大孔树脂在苦瓜皂甙提取纯化中的应用研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂在苦瓜皂甙提取纯化工艺中的应用.得到的最佳工艺条件:选用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂,在pH为8～9,浸提液与树脂料液比为8:1,吸附60 min,再用70%的乙醇溶剂作为洗脱液进行洗脱,洗脱液与树脂体积比为8:1,洗脱时间为40 min,收集洗脱液,然后浓缩干燥,就可得纯净的苦瓜皂甙.     

富集纯化三七皂甙Rb_3方法的研究

研究了丙酮直接结晶法,正丁醇萃取法,HPD-100型药用大孔吸附树脂对三七皂甙Rb3的精制作用,并对它们的效果及可行性进行比较,主要从上样量,纯化效果进行优化,确定了用大孔吸附树脂是工业上的最佳条件。     

正相液相制备色谱分离纯化三七叶甙中人参皂甙单体Rb3

以三七叶甙粗提物为原料,采用大孔吸附树脂法和正相液相制备色谱法建立了分离纯化三七叶甙中人参皂甙单体Rb3的制备工艺.首先采用D-101B大孔吸附树脂对原料进行精制,得到Rb3含量为50%的三七叶甙精制物.进而通过正相液相制备色谱柱(φ80mm×1000mm)分离纯化三七叶甙精制物,通过考察流动相组成、流速和上样量等因素对分离效果的影响,确定了适宜的工艺操作条件流动相为正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-水溶液[体积比为211(上层)],流速为35～40mL.min-1,上样量为10g.在该工艺条件下得到了人参皂甙单体Rb3,纯度达95%.本方法简便、分离效率高、重复性好,为人参皂甙类新药的开发奠定了基础.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化百合皂甙的工艺研究

以百合中总皂甙质量分教为考察指标,用AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化百合皂甙.采用正交实验法对纯化工艺进行优选,考察生药浓度、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱速率对百合中总皂甙提取率的影响.最佳工艺条件为:取溶胀后AB-8大孔吸附树脂20 mL、生药浓度O.7 g/mL、用10倍树脂体积ψ(乙醇)=70%以1.0滴/s的洗脱速率洗脱,百合皂甙样品中百合皂甙的质量分数为87.8%.     

大孔树脂对金银花中绿原酸的纯化研究

考察不同型号的大孔吸附树脂对金银花中的绿原酸的提取纯化效果,为进一步开发金银花的相关产品提供参考。采用HPLC法测定绿原酸含量;选用5种不同型号的大孔树采用静态吸附法,筛选出吸附效果和解吸效果较好的大孔吸附树脂;采用动态吸附法,考察大孔树脂的吸附、解吸附性能和纯化效果。NKA-9大孔树脂综合性能最佳,提取液在酸性条件下吸附量最佳。NKA-9大孔树脂对绿原酸的提取纯化效果较好,可用于工业化生产。     

人参皂苷的提取和精制工艺研究

以西洋参茎叶为原料,索氏提取法提取西洋参茎叶原料中人参皂苷,并采用高氯酸比色法,以人参皂苷标准品Re为对照品,分析西洋参茎和叶中人参皂苷的含量。结果表明,叶中人参皂苷的含量明显高于茎。故以叶为原料,研究不同的提取和精制工艺。结果表明:超声波提取人参皂苷提取率较水煎煮提取大。比较大孔树脂吸附和溶剂萃取两种不同精制工艺,正丁醇溶剂萃取精制得到的人参皂苷含量较大孔树脂吸附大,其人参皂苷提取率较大孔树脂吸附高,再经A l2O3脱色,得到西洋参叶人参皂苷含量均在90%以上。     

大孔吸附树脂在中药纯化中的应用进展

大孔树脂具备选择性吸附特点,能够从中药提取液中分离精制有效成分或有效部位,是一种纯化中药有效成分的有效方法。该技术的推广应用,将有利于解决单味中药及复方提取液中提取、分离与纯化中长期以来存在的诸多问题,显著加快中药产业现代化的进程。本文综述了近年来大孔吸附树脂技术在中药有效成分黄酮类、生物碱类、皂苷类、酚酸类成分、多糖类等化合物成分及在中药复方纯化过程中的应用进展,为进一步的研究提供参考依据。     

人参皂苷的提取和精制工艺研究

以西洋参茎叶为原料，索氏提取法提取西洋参茎叶原料中人参皂苷，并采用高氯酸比色法，以人参皂苷标准品Re为对照品，分析西洋参茎和叶中人参皂苷的含量。结果表明，叶中人参皂苷的含量明显高于茎。故以叶为原料，研究不同的提取和精制工艺。结果表明：超声波提取人参皂苷提取率较水煎煮提取大。比较大孔树脂吸附和溶剂萃取两种不同精制工艺，正丁醇溶剂萃取精制得到的人参皂苷含量较大孔树脂吸附大，其人参皂苷提取率较大孔树脂吸附高，再经Al2O3脱色，得到西洋参叶人参皂苷含量均在90％以上。     

