页岩-浮石烧结制品的制备与性能

以页岩为粘结剂制备页岩-浮石二元体系烧结制品,利用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等测试手段,研究烧结温度以及页岩和浮石含量对烧结制品性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度为1 050℃的页岩-浮石烧结制品性能较其他温度烧结的更好;随着页岩含量的增加,质量损失率增大,试件尺寸收缩率减小;1 050℃下试件B、C的密度、显气孔率和吸水率相差不大,试件C的强度较试件B的增大了12%。     

高气孔率莫来石制备、性能及其非线性导热模型

以高铝矾土、硅灰为原料, 玉米淀粉为造孔剂制备高气孔率莫来石, 通过XRD、SEM等对产物物相、形貌进行表征, 研究淀粉含量对显气孔率、体积密度和抗折强度的影响, 及不同显气孔率的莫来石随温度变化的导热系数, 建立体积密度、抗折强度与气孔率关系模型及非线性导热模型。结果表明: 体积密度、抗折强度随气孔率增加而减小, 并符合指数函数关系。导热系数随温度的升高而增大, 实测值与非线性导热模型计算值吻合较好, 非线性导热模型能够准确地反映高气孔率莫来石导热系数与温度、气孔率、平均孔径和热辐射等之间的关系。     

粉煤灰-城市污泥基多孔陶瓷材料的制备及性能

为了提高工业废弃物的综合利用效率,以粉煤灰和城市污泥为主要原料,利用添加造孔剂法制备了多孔陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM表征了陶瓷的晶相和显微结构,并研究了粉煤灰和城市污泥的配比对多孔陶瓷显气孔率、抗折强度等性能的影响。结果表明,当粉煤灰和城市污泥的配比在1∶1~3∶1之间可制备出性能优良的多孔陶瓷;当配比为3∶2时,可制得显气孔率为41.91%、抗折强度为10.06MPa、体积密度为1.32g/cm~3的多孔陶瓷材料。     

由椴木木粉和酚醛树脂制备木材陶瓷的研究

以椴木木粉和酚醛树脂为原料制成一种新的木材陶瓷.用TGA、XRlD和SEM技术分别对木材陶瓷的形成机理、物相构成和微观结构进行了表征与研究.详细讨论了碳化温度和酚醛树脂用量对木材陶瓷显气孔率、体积电阻率和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明,木材陶瓷是由酚醛树脂生成的玻璃态的硬碳和由木粉生成的无定形的软碳组成的多孔性碳复合材料;随碳化温度升高或酚醛树脂用量的增加,木材陶瓷的显气孔率和弯曲强度增大,体积电阻率下降;碳化温度升高可以使(002)衍射峰逐渐变窄,强度增大,并且向高角度移动,晶面间距d₍₀₀₂₎减小,而酚醛树脂用量的增加对(002)衍射峰和晶面间距d₍₀₀₂₎基本没有影响;当碳化温度为1350℃,酚醛树脂用量为160wt％时,木材陶瓷的显气孔率、体积电阻率和弯曲强度分别达到了50％、2.0×10^-2Ω·cm和25MPa.     

ZrO2复合A12O3基陶瓷的抗热震性能

将氧化锆添加到氧化铝基陶瓷中,系统研究了其加入量(外加质量分数分别为0.75％、1.5％、2.25％和3％)对试样烧结性能、高温膨胀性能及导热性能的影响.通过高温立式热膨胀仪、激光导热仪等分析测试技术对试样进行了性能表征,结果表明:随着氧化锆加入量的增大,试样的显气孔率增大,体积密度减小;试样的导热系数随氧化锆的加入呈指数衰减,导热性能降低;其热膨胀系数呈正弦曲线变化,wt(ZrO2)％为1.5％～2.0％的试样热膨胀系数最小.氧化锆的引入,可改善氧化铝基陶瓷材料的抗热震性能.     

气孔结构参数对刚玉质浇注料热导率的影响

本文以铝酸钙水泥(Secar 71)结合刚玉质浇注料为研究对象,通过调整粒度级配(临界粒度为0.088mm和1mm)、热处理温度(分别为1500℃和1600℃)和添加糊精(分别为0、0.5％、1％和1.5％)等方法来改变浇注料试样的气孔结构参数,从而研究其对试样热导率的影响.研究结果表明:试样的显气孔率和气孔中位径均随着热处理温度的升高或糊精含量的增加而增大;当试样的临界粒度增加(0.088mm到1mm)时,因坯体密度提高,烧结更为显著,致使试样的显气孔率变小,气孔中位径增大;试样的常温热导率随显气孔率及气孔中位径的增大而减小,且此变化规律不受临界粒度的影响,临界粒度变化只改变热导率的大小,而并不会改变热导率的变化规律.     

