底电极与组分对Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜结构与介电性能影响的研究

以Pt与La0.5Sr0.5CoO3为电极,采用溶胶-凝胶法分别沉积Sr/Ba比不同的Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜,研究结果表明:沉积在两种电极上的Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜,随着Sr/Ba比的增加,Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜的介电常数呈先增大后减小的趋势,当Sr含量为50%即为Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3且频率为1 kHz时,薄膜具有最大的介电常数,分别是80,95和最小的介质损耗,分别是0.15,0.1.介电常数随着频率的升高呈下降趋势,介质损耗则成上升趋势.沉积La0.5Sr0.5CoO3电极上的Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜比Pt电极上的Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜具有更高的介电常数和低的介质损耗.     

KTa1-xNbxO3三组分复合热释电薄膜的制备与性能研究

利用多组分复合宽化铁电相变温区, 使薄膜以高的热释电系数出现在较宽的温度范围.在BaTiO3/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上用溶胶-凝胶法制备了0.5 μm KTa1-x Nb xO3(x=0.45, 0.50, 0.55)三组分等厚度的复合薄膜.0.5 μmKTN-0.08 μmB T薄膜在28～72 ℃温度范围内, 1.0 kHz时, 其εr=1100, tanδ=1.2% .在室温及120 kV/cm下极化30 min后, 0.5 μm复合薄膜在28～72 ℃温度范围内热释电系数出现峰值, 平均热释电系数p=2.7×10-6C/cm2*K, 电压响应优值Fv =8.99×10-10 C*cm/J,探测度优值Fd=27.0×10-8 C *cm/J, 该薄膜工作温度范围很宽, 是一种优异的热释电材料.     

La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜制备及其电致变色特性研究

基于提高TiO2薄膜的光学属性和着色效率,以钛酸四丁酯和氧化镧为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,在ITO玻璃表面制备La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜.通过XRD、SEM、EDS、TG-DTA等手段对制备La3+掺杂TiO2凝胶粉末进行表征,使用电化学工作站CHI660E和紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-5500PC对La3+掺杂TiO2薄膜的电致变色性能进行测试.结果表明:凝胶在加热的过程中发生一系列的物理和化学反应,且当温度升高至400 ℃时,系统达到相对热稳定状态.经600℃热处理,La3+掺杂TiO2转化为金红石相.外加电压为-2V时,薄膜显示为深蓝色,反向施压至+2V时,蓝色褪去.金红石相TiO2无定形程度随La3+掺入量增加而提高,对应其着色效率提高.La3掺杂TiO2薄膜在可见光范围内透过率均在70％ ～ 80％,光学性能良好.     

PVP添加剂改善溶胶-凝胶法制备BST薄膜表面结构及介电性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVP)为添加剂采用改善的溶胶凝胶法制备了Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)薄膜,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)及原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了薄膜的表面结构与介电性能.结果表明:PVP显著改善了BST薄膜的表面形貌,当PVP∶ Ti的物质的量比为0.7%时,BST薄膜表面形貌最佳,光滑致密无裂纹无缩孔.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明,PVP有助于减少BST薄膜表面非钙钛矿结构.介电性能测试表明,在40 V外加电压下BST薄膜的介电调谐率达45%,零偏压下的介电损耗低于0.02.另外,对PVP的作用机理进行了讨论.     

K2Ti6O13薄膜电极的制备及其光电化学

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了隧道状结构的K2Ti6O13薄膜电极. 溶胶-凝胶法解决了K2Ti6O13与导电基材间结合差的难题,实现了该电极良好的导电性能. 在此基础上,通过紫外-可见光吸收光谱结合电化学方法确定了K2Ti6O13薄膜的能带结构. 溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜电极用于验证方法的可靠性,并作为K2Ti6O13薄膜结构和性能特征的参照系. 实验结果表明,制备的K2Ti6O13薄膜电极禁带宽度为3.05 eV,小于K2Ti6O13粉体的禁带宽度(3.45 eV)和TiO2薄膜的禁带宽度(3.22 eV),具有可见光响应能力. 同时,K2Ti6O13薄膜电极的导带电位(-0.77 V, vs. NHE)低于TiO2薄膜电极(-0.61 V, vs. NHE),显示其还原能力优于TiO2薄膜电极,具有较强的光解水产氢潜力. 此外,K2Ti6O13薄膜的电化学表征还表明其具有很好的电子-空穴分离能力和材料稳定性. 因此,制备的K2Ti6O13薄膜在可见光光解水制氢领域将有较好的应用潜力.     