大孔树脂在抗生素提取与精制中的应用

介绍了大孔树脂的分离原理,综述了大孔树脂在抗生素提取与精制中的应用,着重探讨了当今研究热点、存在问题及其改进方向,并展望了其发展前景。     

吸附树脂法提取茶皂甙

本文介绍用水浸提、D型大孔吸附树脂富集纯化离子交换纤维脱色制备固体茶皂甙的方法，其粗甙收率达8.96％。     

膜技术精制茶皂素的工艺研究

采用膜技术纯化水酶法提取茶油后水相中茶皂素.结果表明,先在pH值5.5条件下采用孔径为300 nm的微滤膜进行除杂,皂素含量由2.84％提高到11.09％,损失率为9.12％；再采用截留分子量为500 Da的纳滤膜对除杂后的物料进行浓缩,皂素含量由3.57％提高到15.30％,损失率为13.7％,能够保留大部分的茶皂素...     

亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液中同步分离木质素磺酸盐和低聚木糖的方法研究

分别采用有机溶剂萃取法、超滤法、大孔树脂吸附法、离子交换法分离提取亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液中的木质素磺酸盐和低聚木糖。研究结果表明超滤法不能达到分离目的,有机溶剂沉淀和大孔树脂吸附可实现木质素磺酸镁的纯化,采用D380离子交换树脂进行离子交换层析可将废液中低聚木糖和木质素磺酸镁完全分离,回收所得低聚木糖和木质素磺酸盐纯度分别可达63.95%和91.28%。因此,D380树脂固定床离子交换法是一种简单有效的提取废液中高附加值产品的方法,可实现亚硫酸氢镁预处理麦秆废液的高值化利用,具有强劲的市场应用潜力。     

从茶籽饼粕中提取茶皂素的研究

叙述了大孔吸附树脂法提取茶皂素工艺。结果表明 ,取等量茶皂素提取液 12 0mL ,大孔树脂法得茶皂素产量 10 98g ,茶皂素质量分数 91 7% ,正丁醇萃取法产量 5 86g ,茶皂素质量分数78.0 %     

大孔吸附树脂提取分离牛膝总甾酮

对大孔吸附树脂提取分离牛膝总甾酮的吸附和洗脱性能进行了研究。结果表明,D型大孔吸附树脂对牛膝总甾酮的吸附量为28 9mg/g;在pH=2～10,吸附流速<1 2BV(BV:树脂柱床体积)/min,用φ(C2H5OH)=85%的乙醇2BV,牛膝总甾酮就可以被完全洗脱;经D型大孔吸附树脂提取分离后,提取物中总甾酮质量分数可达到60%,蜕皮甾酮质量分数可达到10%以上,说明大孔吸附树脂提取分离牛膝总甾酮的方法可行。     

对-羟基苯海因生产过程中含酚废水的处理

用蒸馏—萃取—大孔树脂吸附的工艺处理化学—酶法生产D 对 羟基苯甘氨酸过程产生的含酚废水 ,苯酚回收率接近 10 0 % ,每 2t废水可回收苯酚 16 0kg ,稀盐酸 170 0kg。蒸馏后的母液套用于对 羟基苯海因 (HPH)的合成 ,可使其收率提高 10 % ,回收得到的酚钠可用于合成     

茶皂素提取条件的优化及纯化研究

以油茶茶籽粕为原料，采用乙醇水溶液提取茶皂素。在茶籽粉和乙醇料液比1 : 9(g : mL)，乙醇体积分数60%，提取温度60 ℃和提取时间3 h的最佳条件下茶皂素的提取得率达14.9%。用NKA-9型大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化茶皂素粗品，树脂静态吸附与解吸结果表明：树脂静态吸附茶皂素粗提液0.5 h基本饱和，体积分数80%乙醇解吸率为91.1%；动态吸附与解吸时，上样流速8 mL/min较佳，吸附率为66.04%，体积分数80%乙醇洗脱，洗脱流速5.0 mL/min，洗脱体积50 mL时，可使流出液中茶皂素质量浓度在1.25~1.57 g/L之间，茶皂素纯度为95%。     

Green Liquor Pretreatment of Mixed Hardwood for Ethanol Production in a Repurposed Kraft Pulp Mill