微波热效应陶瓷材料性能研究

采用常压烧结法合成了Fe2O3-莫来石微波热效应陶瓷材料,并对材料的抗弯强度、抗热震性能及介电性能进行了研究.结果表明,随烧结温度由1250℃升高至1350℃,烧结样品中残留的刚玉相减少,微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度、抗弯强度显著增大,相对介电常数随Fe2O3含量增加而增大,气孔率适中.在最佳烧结温度1350℃,氧化铁含量为30％,莫来石理论含量为70％条件下,制备的微波热效应陶瓷材料的体积密度为2.185g/cm3,抗压强度为77MPa,相对介电常数适中,满足微波热效应陶瓷性能要求.     

利用电瓷废料原位合成莫来石陶瓷

为探讨能否用纯电瓷废料合成莫来石陶瓷,本文对比了以电瓷废料细粉为原料,再添加部分Al_2O_3细粉和以纯电瓷废料细粉为原料合成莫来石陶瓷。探讨了原料配比和烧结温度对合成的莫来石陶瓷的结构和性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分别研究了莫来石的物相组成与显微结构。研究表明:随着烧成温度升高,莫来石的含量增加,体积密度增大;由于原料采用电瓷废料细粉,烧结活性较大,有利于烧结的进行,并提高烧结密度;采用纯电瓷废料合成的莫来石陶瓷的体积密度和耐压强度最高,气孔率最小,综合性能最优。     

ZrO2复合Al2O3基陶瓷的抗热震性能

将氧化锆添加到氧化铝基陶瓷中,系统研究了其加入量(外加质量分数分别为0.75%、1.5%、2.25%和3%)对试样烧结性能、高温膨胀性能及导热性能的影响。通过高温立式热膨胀仪、激光导热仪等分析测试技术对试样进行了性能表征,结果表明:随着氧化锆加入量的增大,试样的显气孔率增大,体积密度减小;试样的导热系数随氧化锆的加入呈指数衰减,导热性能降低;其热膨胀系数呈正弦曲线变化,wt(ZrO2)%为1.5%～2.0%的试样热膨胀系数最小。氧化锆的引入,可改善氧化铝基陶瓷材料的抗热震性能。     

空心玻璃微珠造孔制备多孔莫来石陶瓷及其性能EI北大核心

以煤矸石和铝矾土为原料,空心玻璃微珠为造孔剂,采用压制成型烧结制备多孔莫来石陶瓷。研究空心玻璃微珠添加量和烧结温度对物相组成、显微结构、抗弯强度和耐酸碱腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:提高空心玻璃微珠添加量可以增大多孔陶瓷气孔率;空心玻璃微珠的添加可以促进莫来石相的形成,降低烧结温度。在一定温度范围内提高烧结温度可以增大气孔率,但烧结温度超过1350℃后气孔率开始下降。保持Al_(2)O_(3)∶SiO_(2)摩尔比为3∶2,调整空心玻璃微珠添加量至1.68%(质量分数),在1350℃保温2 h烧结条件下可获得气孔率为33.23%、抗弯强度为56.41 MPa的多孔莫来石陶瓷,其耐酸碱腐蚀性能良好。     

Self-healing ability of fly ash–cement systems

Concrete is susceptible to cracking due to both autogenous and drying shrinkage. Nevertheless, most of these types of cracks occur before 28 days. Because fly ash continues to hydrate after 28 days, it is likely that hydrated products from fly ash may modify microstructure, seal these cracks, and prolong the service life. This research investigates the self-healing ability of fly ash–cement paste. Compressive strength, porosity, chloride diffusion coefficients, hydration reactions and hydrated products were studied. The research focuses on behavior after 28 days. According to the experimental results, the fly ash–cement system has the self-healing ability for cracks that occur from shrinkage. The self-healing ability increased when the fraction of fly ash increased.     