用于复合型薄膜电极的TiO2-ZnO复合溶胶的研究

为了制备TiO2-ZnO复合型薄膜电极,本研究采用了不同Ti/Zn摩尔比,探讨TiO2与ZnO溶胶混合方法对TiO2-ZnO复合型薄膜结构与性能的影响.溶胶制备方法为溶胶-凝胶法( sol-gel),两种复合溶胶的Ti/Zn摩尔比为3∶1及1∶1.对两种混合溶胶分别进行了差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)及XRD分析.测试结果表明:Ti/Zn(摩尔比)=3∶1复合溶胶的差热-热重曲线在370℃和415℃两个温度点出现较为明显的放热峰.对应XRD分析中也显示热处理后的溶胶中出现了锐钛矿和偏钛酸锌这两种晶相,Ti/Zn(摩尔比)=1∶1复合溶胶的差热-热重曲线仅在450℃出现一个明显放热峰,其对应XRD分析显示,在各个热处理温度下,该复合溶胶仅含有唯一晶相偏钛酸锌.两种混合溶胶测试分析表明,以直接混合TiO2及ZnO溶胶的方式,薄膜中将会出现偏钛酸锌,偏钛酸锌具有高介电常数,即具有较低的绝缘性能和较高的导电性能,用于半导体薄膜中可能会有益于光电性能的提高.本文还采用Ti/Zn(摩尔比)=3∶1混合溶胶在未腐蚀和已腐蚀玻璃载体上进行了镀膜实验,对热处理后的样品进行了表面及断面的SEM研究,发现采用分步热处理方式,可以得到较为理想的薄膜,基体腐蚀与否对薄膜和基体的结合性甚微.     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化薄膜

以TiCl4为前驱体,无水乙醇为氧供体,聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)为成膜控制剂,通过非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2光催化薄膜.应用X射线衍射和热重-差式扫描量热研究了TiO2凝胶在热处理过程中的物相变化.采用场发射扫描电镜和光照甲基橙的降解实验研究了TiCl4浓度和镀膜次数对TiO2薄膜显微结构和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜开始出现金红石相的温度为750 ℃,高于传统水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的薄膜.TiCl4浓度和PEG用量是影响薄膜结构和光催化性能的关键因素.当TiCl4浓度为0.83 mol/L,PEG与TiCl4摩尔比为0.1时,所制备的薄膜是一种晶粒细小且孔隙及孔径分布均匀的多孔膜,这有利于提高薄膜的比表面积,薄膜具有最佳的光催化性能.     

TiO_2薄膜制备条件对甲醛光催化降解性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜,并进行了甲醛的光催化降解实验,考察了制备条件对光催化降解性能的影响。结果表明,适宜的制备工艺条件为:溶胶体系pH=3,溶胶配方中V(钛酸丁酯)∶V(无水乙醇)∶V(水)∶V(冰醋酸)=5∶34∶2∶2,干溶胶在600℃下活化5h,制成的薄膜光催化降解甲醛降解率大于50%。     

PbO-SiO2玻璃对Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷致密度和介电性能的影响

为了制备耐高压、高储能密度陶瓷电容器,研究了不同PbO-SiO2(PS)玻璃添加量对Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷致密度和介电性能的影响。结果表明:PS玻璃能有效降低Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷的烧结温度,细化晶粒,提高样品的致密度。添加适量PS玻璃改善了Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷的介电性能。添加质量分数为1%PS玻璃的Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷在1100℃烧结致密,相对密度达到98.3%,平均击穿场强达到15.4kV/mm,相对于纯Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3陶瓷的提高了1.5倍,1kHz的室温相对介电常数达到1179,介电损耗为6×10-4。     

Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜结构与光电流研究

采用溶胶凝胶-浸渍提拉法在ITO玻璃上制备了纯TiO2、Ce掺杂TiO2薄膜以及纯TiO2、Ce掺杂TiO2粉体.利用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS等对样品进行晶体结构、表面形貌、化学成分等表征,利用电化学工作站测试了薄膜电极光电流.结果表明:纯TiO2与Ce掺杂TiO2结构均为锐钛矿结构,薄膜掺杂后晶粒粒径减小,掺杂的Ce元素以Ce3+、Ce4共存形式存在,有效地促进了电子-空穴分离,提高了TiO2薄膜电极光电流.     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

阻隔性PET/PEN共聚酯的性能研究

对共聚型阻隔聚酯PETNx(x为共聚酯中NDA占羧酸总质量的百分比)的热性能、流变性能和阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,PETNx体系属于假塑性流体。PETNx的CO2气体阻隔性优于常规PET;随着PETNx中NDA含量的增加,共聚物的玻璃化温度呈线性增高。