磺基甜菜碱氟碳表面活性剂的泡沫性能研究

本文将N-[3 (二甲基氨基)-丙基]-全氟辛基磺酰胺(NFA)与2-羟基-3-氯丙磺酸钠在碱性环境中反应,得到了磺基甜菜碱氟碳表面活性剂(FS),评价了FS作为起泡剂产生的泡沫的抗盐性能和耐油性能.结果表明FS耐盐浓度分别达到NaCl 4×104 mg/L、CaCl2 2×103 mg/L、MgCl2 2×104 mg/L;煤油、环己烷含量分别达到30%、50%时,起泡性能和泡沫稳定性仍良好;而乙醇加量在3%时还可以提高泡沫的起泡性.     

十二烷基硫酸钠与氟碳表面活性剂混合体系的溶液性能

测定新型非离子氟碳表面活性剂(Intechem-01)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合体系的表面张力、cmc、泡沫性能,研究了两者之间的相互作用。结果表明:Intechem-01与SDS质量比为3:1时,体系表面张力最低,cmc最小,体系出现最大协同效应;并且Intechem-01显示了良好的稳泡性能,当其与SDS质量比为5:1时,混合体系25%析液时间可达99.2s。     

碳氟-碳氢表面活性剂复配性能研究

测定了新型非离子氟碳表面活性剂Intechem-01与α-烯烃磺酸盐(AOS-201)复配溶液性能,结果显示出两者之间很好的协同效应。复配后溶液表面张力维持较低水平,cmc低达1.6×10-3(wt%),油水界面张力<1.8mN.m-1,从而可以在油面上更好铺展;同时表现出特有的泡沫性能。     

一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

对一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂协同作用进行了研究,考察了该表面活性剂与无机盐、阴离子碳氢表面活性剂、阴离子氟碳表面活性剂和非离子氟碳表面活性剂的复配性能,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明:该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂自身表面张力为24.0 mN/m;电解质氯化钠对该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂影响显著,可使表面张力下降到22.4 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)可使表面张力降至21.4 mN/m;阴离子氟碳表面活性剂全氟丁基磺酸钾和四乙基全氟辛基磺酸铵分别使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m和20.2 mN/m;而非离子氟碳表面活性剂N-乙基-N-聚氧乙烯(9)醚-全氟辛基磺酰胺能使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m。     

氨基酸型氟碳表面活性剂的合成及应用

以全氟辛基磺酰氟、乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为主要原料,合成了N-(2-全氟辛基磺酰胺基乙基)-β,β′-亚氨基二丙酸二钠氨基酸型氟碳表面活性剂,通过酸碱滴定、核磁共振和红外光谱对其分子结构进行了表征。测试结果表明,所合成表面活性剂的临界表面张力为16.5 mN/m(20℃),临界胶束浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,具有良好的表面活性。在水成膜泡沫灭火剂中应用,能显著提高泡沫灭火剂的灭火性能和抗烧性能,灭火时间由45.8 s降到24.6 s,抗烧时间由4.7 min提高到7.8 min。500 L放大实验产品经检测,灭火性能达到GB 17427—1998的ⅠA级。     

异构十醇聚氧乙烯醚与阴离子表面活性剂复配体系的性能研究

对异构十醇聚氧乙烯醚(IC_(10)EO_n)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(2)醚硫酸钠(C_(12~14)E_2S)的水溶性进行分析,研究了LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S对异构十醇聚氧乙烯(8)醚(IC_(10)EO_8)浊点的影响,同时考察了IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S复配体系的润湿力、泡沫性能、去污力等。结果表明,在25℃下,当IC_(10)EO_n的EO加合数为3,8和9时可与水以任意比例互溶,不会形成凝胶;在IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的复配体系中,当LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量分数大于0.6%时,浊点迅速上升;IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量比在3∶1~1∶3范围内,复配体系的润湿性能优于单一表面活性剂,当IC_(10)EO_8与LAS和C_(12~14)E_2S的质量比为1∶1时,润湿性能最佳;IC_(10)EO_8的泡沫性能较差,随着阴离子表面活性剂的含量增加,复配体系起泡力逐渐增强,泡沫稳定性呈不规则变化;加入一定量的阴离子表面活性剂可提高IC_(10)EO_8的去污力。     

阴离子表面活性剂复配体系的匀染性能研究

当烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾、缩甲醛四烷基萘磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠及蓖麻油硫酸化钠的质量比为2．0：1．0：1．3：1．0：1．0时，对羊毛匀染性具有最佳效果，在pH为1的酸性溶液中稳定。与国外同类产品进行比较，在纯水和染浴中的渗透时间及起泡消泡性基本相当，分别是1．2min～1．3min和1．3min～1．4min(参照物)；起泡性分别是2mL～6mL和1．5mL～5．0mL(参照物)；消泡性分别为0．5mL～3．5mL和0mL～3mL(参照物)。同等条件下，该混合物的表观色深值和色差值分别为29．4和0．72，参照物分别为23．60和1．82。表明上述阴离子表面活性剂之间具有良好的协同效应，其混合物对羊毛上染具有好的匀染性和较高的上染率。     

