦合的9组模型进行仿真分析,得到各组模型的温度场分布云图和热变形分布云图,并进一步获得主轴箱结构优化结果和较优水平的主次因素参数组合。结果表明:对主轴箱热变形影响程度由高到低的因素为底板长度L、距离B、肋板宽度A、距离C;对主轴箱质量影响程度由高到低的因素为底板长度L、距离B、距离C、肋板宽度A。该研究为降低数控机床研发成本提供了参考。     

Modularity in small machine tools

Up to now, machine tools in micro production hardly feature modularity and hence offer only few opportunities to reconfigure or individualize a manufacturing process. This article gives a summary of concepts, how modularity in small micro machine tools can be designed and implemented. A size-adaptable machine frame is the basis for various possible process layouts. Adapters, a feed module with replaceable drive and kinematics, equipped with appropriate interfaces as well as a supply concept are introduced to allow further configuration. The combination of those concepts characterizes a small modular machine tool system. Technical solutions and fully functional prototypes will be shown and discussed in the following paper.     

基于改进工作流的故障预测系统设计

为降低实验模型构建和参数配置的复杂性,提出一种基于改进工作流的故障预测系统,以可视化的方式设计、配置、执行和部署故障预测实验。该平台不仅能够使专家更容易地使用各种故障预测算法和预测工具,而且能够使不具有算法基础和经验的非专家也参与到实验模型的构建中。通过某表干炉设备的故障预测实验,验证了该系统架构设计的可行性。     

Knowledge graph with machine learning for product design

Knowledge graph is a particular form of graph that represents knowledge through entities and relations. Machine learning, particularly deep learning, can be adopted to construct, interpret, and enrich knowledge graph towards unknown entities and relations. As a knowledge-intensive endeavour, product design can greatly benefit from knowledge graph with machine learning. A structured framework is proposed to develop design-specific knowledge graph, based on which, deep learning is leveraged to learn graph embeddings, make predictions, and support reasoning. The framework effectiveness is validated through a quantitative experiment, where knowledge graph is used to make design-related predictions about smart products in home environment.     

数控机床远程故障诊断与服务系统

文章介绍了为某机床厂所开发研制的数控机床远程故障诊断与服务系统的软、硬件结构,论述了系统的构成、功能、工作流程、实现方法以及所涉及的关键技术.     

高精度棱体成形车刀的CAD/CAM系统

研究了高精度棱体成形车刀优化设计的数学模型,介绍了用VB语言开发的高精度棱体成形车刀的CAD/CAM子系统的构成及其主要模块的功能.该系统可由工件零件图直接生成加工该工件的高精度圆体成形车刀的零件图及刀具廓形的数控线切割加工程序,同时还能通过仿真检验所设计的刀具廓形及其加工程序代码的正确性.     

Control concept for piezo-based actuator-sensor-units for uniaxial vibration damping in machine tools

Additional piezo-based components in drive trains can significantly improve the dynamic behaviour of machine tools. In this article we present a piezo-based actuator-sensor-unit that is able to reduce uniaxial vibrations in ball screw driven feed axis of machine tools. A complex model of a feed axis including ASU was developed to design a controller. The control concept is based on the direct velocity feedback. A modular test bench was designed, assembled and investigated to verify the ASU’s suitability for different feed axis configurations. In conclusion, the results for the different configurations where evaluated regarding economical aspects.     

Concepts,methods and tools for individualized production

The main objective of the paper is to give an overview of prerequisites and enablers for individualized production from the perspective of flexible, agile and sustainable production of customized and personalized products. Increasing volatility in the global and local markets, shortening innovation and product life cycles, as well as a tremendously increasing number of variants, call for production facilities and networks and operations management which comply with these changing demands. The paper presents a set of developed concepts, methods and tools based on the recognized needs of manufacturing companies. The observed manufacturing domain is characterized with highly customized and personalized products produced in competitively in a high-cost country with short delivery times and high quality requirements. Micro and desktop factories can be seen as one type of solution to point-of-need manufacturing of customized and personalized products, such as hand-held consumer electronics or medical implants. The LeanMES concept and associated solution blocks aim for more efficient operation via digital tools. The Competitive Sustainable Manufacturing Hotel (CSM-Hotel) concept of a platform targeted for SMEs collaborating under same factory roof or in the same area. The A-NET vision offers a new holistic framework for industrial supply networks to manage development more agilely and for deeper strategic cooperation.     