Abstract

The development of a new, relatively simple process, which uses green liquor (sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide) as a pretreatment for the production of ethanol is described in this article. The pulps produced by this process can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to monomeric sugars with a high overall sugar recovery. The use of green liquor for pretreatment ensures that the chemicals used during pretreatment can be recovered efficiently using proven technology and can be easily implemented in a repurposed kraft pulp mill. The yield of pulps produced by the green liquor pretreatment process is about 80% with nearly 100% cellulose and 75% xylan in retention in mixed southern hardwood. The low pH prevents the random hydrolysis of polysaccharide and secondary peeling reactions from occurring during the pretreatment, resulting in higher retention of the polysaccharides in pulp. About 35% of the lignin is removed during the green liquor pretreatment process, which is sufficient for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. The amount of sugar produced in enzymatic hydrolysis increased with both the green liquor and enzyme charge. The increase in enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency was small as the total titrateable alkali was increased beyond 12–16%. With green liquor pretreatment at 16% Total Titrateable Alkali (TTA), the overall sugar recovery for hardwood was shown to be around 77% at a cellulase charge of 20 FPU/gm of substrate. A sugar recovery of 80% could be achieved at higher enzyme charges. These levels of sugar recovery are competitive with other pretreatments for hardwood. This novel pretreatment process can be used to repurpose kraft mills, which are being closed due to a decrease in the demand for paper in North America, for production of ethanol.     

Effects of pre-fermentation enzyme treatments of leaves,stems, and roots of ginseng on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus</Emphasis> fermentation characteristics and ginsenoside metabolite formation

The extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of ginseng leaves, stems and roots for the production of fermented ginseng were optimized in order to enhance the extraction of oligosaccharide, which is a Lactobacillus growth-activating factor. Additionally, the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on Lactobacillus fermentation characteristics and metabolites of ginsenoside were investigated. The ginseng leaves were found to be more suitable for the raw material of fermented ginseng products because ginseng leaves have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin content than ginseng roots. The optimized conditions were found as particle size of ginseng raw material below 0.15 mm, pH 5.0–5.5, reaction temperature of 55–60 °C, Ceremix concentration of 1%, and reaction time of 2 h. It was shown that the polysaccharides of ginseng were hydrolysed to oligosaccharide by the enzymatic hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems and roots. The total oligosaccharide content increased by the enzyme treatment up to 2.2-fold, 5.3-fold and 2.3-fold in ginseng leaves, stems and roots, respectively, compared to control (no treatment). It was found that the enzymatic treatment promoted the Lactobacillus growth, resulting in more significant change in total oligosaccharide consumption and total acidity. The content of several metabolites of ginsenoside, such as Compound K, Rg₁, Rh₁ and Rg₃, was selectively increased by combining the enzymatic treatment and Lactobacillus fermentation. Especially, in the case of enzyme treatment using ginseng leaves, Compound K formation was enhanced up to three-fold compared to control (no treatment). Moreover, in case of combined treatment of enzyme and fermentation, Compound K formation was significantly promoted up to ten-fold.     

Application of a macromolecular Sn (II) complex to the preparation of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals

To develop insoluble Sn²⁺ complexes for the preparation of ^99mTc radiopharmaceuticals, the adsorption of Sn²⁺ to macroreticular chelating ion exchange resins having various functional groups was investigated. Among them, a resin containing aminophosphonic acid groups showed a high adsorption capacity for Sn²⁺, which was bound strongly to the resin by chelation. This macromolecular Sn²⁺ complex was very stable against hydrolysis and oxidation, and could be applied satisfactorily for the reduction of ^99mTc.     

Gallium recovery from Bayer's liquor using hydroxamic acid resin

Gallium, which is extensively used in the production of semiconductor materials, is present at the parts per million level in Bayer's liquor. The low concentration of gallium in the liquor, along with the high concentration of aluminum, prompted the use of chelating ion exchangers as an alternative separation process. A chelating ion exchange resin with hydroxamic groups attached to the copolymer of acrylonitrile‐divinylbenzene has been prepared by suspension polymerization followed by hydrolysis and chelation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Adsorption studies of gallium, using the above hydroxamic acid resin, were carried out. Adsorption was dependent on particle size of the resin and optimum conditions are determined for obtaining 0.3‐ to 0.5‐mm particles by varying the composition of the emulsion, using a secondary polymerization technique, and adding of diluents. Acrylic acid, as a diluent in the copolymer matrix, was found to increase the particle size and stability of the resin. IR studies, carried out for the products obtained at various stages, confirmed the conversion of polymer to resin with a hydroxamic acid group and its complex formation with gallium. Both batch and column studies were carried out for the determination of the capacity of the resin with synthetic Bayer's liquor containing gallium and commercial Bayer's liquor. Scaled‐up column studies were carried out with commercial Bayer's liquor to test the cyclability and stability of the resin. It was observed that chelated ion exchange resin could be recycled up to 30 times. The optimal liquid to solid phase ratio was found to be 1:12. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 847–855, 2004