基于硅塑性变形的蛇形梁垂直梳齿驱动器

设计了基于硅塑性变形的垂直梳齿驱动器,中央可动微镜由四组蛇形曲折梁支撑。驱动器的制作采用硅—硅键合技术,首先利用DRIE干法刻蚀技术释放可动梳齿与固定梳齿,然后通过各向异性湿法腐蚀制作的施压凸台实现可动梳齿和固定梳齿的精确自对准,最后利用硅塑性变形使可动梳齿和固定梳齿在垂直方向上产生位错,成功制作出在Z方向依靠位错梳齿实现垂直驱动的蛇形梁静电梳齿驱动器。     

静电梳齿驱动结构的稳定性分析

静电梳齿驱动结构的最大驱动位移主要受限于其侧向不稳定性,即当驱动电压接近吸合电压时,静电梳齿驱动结构的活动梳齿与固定梳齿发生吸合,导致静电梳齿驱动器失效.建立典型静电梳齿驱动结构的稳定性分析模型,研究梳齿驱动结构稳定性的影响因素,并进行理论分析、仿真分析和实验验证.结果表明:支撑梁结构的纵/横刚度比是影响静电梳齿驱动结...     

用于硅基氮化镓可调微镜的静电梳齿型微驱动器设计

提出并设计了一种用于硅基氮化镓(GaN)可调微镜的静电梳齿型微驱动器.利用有限元软件建立了该器件的几何结构模型,对器件的结构进行了仿真优化.此外,采用微机电系统(MEMS)加工工艺,制作出了用于硅基氮化镓可调微镜的梳齿型微驱动器,并对其驱动特性进行测试.测试结果表明:所制作的微驱动器的位移随着电压的变化呈二次方关系,与仿真结果基本一致.当加载驱动电压为200 V时,微驱动器的驱动位移可达到1.08 μm.     

微谐振器结构性能的有限元分析

微谐振器是试飞测试系统的重要组成部件,微谐振器的性能影响到试飞测试系统的精确度.为了提高微谐振器的性能,在传统结构的基础上,提出改变微谐振器中折叠梁、驱动梳齿等结构的尺寸来改善其性能.运用有限元法对不同结构尺寸下的微谐振器进行模态、品质因子分析.仿真结果表明,横向微谐振器的一阶模态频率的大小很大程度上受到折叠梁尺寸的影响;静电梳齿的尺寸设计中,梳齿的宽度是影响驱动力和品质的一个关键因素.仿真结果表明,对提高微谐振器的性能具有一定的指导意义.     

静电梳齿执行器分辨率和稳定性分析

通过探讨典型的静电梳齿执行器的分辨率和稳定性的机理,揭示目前研究的典型等高度静电梳齿执行器的横向位移与驱动电压具有非线性关系.分辨率存在线性度差的问题.鉴于目前大多数通过增加梳齿结构平面复杂度来改善分辨率的方法存在的微制造困难.本文提出在不显著影响横向位移的条件下通过改变梳齿结构高度来改善分辨率的方法,事例仿真结果验证了梳齿变高度方法对改善分辨率的有效性,同时得到在梳齿变高度条件下静电梳齿执行器的稳定性有细微的下降的结论.     

一种新型解耦陀螺的结构及电路设计

提出了一种新型的静电驱动微机械陀螺结构,采用两组对称的梳齿结构作为驱动电极,同时采用中央质量块栅格和另外一组梳齿两种结构检测感应模态的振动.该结构阻尼系数小,可达到较高的测量分辨率和准确率.本文采用解析方法和有限元法分析了该结构的振动阻尼特性、机械解耦和噪声特性以及梳齿结构的电磁学特性.提出了该结构的驱动电路和信号检测电路,并对电路特性进行了仿真分析.     

静电微驱动器的高阶自激振动与数值仿真

相较于传统静电微驱动器,基于自激振动的静电微驱动器具有输出位移更大的优点,并且工作过程中出现高阶振动现象。为了对高阶振动进行研究,对其进行数值仿真。根据驱动器中的悬臂梁是否与电极发生接触,悬臂梁的振动被分成两个阶段。当悬臂梁与电极发生碰撞时,利用动量平衡法建立碰撞模型。当悬臂梁在电极之间振动时,利用欧拉—伯努利梁的弯曲方程求解。通过MATLAB的数值方法求解控制方程,计算不同时刻的挠度—位置曲线。数值仿真求解得到的振型与试验中观察到的对应相同,数值仿真中也观察到了试验中出现的频率跳跃现象。     

静电梳齿微谐振器结构参数化设计

从理论上分析静电梳齿微谐振器的机械力学特性,给出了活动梳齿的横向谐振频率解析解。鉴于目前静电微谐振器模拟仿真中存在的问题,提出利用基于MAST语言实现的MEMS宏模块建立微谐振器系统级通用仿真模型,为验证外围电路提供了基础。仿真结果与理论模态分析相一致,验证了模型的有效性。通过谐振频率对结构参数的敏感性分析为优化谐振器性能提供基础,使工作模态远离其他高阶模态;合理安排激励电极,抑制一阶模态扰动。敏感性仿真表明:在横向振动微谐振器中,工作模态谐振频率随梁长的增加而减小;随梁宽的增加而增大;结构层厚度对横向振动频率没有影响;梳齿部分所有参数的变化造成频率的反向变化。     