基于夹具规划系统的机床和刀具自动选择研究

针对基于特征的夹具自动规划设计系统，讨论了如何自动确定加工过程中的机床及刀具的方法，以MDT为运行平台，利用VC＋＋、Object ARX、Microsoft Access等软件工具，开发建立了常用的加工中心和机加工刀具数据库和自动选择机床刀具子系统，并用实例验证了其可行性。为夹具自动设计的实现奠定了基础。     

三轴数控机床静态精度设计研究进展

国内三轴数控机床存在精度低和可靠性差的问题,而机床精度和可靠性可通过合理的静态精度设计方法得以保证.机床静态精度设计方法包括加工精度稳健设计方法和静态几何精度设计方法,针对两种精度设计方法的衔接合理性和工程应用实用性低的问题,在深入调研机床静态精度设计研究成果的基础上,从机床空间误差建模、平动轴几何误差元素辨识、关键几何误差元素溯源和加工精度稳健设计以及静态几何精度设计这5个关键问题着手,分别给出具体的解决方法,并形成一套完整的三轴数控机床静态精度设计系统实施方案,为完善机床几何精度设计和静态几何精度设计提供了参考.     

Compact design for high precision machine tools

Due to raising functional integration in micro fluidic, micro mechanic, micro electronic and micro optical systems the trend to scaling down the work piece sizes while increasing its complexity requires high precise machine accuracy. With respect to the process and geometrical parameters, most of the finishing manufacturing processes can be covered by milling and grinding operations with three or five machine axes. But whereas the available machine tools hardly achieve the required process dynamic and accuracy in all degrees of freedom, the requirements still increase. For this reason the Fraunhofer IPT has developed high precise machine tools following a compact design strategy by reducing the overall machine dimensions as far as conventional machine components such as measuring or drive systems were available. The developments of two compact machine tools exemplify the dynamic and accuracy enhancement by compact design and are described in the following.     

Design- and control-concept for compliant machine tools based on controller integrated models

The paper presents a novel design- and control-concept for machine tools aiming for lightweight design. A Kalman-filter containing a model of the mechanical structure is applied. The Kalman-filter calculates the dynamic dislocation of the machine tool body with respect to the tool-center-point and its velocity. Dislocation and velocity are used for the correction of the CNC's setpoint values. Experimental results show, that the dynamic dislocation had been reduced considerably. This allows for a compliant design contrary to the established design-concept of stiff frames. The concept is proposed for direct-drive machine tools used for micro-milling.     

多轴精密数控电火花成形机的研制

从机床结构、脉冲电源系统、数控系统、精密分度轴等几方面介绍了采用引进消化吸收、再创新后的研究成果--多轴精密数控电火花成形机,并用典型的加工实验验证了该机床达到的技术水平和丰富的功能,为精密复杂模具和零件的电火花加工提供了良好的制作母机.     

Machine serving principle evaluated by necessary part transport speed

A critical technical characteristic of a part handling and transport system which supports a factory layout of machine tools or an FMS is the required part transport speed from machining-(inspection-, assembly-) station to station. This speed is imposed by the production programme for which the layout has been designed and is a function of more parameters: number of stations; net production plus part loading-unloading times; buffer capacities; topology; and size scale of the machine layout. It is also dependent on the machine operation scheduling and on the maximum machine utilization requirement. In the paper, a new machine serving methodology is presented and analysed. It takes into account, in addition to the mentioned parameters, the position of the part transport means at each decision step, the part availability for further processing as well as the space availability in the machine buffer storages and evaluates the required minimum part transport speed. This minimum transport speed can then be used as a criterion for the final design of the part handling and transport system. The method is demonstrated and assessed in a case study.