表面活性剂及其复配体系

本文主要介绍了表面活性的种类、特性以及复配方法。并着重介绍了复配体系的复配方法、性能以及应用用于学习交流。     

4种新型氟碳表面活性剂

介绍了巨化集团技术中心最新开发的4种氟碳表面活性剂:3-三聚环氧六氟丙烷酰胺基丙基(2-亚硫酸) 乙基二甲基铵、3-三聚环氧六氟丙烷酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、8-3-9氟碳-碳氢柔桥混链双季铵、6-3_9氟碳柔桥混链双季铵。其临界胶束浓度CMC分别为1.14×10-4、1．12×10-3、4．93×10-4、2．78×10-4 mol／L,在临界胶束浓度时表面张力分别为19．0、22．0、20．9、22．7 mN／m,在质量分数0．1％时,表面张力分别为16．4、18．2、19．2、20．4 mN／m。分析了氟碳表面活性剂结构与性能的关系。     

氟碳表面活性剂工业应用研究进展

氟碳表面活性剂具有“三高”、“两憎”的特性，在一些特殊的工业领域发挥着极其重要的作用。着重分析近年来氟碳表面活性剂的主要工业应用现状，并预测了氟碳表面活性剂在今后的工业应用趋势。     

Relationship between foaming properties and solution properties of protein/nonionic surfactant mixtures

The foaming properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA), in the absence and presence of Triton X-100 (TX-100), have been investigated using shaking tests. The results showed that increases in the TX-100 bulk concentration rapidly reduced both foam height and foam stability at TX-100 concentrations below about 0.25 mM, but increased foam height and foam stability at TX-100 concentration above 0.3 mM. The interaction between BSA and TX-100 has been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The surfactant appeared to bind to BSA with a low molar ratio (about one surfactant molecule per protein molecule) at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC); the binding became weaker at concentrations above the CMC. It was confirmed that protein-protein or protein-surfactant interactions had significant influence upon foaming properties of mixed protein/surfactant system.     

Effect of branched PP content on the physical properties and cell growth during foaming of TPOs

Linear/branched PP blends at various ratios were used as the matrix for thermoplastic olefin (TPO) compounds, containing an ethylene–octene copolymer dispersed phase. A detailed investigation of the physical properties of these blends revealed that addition of branched PP (BPP) resulted in improved stiffness and flexural properties. Given that the phase morphology of the blends and the interfacial tension between their components remained virtually unaffected, these improvements are attributed to the higher stiffness of the BPP‐containing matrices. Talc‐filled TPOs containing branched PPs exhibited further improvements in the stiffness and flexural properties. An investigation into the bubble growth process during foaming using a batch foaming simulation system revealed that the presence of BPP resulted in a slight delay in cell nucleation, whereas the rate of bubble growth was not significantly altered. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

硫酸化妥尔油表面活性剂的合成及其泡沫性能研究

以妥尔油和浓硫酸为原料制备硫酸化妥尔油表面活性剂。通过单因素试验考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应转速和浓硫酸与妥尔油摩尔比对硫酸化妥尔油表面活性剂泡沫性能的影响,并探讨了不同碱中和剂对其泡沫性能和表面张力的影响。结果表明,硫酸化妥尔油的较佳合成条件为:反应时间6 h,反应温度40℃,反应转速600 r/min,浓硫酸与妥尔油摩尔比为1:5;采用N-甲基二乙醇胺中和所得硫酸化妥尔油表面活性剂的起泡性和稳泡性较佳,发泡体积为350 mL,半衰期为27 min;不同碱中和后所得表面活性剂的表面张力均在28~33 mN/m之间;将较佳条件下制备的硫酸化妥尔油表面活性剂经N-甲基二乙醇胺中和后与硬脂酸铵进行复配,当m(硬脂酸铵):m(硫酸化妥尔油)=3:2时,发泡体积达到550 mL,半衰期为35 min。     

改性剂对聚丙烯流变性能和发泡行为的影响

在改性聚丙烯PPFP1920中加入丙烯酸类树脂改性剂(记作G200)进行共混改性,制备了PPFP1920/G200复合材料,研究了G200含量对聚丙烯流变性能、发泡行为的影响.结果表明:随着G200含量的增加,复合材料的熔体流动速率大幅降低,复数黏度和低频储能模量提高,低频损耗因子降低,熔体弹性变好,复合材料可发泡性提...     