梳齿分布结构对静电驱动二维微扫描镜机械转角的影响

为增大静电驱动二维微扫描镜的机械转角,基于非线性动力学理论研究了不同梳齿结构对其振幅的影响,理论上得到发散型梳齿分布相较于平行型梳齿分布具有更大的机械转角。此外,采用绝缘体上硅(SOI)加工工艺设计并制作了这两种结构的微扫描镜,并对其相关特性进行了测试。测试结果表明:在相同的驱动电压下,发散型结构始终都比平行型结构具有更大的机械转角,与仿真结果基本一致;当加载驱动电压为42 V的方波信号时,发散型结构扫描镜的可动框架和镜面的最大机械转角可以达到12.3°、13.49°,而平行型结构扫描镜的可动框架和镜面的最大机械转角则为10.25°、11.68°。     

微陀螺梳齿静电驱动力的计算方法

准确计算静电力是分析微机械陀螺力学特性的关键.文章基于微陀螺静电驱动原理,介绍了微梳齿结构的静电场计算的无限大平板模型,边缘效应模型,拐角效应模型三种模型.推导了三种模型的电容计算公式和静电力计算公式.通过数值计算和有限元计算,得到交叠长度变化时,不同计算模型的电容和静电驱动力的对比和各种模型的适用范围.说明在微尺度条...     

Experimental verification of an out-of-plane repulsive-force electrostatic actuator using a macroscopic mechanism

A macroscopic mechanism is developed to verify a repulsive-force electrostatic actuator, which consists of an array of fixed finger electrodes and an array of moving finger electrodes. The actuator is able to generate an asymmetric electric field surrounding the top and bottom surfaces of each moving finger electrode to push the moving finger up and away from the fixed fingers. The macroscopic mechanism consists of a macro repulsive force actuator, a high voltage power supply, a z-stage, a high precision balance and a LCR meter. The force and capacitance characteristic curves of the actuator are obtained using the macro mechanism. The 3-stage force (repulsive, zero and attractive forces) of the actuator is verified, as well as the effects of the moving finger width on the actuator’s performance. Experimental tests show that the macro repulsive-force actuator can generate a repulsive force of 3,000 μN with a maximum gap of 9.5 mm for generating a repulsive force.     

Design, Modeling, and Demonstration of a MEMS Repulsive-Force Out-of-Plane Electrostatic Micro Actuator

An analytical model is developed for a two-layer repulsive-force out-of-plane micro electrostatic actuator by using conformal mapping techniques. The model provides the means to establish the performance characteristics in terms of stroke and generated force of the actuator and is used to develop design and optimization rules for the actuator. Numerical simulations were conducted in order to verify the analytical model. A simple physical model is also presented that explains the mechanism for generating the repulsive force. A Multi-User-MEMS-Processes repulsive-force out-of-plane rotation micromirror is developed to experimentally verify the analytical model and to demonstrate the repulsive-force actuator's capability of driving large-size rotation plates by using surface micromachining technology. Experimental measurements show that the repulsive-force rotation micromirror with a size of 312 mum times 312 mum achieved a mechanical rotation of 0deg-2.1deg at a dc driving voltage of 0-200 V. The micromirror achieved an open-loop settling time of 2.9 ms for a mechanical rotation of 2.3deg and an open-loop bandwidth of 150 Hz (-3 dB).     

Computational study of the effect of finger width and aspect ratios for the electrostatic levitating force of MEMS combdrive

Since the width ratio between movable and fixed fingers, and the aspect ratio between the height and width of fingers, can play very important roles for combdrive levitation control, computational study of variations in those parameters for electrostatic levitating force acting on the movable finger is indispensable for MEMS performance. For diverse finger width and aspect ratios of MEMS combdrive design, the BEM has become a better method than the domain-type FEM because BEM can provide a complete solution in terms of boundary values only, with substantial saving in modeling effort. DBEM still has some advantages over conventional BEM for singularity, so the DBEM was used to simulate the fringing of field around the edges of the fixed finger and movable finger of MEMS combdrive for diverse finger width and aspect ratios. Results show that the less the finger width ratio is, the larger the levitating force acting is. Furthermore, the levitating force becomes more dominant as the aspect ratio increases, but it will be kept constant while the aspect ratio becomes larger.     

A novel self-aligned electrostatic vertical actuator using plastic deformation technology

A novel method is presented to fabricate a self-aligned electrostatic vertical actuator using plastic deformation technology. The model of the vertical actuator is proposed and simulated using finite element analysis method. The fixed combs and movable combs, and spring beams are patterned using one mask and fabricated by DRIE technology simultaneously. The fixed combs and movable combs have staggered distance of 21.8 μm in the vertical direction on the condition of self-alignment using plastic deformation technology. The electrostatic vertical actuator has achieved large vertical drive displacement at low voltage. The measurement results show that the maximum drive displacement runs up to 17 μm at 17 V voltage between the fixed combs and movable combs. Experimental results verify the usefulness of the guidelines obtained from simulation and calculation.     

