微通道内高通量磁泳分离实验研究

磁泳是实现生物分离的主要手段之一.利用功能磁珠在微流控芯片上实现高效磁泳分离是近年来的研究热点.对直径为1μm的超顺磁磁珠在当量直径为114.3μm的矩形微通道内的磁泳分离特性进行了实验研究.利用高速CCD观测了磁珠在微通道内捕获与释放的全过程,并通过图像分析,得到了磁珠的捕获情况随时间及流速的变化规律.实验发现,在高...     

Rapid magnetophoretic separation of microalgae

Magnetic collection of the microalgae Chlorella sp. from culture media facilitated by low-gradient magnetophoretic separation is achieved in real time. A removal efficiency as high as 99% is accomplished by binding of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to microalgal cells in the presence of the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as a binder and subsequently subjecting the mixture to a NdFeB permanent magnet with surface magnetic field ≈6000 G and magnetic field gradient <80 T m(-1) . Surface functionalization of magnetic NPs with PDDA before exposure to Chlorella sp. is proven to be more effective in promoting higher magnetophoretic removal efficiency than the conventional procedure, in which premixing of microalgal cells with binder is carried out before the addition of NPs. Rodlike NPs are a superior candidate for enhancing the magnetophoretic separation compared to spherical NPs due to their stable magnetic moment that originates from shape anisotropy and the tendency to form large NP aggregates. Cell chaining is observed for nanorod-tagged Chlorella sp. which eventually fosters the formation of elongated cell clusters.     

Spatial fractionation of paramagnetic particles precipitating in a high-gradient magnetic field of a short magnetized cylinder

The motion of dia- and paramagnetic particles precipitating in a liquid near a vertical magnetized cylinder of finite length in a plane transverse to the direction of magnetization has been studied, the phenomenon of spatial separation of paramagnetic particles by the value of magnetic susceptibility is described, and a comparison of the efficiency of separation of paramagnetic particles in the fields of a short cylinder and a sphere has been carried out.     

Investigation of the process of diamagnetic particle separation in a high-gradient ordered-structure magnetic field

On the basis of the model of a flow-type magnetic filter with a transversely magnetized ordered system of long ferromagnetic rods of rectangular cross section, the process of high-gradient magnetic separation of microscopic diamagnetic particles (potato starch granules of sizes 8–30 μm) from a liquid suspension has been investigated. The registered laws of change in the concentration and size distribution of particles at the suspension outlet from the filter agree with the theoretical conclusions obtained from the analysis of the magnetic field structure and thecharacter of the particle motion in the filter volume.     

Dynamic capture and accumulation of multiple types of magnetic particles based on fully coupled multiphysics model in multiwire matrix for high-gradient magnetic separation

High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) effectively separates fine weakly magnetic minerals using a magnetic matrix. The basic principle of single-wire capture of magnetic particles in HGMS has received considerable attention. In practice, however, a real matrix is made of numerous magnetic wires. Transport of magnetic particles inside a multiwire matrix under various operating conditions has not been sufficiently investigated, and it is not clear whether single-wire and multiwire matrices differ significantly. A fully coupled multiphysics model based on the idealized capture model was developed to investigate the 2D capture and accumulation of multiple types of particles in single-wire and multiwire matrices. In this model, the properties of multiple types of particles were defined. Then, particle tracing via the fluid flow model was used to calculate the dynamic capture and accumulation of particles under the determined magnetic and flow fields. The time-dependent dynamic capture mode used in this study can reveal the details of particle capture and accumulation in single-wire and multiwire matrices. All the calculations and analyses indicate that single-wire and multiwire matrices both exhibit basically the similar capture tendency as the particle size, slurry feed velocity, and magnetic induction are gradually increased, and a single-wire matrix always has a much higher capture selectivity than a multiwire matrix. This difference in selectivity between the single-wire and multiwire matrices results mainly from magnetic coupling between magnetic wires in the multiwire matrix, where the fluid flow is also quite complicated. In addition, adjacent columns of wires are staggered vertically, increasing the probability of collisions between the particles and the wires; thus, intergrowth particles that are not captured by the upstream wires are more easily captured by the downstream wires. By comparing the experimental results with the simulation results, the correctness of the HGMS recovery and grade prediction results was verified.     

High gradient magnetic separation of china clays

High gradient magnetic separation has proved to be a successful method for removing micron size colouring bodies from china clays. Clays from Chotanagpur, Bihar have been beneficiated to improve its brightness. The effect of field, flow rate and dispersing agents has been studied on both the run of mine (rom) clay and the washed clay. Significant improvement in the brightness of clay has been obtained.     

