CCD观测相机视频处理电路的设计

在讨论传统的CCD观测相机视频处理方式的基础上,设计了以高集成度的专用CCD视频信号处理芯片VSP2212为核心的CCD观测相机视频处理电路方案.对所设计的视频处理电路进行了软硬件联调测试,仿真和实验结果表明,该系统集成度高,功耗小,运行稳定,噪声低,使CCD观测相机朝着轻最化、小型化方向发展奠定了良好的基础.     

三线阵CCD视频信号处理系统研究

本文简要分析了三线阵CCD的原理结构,根据其输出视频信号特征及系统要求,需要实现相关双采样、可编程增益控制、行校准等综合处理的方法。TDA8783是CCD专用视频信号处理器,包含上述功能,且性能优异,本文详细阐述了其实现方法,并成功应用于研制的线阵CCD相机,得到了行频360Hz的理想视频图像,信噪比达到55dB。     

基于CPLD的高速面阵CCD驱动电路设计

着重介绍了基于CPLD来设计产生高速面阵IA-D1CCD芯片复杂驱动时序和整个CCD相机的电子系统控制逻辑时序。同时采用CCD视频处理专用集成芯片处理CCD输出信号,提高了图像信噪比,改善了图像质量。使用结果表明:该硬件电路结构简单、成本低廉、可靠性高、功耗较低,并满足了工程项目小型化的要求。     

CCD成像系统中模拟前端噪声的研究

为了提高CCD成像电子学系统的信噪比,设计了3种模拟前端电路,借助Orcad软件对它们的输出波形进行比较,分析电路结构与噪声产生机理的关系,从理论上比较3种电路结构的噪声水平。然后采用三线阵CCD探测器KLI8023和视频处理器TDA9965在硬件上实现3路模拟前端的电路设计,并通过X64-LVDS采集卡分别将3路图像信息显示在终端机上。每个像元成像50次,统计这50次的均方差（噪声）和信噪比,通过拟合曲线比较三路模拟前端的噪声水平和信噪比。在相同光照条件下,第1路的信噪比达到750dB,第3路只有600dB,验证了理论分析的结果,讨论不同像元频率、带宽与信噪比的关系,为今后的成像系统电路设计提供参考和实验依据。     

基于H.264编码算法的高速CCD视频压缩系统设计

为了满足航空大面阵CCD相机视频数据高速、实时传输和存储的要求,本文设计了一种基于H.264视频编码算法的压缩系统。整个压缩系统分为CCD前端、视频压缩、视频显示、视频压缩码流存储以及压缩分析单元,视频压缩单元采用高性能视频专用DSP处理器TMS320DM642,软件平台采用在CCS3.1上使用C语言实现H.264压缩算法。为了使压缩算法高效快速的运行,本文使用了DSP/BIOS资源来管理软硬件工作。 为了高速交互数据,采用了EDMA高速搬运数据策略,进而保证了数据实时传输的需要。实验结果表明,本文提出的压缩系统可以稳定正常的工作,具有良好压缩性能,在压缩比40:1~10:1范围内,平均信噪比高于35dB,满足了航空CCD相机应用的需求。     

基于FPGA高速视频图像实时采集与处理系统设计

针对高速视频图像实时采集与处理系统处理数据量大与系统实时性之间的矛盾,设计了一种基于高性能FPGA的高带宽处理系统。采用Cyclone IV GX系列芯片为核心处理器,4片DDR2构造64位总线。完成了高速系统硬件电路设计,系统主要由高速视频图像传感器、FPGA、DDR2、VGA控制器件等组成。实现了高速视频图像数据的实时采集、缓存、处理、显示等一系列过程。实验表明,利用此系统进行高速视频图像的实时采集、处理与显示时,处理速度快,动态画面流畅,实时性好。     

TMS320DM642为核心的视频图像处理器外围电路设计

探讨以TMS320DM642为核心的实时视频数字图像处理器的总体结构。重点阐述图像处理器的外围电路设计,包括其各部分功能以及所选用的主要器件,同时针对视频图像处理算法的性质,对视频图像处理过程中图像数据的存放位置给出了一定原则。该设计系统充分发挥数字信号处理器(DSP)TMS320DM642的高性能特点。最后指出该设计系统的主要特点及其自身具有的优越性。     

行间转移型面阵CCD成像系统设计

采用行间转移型面阵CCD KAI-1020作为图像传感器,以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）为核心控制器,设计并实现了一个完整的成像系统。FPGA产生驱动时序、控制CCD上电顺序、调节曝光时间,并实现数据缓存。CCD模拟视频信号经过预处理,通过同轴电缆传输到CCD专用视频处理器进行相关双采样和模数转换,以10位像素深度输出到FPGA,数字视频信号经过差分芯片驱动以低压差分信号（LVDS）格式输出到数据采集卡。集成化视频处理电路提高了系统的信噪比,改善了成像质量。实验表明,CCD成像系统工作稳定可靠,像素读出时钟为10 MHz时,帧频为10帧/s。设计的CCD成像系统性能好、可靠性高、实现周期短,具有很强的可扩展性。     

机载TDI CCD相机高速图像实时存储系统

介绍了用于一种机载TDI CCD相机的高速图像实时存储系统的设计方案。系统中CCD相机图像数据经过数据缓存器缓存后传递给DMA控制器,再经过SCSI协议控制器写入SCSI硬盘中。利用VHDL语言对FPGA芯片编程实现主控制器和DMA控制器功能,从而协调SCSI协议处理器实现数据的存储。经过实验验证,该系统能够满足机载TDI CCD相机的高速图像实时存储要求。     

CCD视频信号集成处理器的暗电平自动校正

在应用CCD视频信号集成处理器(视频处理器)的相机系统中,在目标亮度不变的情况下,当增益参数设置较大时,视频处理器的暗电平自动校正过程会导致CCD图像在开始阶段出现灰度值"渐变"和"突变"现象。以EXAR公司XRD98L59为例,对视频处理器内部结构和暗电平自动校正的工作过程进行分析,建立了暗电平自动校正过程的数学模型,通过实验确定了各项参数的值。根据模型计算结果,将相机系统准备时间调整为5s,解决了CCD图像在开始阶段灰度值"渐变"和"突变"的问题。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.