A micromachined reaction force actuator (RFA) for a nanomanipulator preparation

A reaction force actuator (RFA) was fabricated to translate a microstage with nanostep movement, and its performance was experimentally evaluated using an optical fiber based built-in microinterferometer. The proposed RFA consists of a shuttle mass, movable electrode, fixed electrode, springs, and spring anchor, all of which reside on the movable substrate. The RFA placed on the platform is free to move when the driving force is larger than the static friction. The fixed electrodes are gold-wired to the external electrodes on the platform covered with a dielectric layer for electrical isolation. When external voltage is applied to the electrodes, the springs experience deflections, and the electrostatic force and restoring force react on the movable substrate through the spring anchor and the fixed electrode, respectively. If the driving voltage is large enough that the resultant force overcomes the friction from the platform, the RFA including the movable substrate can make a displacement with no physical collision between the movable and fixed electrodes. In order to suppress the drift motion due to external noise, electrostatic pressure was applied between the movable substrate and the platform on which a 100-/spl mu/m-thick dielectric thin film is positioned. The nanomotion of the fabricated actuator was evaluated with various voltages using an optical fiber interferometer. The minimum step movement 1.21/spl plusmn/0.24 nm was experimentally obtained at the driving voltage of 18 V, and the estimated total displacement was 450 nm at the highest affordable driving voltage of 85 V.     

Laterally driven electrostatic repulsive-force microactuators usingasymmetric field distribution

We present a new electrostatic actuation method using a lateral repulsive-force induced by an asymmetric distribution of planar electrostatic field. The lateral repulsive-force has been characterized by a simple analytical equation, derived from a finite element simulation. Quality-factors are estimated from the computer simulation based on creep flow model. A set of repulsive-force polycrystalline silicon microactuators has been designed and fabricated by a four-mask surface-micromachining process. Static and dynamic response of the fabricated microactuators has been measured at the atmospheric pressure for the driving voltage range of 0-140 V. The static displacement of 1.27 μm is obtained at the dc voltage of 140 V. The resonant frequency of the repulsive-force microactuator increases from 11.7 kHz to 12.7 kHz when the dc induction voltage increases from 60 V to 140 V. The measured quality-factors are increased from 12 to 13 in the voltage range of 60-140 V. Fundamental characteristics of the force, frequency and quality-factor of the electrostatic repulsive-force microactuator have been discussed and compared with those of the conventional electrostatic attractive-force microactuator     

Trapezoidal-shaped electrostatic comb-drive actuator with large displacement and high driving force density

This paper presents a design of a comb finger shape and calculation of a trapezoidal-shaped electrostatic comb-drive actuator (TECA) in order to aim a higher electrostatic force density and larger displacement in comparison with the typical rectangular-shaped electrostatic comb-drive actuator (RECA). Relation between a beam’s stiffness and a driving voltage has been examined to predict a pull-in effect occurring in TECA. Micro fabrication and characterization of TECA and RECA systems are performed by using a standard SOI-MEMS technology. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the strong points of TECA’s structure (similar to the dimensions of RECA) such as a larger number of movable comb finger arrayed at the same length and larger displacement. At driving voltages of 47.9 and 50 (V), the calculation and measurement displacement of TECA are approximately 2.2 and 1.78 times larger than that of RECA, respectively.

     

毫米级静电微扑翼驱动器的结构设计、工艺与测试

针对仿昆虫扑翼飞行器核心动力装置——微驱动器的结构特点和研究难点,设计了一种基于静电驱动原理的毫米(mm)级微扑翼驱动器,并针对各个部件研究了整套加工工艺与测试方法.运动优化与升力测试结果表明:微扑翼驱动器(翼展9 mm,重量3 mg)以91 Hz的频率实现了±40°的拍动和±25°的扭转运动,输出1.5 mg的升力,升重较以往静电微扑翼驱动器有大幅提升.研究成果为实现仿昆虫微型飞行器的自主飞行提供了新的方向,并奠定了理论与试验基础.     

Analysis and test of a new MEMS micro-actuator

A large-deformation and low-voltage micro actuator is proposed in this paper to overcome the problems of high voltage and undersized deformation of electrostatic micro actuator. The principle of the proposed actuator is based on vertical-horizontal bending. Dynamic equations of the micro actuator under axial and horizontal loading are built based on Lagrange–Maxwell electromechanical dynamics equations. In addition, the influences of thermal stress, axial electrostatic force and squeezing force are analyzed. Furthermore, the horizontal distributed load and axial load are equivalent to horizontal centralized load based on the Runge–Kutta algorithm and finite difference method. The relationships of deformation with driving voltage, regulation voltage, and axial compression quantity and temperature difference are achieved by simulation. Simulation results show that the deformation of the proposed actuator is as high as 10.861 μm when the driving voltage is 16 V. The deformation of proposed micro actuator is larger than that of the existing one. Finally, the simulation results are verified by experiment and agree well with experiment results.