铝熔体中磁性杂质颗粒的电磁分离

分析了磁性杂质颗粒在电磁场中的受力情况,采用磁平衡法测量了铝熔体中两种典型富铁相杂质颗粒的磁化率,指出铝熔体中的富铁相杂质是顺磁性物质,在电磁场中受到电磁力和磁场力的驱动作用,确定其在分离器上的聚集方式．静态电磁分离试验结果表明,当磁场强度大于145mT时,电磁力起主要作用;当磁场强度小于120mT时,磁场力起主要作用．     

Effects of a high-gradient magnetic field on the migratory behavior of primary crystal silicon in hypereutectic Al–Si alloy

The migration of primary Si grains during the solidification of Al–18 wt%Si alloy under a high-gradient magnetic field has been investigated experimentally. It was found that under a gradient magnetic field, the primary Si grains migrated toward one end of the specimen, forming a Si-rich layer, and the thickness of the Si-rich layer increased with increasing magnetic flux density. No movement of Si grains was apparent under a magnetic field below 2.3 T. For magnetic fields above 6.6 T, however, the thickness of the Si-rich layer was almost constant. It was shown that the static field also played a role in impeding the movement of the grains. The primary Si grains were refined in the Si layer, even though the primary silicon grains were very dense. The effect of the magnetic flux density on the migratory behavior is discussed.     

超导磁分离工业废水处理技术研究

超导高梯度磁分离污水处理是一种新型的污水处理技术.采用超导磁体和经过表面有机改性的铁磁性颗粒为"磁种"与污水中非磁性有害物质絮接,通过强磁场分离COD值降到78 ms/L,污水净化效果良好.讨论了利用等离子体聚合薄膜制备具有强捕捉能力的磁性粒子工艺.     

舰船固定磁场分量分离的一种新方法

为了准确了解舰船的固定磁场分布，进而对舰船磁性防护作出指导，用等效磁偶板子的方法对舰船固定磁场分量分离的方法进行了研究，通过对固定磁场垂直分量总和的曲线进行分析，根据磁偶板子组合产生磁场规律的先验知识，选择最佳的磁偶板子的排列方式，然后对磁偶板子磁矩范围进行估计，最后利用遗传算法这种全局优化算法求出磁源的参数，进而分离出固定磁场各个分量。仿真计算结果表明，该方法能够比较好地搜索到磁偶板子的最佳数目、位置和磁矩，可以用于舰船固定磁场的分离。     

磁性膨胀石墨的制备及对油的吸附分离与再生

以硝酸钴和硝酸铁为主要原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备CoFe2O4纳米磁性微粒,然后将其与膨胀石墨复合制得CoFe2O4载量不同的磁性膨胀石墨。用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、震动样品磁强计(VSM)、扫描电镜(SEM)对CoFe2O4纳米磁性微粒和磁性膨胀石墨进行了表征。并研究了CoFe2O4载量不同的磁性膨胀石墨对不同油类的饱和吸油量、对水和油的竞争吸附比、不同吸附时间和环境温度对饱和吸油量的影响、磁分离回收及离心法再生吸附后的磁性膨胀石墨。结果表明,合成的CoFe2O4结晶度高,晶粒度约为13nm。CoFe2O4载量越低、油品粘度越高,磁性膨胀石墨的饱和吸油量越大;油品粘度越大,油、水竞争吸附时水含量越低;磁性膨胀石墨10s即可达到饱和吸油量的80%,90s后达到饱和吸附;CoFe2O4载量为35%时,磁回收率为99.2%,且再生离心转速为3000r/min时再生吸油量达到较大值。     

Functionalization of high-moment magnetic nanodisks for cell manipulation and separation

Synthetic antiferromagnetic （SAF） nanoparticles are layer-structured particles with high single-particle magnetic moments. In order to covalently bind these nanopartides to cells, they were coated with a silica shell followed by conjugation with streptavidin. The silica coating generates both SAF@SiO2 core-shell nano- particles and silica core-free nanopartides. Using a simple magnetic separation, silica nanoparticles were removed and SAF@SiO2 nanoparticles were purified. After streptavidin conjugation, these particles were used to stain lung cancer cells, making them highly magnetically responsive. The stained cells can rotate in response to an external magnetic field and can be captured when a blood sample containing these cells flows through the sifter.     

超声驻波场中固液黏附液滴悬浮分离研究

针对影响高能束内加工质量和效率关键因素,提出新的废屑排出方法。首先建立了超声驻波作用下固液分离数学模型;其次模拟了有无液滴声场分布;然后模拟并试验研究了液滴的形变及运动过程。结果表明,液滴周围的声压大于液滴内部的声压,可促使液滴收缩分离,为液滴超声悬浮分离提供理论支持;在声辐射力、表面张力、黏附力、静压等力耦合作用下,液滴发生变形驱动液滴周围的气流向中心集聚,进而实现分离,并以中央凹陷的扁平球状稳定悬浮于声波节点。     

Magnetophoretic continuous purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes from catalytic impurities in a microfluidic device

A magnetophoretic continuous purification method is presented of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from the superparamagnetic iron-catalyst impurities in a microfluidic device without any influence on inherent SWCNT properties. By employing microfluidics and a magnetic-field-induced saw-tooth nickel microstructure, a highly enhanced magnetic force in adjoining microchannels is exploited. The iron impurities of SWCNTs are attracted towards areas of higher magnetic-flux density in the microchannels where magnetic field was asymmetrically generated perpendicularly to the streamline. We obtained highly purified SWCNTs at a rate of 0.36 mg h(-1) and that are estimated to be about 99% purity.     