Comparative study on foaming and foam stability of multiple mixed systems of fluorocarbon,hydrocarbon, and amino acid surfactants

This study focuses on the effect of amino acid surfactant (sodium lauroyl glutamate [SLG]) on foam properties of a mixture of fluorocarbon (FS-50) and hydrocarbon (APG0810) surfactants. The molecular interactions, foamability, and foam stability of the surfactant solutions are systematically studied. The results show that SLG has stronger ability to lower surface tension of water compared to APG0810, but worse that than FS-50, and to adsorb onto gas/liquid interface in mixed solutions with FS-50 compared to APG0810. The addition of SLG increased foamability of APG0810/FS-50 mixed solution, and decelerated foam drainage and coarsening of individual APG0810, individual FS-50, and mixture of APG0810/FS-50 solutions. The mixture of SLG/FS-50 exhibited the higher foamability and foam stability than the frequently used critical component of the new developed AFFF, the mixture of APG0810/FS-50. This study can provide guidance for the scientific application of amino acid surfactants in the development of environmentally friendly firefighting foams.     

含多官能团Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

以氯乙酰氯、间苯二甲酰氯、长链伯胺（碳链长度为8、12、14和16）和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为原料合成了一系列含多官能团Gemini阳离子表面活性剂目标产物（I₈、I₁₂、I₁₄和I₁₆）。采用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对产物进行了结构表征。通过电导率法测量目标产物在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度（CMC）,并计算出胶束的热力学参数（、、）;在298.15K条件下,通过表面张力法测定目标产物的表面张力（γ_CMC）,并探讨了目标产物的泡沫性能和乳化性能。结果表明：目标产物有较低的临界胶束浓度值（CMC）,在298.15K条件下,最低CMC达到0.05mmol/L;I₁₆的γ_CMC最低为36.14mN/m;泡沫性和乳化性测试结果表明,在298.15K条件下,I₈的起泡能力最好,I₁₂和I₁₄的稳泡性最好,均达到100%;目标产物对苯和二甲苯具有很好的乳化性能,其中I₁₂对二甲苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为900s,I₁₆对苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为629s。     

Cu-Fe基催化剂在煤基合成气制低碳混合醇中的应用

利用高性能催化剂将煤基合成气制成低碳混合醇成为煤基合成气利用的新方向,催化剂的选择成为合成反应的关键。介绍了改性甲醇合成催化剂、改性Fischer—Tropsch合成催化剂以及贵金属铑基催化剂等催化剂及其特点。作为Fischer—Tropsch合成催化剂之一的Ctl-Fe基催化剂因成本低、反应条件温和、具有较高的活性、醇和c：＋醇选择性而被广泛应用。重点介绍了Cu-Fe基催化剂的催化反应机理,以及主组分、助剂、载体类型和制备方法对其催化性能的影响。     

聚丙烯/粉煤灰微发泡复合材料的制备及发泡性能研究

采用化学微发泡法制备了聚丙烯/粉煤灰(PPFP1919/FA)微发泡复合材料,并对不同FA含量的PPFP1919/FA复合材料的流变性能、发泡质量及力学性能进行研究.结果表明,FA分散在PPFP1919基体中提高了复合材料的熔体强度,使熔体弹性变好,可发泡性提高;FA在发泡过程中还起到了异相成核作用,提供了成核点,从而...     

Interaction of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon hydrophobically co-modified PAA with a nonionic surfactant: rheological properties of polymer solutions in the absence of salt

The interaction of a new hydrocarbon (HC) and fluorocarbon (FC) co-modified poly(acrylic acid), SA-1-FX14-1, with a HC nonionic surfactant, Np7.5, was investigated by rheological measurements. Its solution property was compared with HC or FC modified counterpart. It was found that the incompatibility between HC and FC groups in the micellization process was improved in the solution of SA-1-FX14-1. The terpolymer SA-1-FX14-1 associated with Np7.5 more like SA-2 rather than FX14-2. The latter interacted weakly with the HC surfactant due to the lipophobic tendency of the FC hydrophobe. The random distribution of FC and HC hydrophobes along the polyelectrolyte backbone was confirmed to be responsible for the compromised miscibility of HC and FC hydrophobes demonstrated in the system of SA-1-FX14-1 and Np7.5. Several affecting factors, such as backbone rigidity, polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, and FC modifying degree of the terpolymers, were also taken into account. In terms of hybrid surfactants, this type of hybrid polysoap is promising to serve as novel media improving the miscibility of HC and FC groups just as those hybrid small molecule surfactants have done.     

双子两性磷酸酯/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的表面活性

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和双子两性磷酸酯表面活性剂(C12GP)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同作用,发现C12GP与SDS摩尔比为4∶1时增效作用显著.考察了无机盐、醇对复配体系表面活性的影响.结果表明:加盐能够提高表面活性;短链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,当混合表面活性剂的浓度较低时,其临界胶束浓度(ccm)比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm有所下降;同时长链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,其ccm比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm下降显著.