语音分离技术的研究现状与展望

从计算听觉场景分析和盲源分离两种方法综述了当前语音分离技术的研究现状和发展方向。计算听觉场景分析是用计算机来模拟人类听觉系统的处理机制。它可分为两大类：一类是数据驱动型，特点是信息由低级向高级的单向流动；另一类是图式驱动型，特点是信息由低级向高级和由高级向低级结合的双向流动。最后指出信息双向互流的混合语音分离模式将是未来计算听觉场景分析研究的主要模式：基于听觉和视觉的结合来改善语音分离效果的研究将是未来研究方向之一。此外，盲源分离的欠完全问题．非线性混叠信号的可分离性、非平稳混叠信号的盲分离问题都将需要进一步研究：基于CASA和BSS联合进行语音分离将是未来研究的热点。     

机械合金化的原理及在磁性材料研究中的应用

介绍了机械合金化的原理和描述机械合金化过程的理论模型。综述了机械合金化在磁性材料研究中的应用，并对目前研究中的存在的问题及发展前景进行了分析。     

Texturing by cooling a metallic melt in a magnetic field

Abstract

Processing in a magnetic field leads to the texturing of materials along an easy-magnetization axis when a minimum anisotropy energy exists at the processing temperature; the magnetic field can be applied to a particle assembly embedded into a liquid, or to a solid at a high diffusion temperature close to the melting temperature or between the liquidus and the solidus temperatures in a region of partial melting. It has been shown in many experiments that texturing is easy to achieve in congruent and noncongruent compounds by applying the field above the melting temperature T_m or above the liquidus temperature of alloys. Texturing from a melt is successful when the overheating temperature is just a few degrees above T_m and fails when the processing time above T_m is too long or when the overheating temperature is too high; these observations indicate the presence of unmelted crystals above T_m with a size depending on these two variables that act as growth nuclei. A recent model that predicts the existence of unmelted crystals above the melting temperature is used to calculate their radius in a bismuth melt.     

磁分离光触媒的制备及其在污水处理中的应用

纳米TiO2光催化剂是当前最有应用潜力的一种高级氧化水处理技术.然而,使用过程中纳米TiO2悬浮法污水处理过程中的回收再利用技术始终不令人满意.本文探讨了采用磁分离技术解决这一问题的可行性;采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁载二氧化钛光催化剂;设计了一种新型污水处理设备,检验光催化剂回收率及二次使用时其催化活性的变化率;在改进的工艺基础上讨论了各种因素对制备纳米TiO2的影响.     

磁选粉煤灰砂浆的导电性研究

Fe3O4具有很强的磁性,利用简单的磁选工艺将普通粉煤灰中的铁氧化物(Fe1-δO)吸取出来,可得Fe3O4含量较高的磁选粉煤灰。Fe3O4在常温下的电导率为2.5×104Ω-1.m-1,和沥青基碳纤维的电导率为同一数量级。利用磁选粉煤灰作为导电材料可以制备出具有良好导电性能和力学性能且成本低廉的导电砂浆。随着磁选粉煤灰掺量的增加,粉煤灰颗粒互相接触并逐渐形成局部导电网络,使电子和空穴可通过隧道效应跃过水泥基体阻隔所形成的势垒进行传导;当磁选粉煤灰掺量超过"渗滤阈值"后,砂浆的导电性明显增强,与掺加细集料的碳纤维导电砂浆的导电性接近。     

Plasma synthesis of carbon powder with embedded Fe3C nanoparticles for magnetic separation of biomolecules

In this article we report the synthesis of a carbon powder with embedded magnetic nanoparticles. Precursors, ferrocene and ethylene glycol, were loaded in a quartz combustion tube and pyrolysed by microwave plasma under vacuum conditions. The synthesized powder was similar to graphite in texture, but strongly attracted by magnetic fields. Several analytical techniques were carried out, including X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Transmission and Scanning Electron microscopies, X-ray Diffraction and BET isotherm. The resulting material is a ramified framework of carbon, similar to activated carbon, with embedded Fe₃C/C core-shell nanoparticles. BET analysis gives a type IV isotherm, common for mesoporous adsorbents. A protocol was developed for the purification of nucleic acids by magnetic separation. The material gives satisfactory results for DNA extraction. It is concluded that due to the non-toxicity nature of the C shells and the outstanding magnetic property of the Fe₃C nanoparticles this absorptive carbonaceous material can be applied in fields of biomedicine or biotechnology.