Sintering of MSW fly ash for reuse as a concrete aggregate

The sintering process of municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash was investigated in order to manufacture sintered products for reuse as concrete aggregates.Four types of fly ash resulting from different Italian MSW incineration plants were tested in this study. A modification of the chemical composition of MSW fly ash--through a preliminary four-stage washing treatment of this material with water--was attempted to improve the chemical and mechanical characteristics of sintered products.The sintering treatment of untreated or washed fly ash was performed on cylindrical compact specimens (15 mm in diameter and 20mm in height) at different compact pressures, sintering temperatures and times.The sintering process of untreated MSW fly ashes proved to be ineffective for manufacturing sintered products for reuse as a construction material, because of the adverse chemical characteristics of these fly ashes in terms of sulfate, chloride, and vitrifying oxide contents.A preliminary washing treatment of MSW fly ash with water greatly improved the chemical and mechanical characteristics of sintered products and, for all the types of fly ash tested, the sintered products satisfied the Italian requirements for normal weight aggregates for use in concretes having a specified strength not greater than 12 and 15N/mm(2), when measured on cylindrical and cubic specimens, respectively.A compact pressure of 28 N/mm(2), a sintering temperature of 1140 degrees C, and a sintering time of 60 min were the best operating conditions for manufacturing sintered products of washed MSW fly ash.     

Pore properties,inner chemical environment,and microstructure of nano-modified CFA-WBP (class C fly ash-waste brick powder) based geopolymers

In order to study the influence of waste brick powder (WBP) and nano-modification on class C fly ash (CFA) based geopolymer, pore properties (i.e. bulk density, apparent porosity, and true porosity, and closed porosity) were tested according to the related Chinese National Standard, and the pore structure was also explored by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP); Water leaching procedure were performed to study the inner chemical environment; X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were measured to the microstructure and modification mechanism. The results show that WBP as additive results in a denser structure of geopolymer; nano-modification improves the pore structure, ameliorates the anti-leaching ability of geopolymer by constraining the soluble ions in gels, makes the geopolymerization more complete, and results in a denser paste structure by filling gaps between the particles with amounts of reaction products.     

A study of physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of Talcher coal fly ash for stowing in underground coal mines

This study examines the suitability of Talcher coal fly ash for stowing in the nearby underground coal mines based on their physico-chemical and mineralogical analysis. The physical properties such as bulk density, specific gravity, particle size distribution, porosity, permeability and water holding capacity etc. have been determined. From the chemical characterization it is found that the ash samples are enriched predominantly in silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and iron oxides (Fe₂O₃), along with a little amount of CaO, and fall under the Class F fly ash category. In addition, the mineral phases identified in the ash samples are quartz, mullite, magnetite, and hematite. The particle morphological analysis revealed that the ash particles are almost spherical in shape and the bulk ash porous in nature. From the particle size and permeability point of view, pond ash may be considered a better stowing material than fly ash.     

Effect of heating temperature on the sintering characteristics of sewage sludge ash

This study investigated and analyzed the effects of the heating temperature on the properties of the sintered sewage sludge ash. The results indicated that the water absorption rate of the sintered sewage sludge ash samples decreased when the firing temperature was increased from 800 to 900 degrees C. When the heating temperature reached 1000 degrees C, the absorption rate decreased significantly. The bulk density of the sewage sludge ash samples increased by 2.3g/cm3 when the heating temperature was increased from 900 to 1000 degrees C, indicating that the densification was affected by heating. The porosity of the sintered sewage sludge ash samples ranged from 36% to 39% when the heating temperature ranged from 600 to 900 degrees C. The least porosity occurred at 1000 degrees C; the sintered samples were well densified. When the temperature was between 900 and 1000 degrees C, the strength appeared to increase significantly, reaching 2040 kgf/cm2, implying an advance in densification due to sintering. The SEM observations were in general agreement with the trends shown by the density data.     

Preparation of aluminium-fly ash particulate composite by powder metallurgy technique

Aluminium-fly ash mixtures containing different weight percentages of fly ash were prepared and compacted at pressures from 138–414 MPa. The compacts prepared at 414 MPa were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere at 600, 625 and 645°C, respectively. The time of sintering ranged from 0.5–6 h. The densification parameter and the green densities of the compacts were determined as a function of compacting pressure and fly ash weight per cent. Density, hardness and strength of the sintered compacts were determined as a function of weight per cent of fly ash particles. Volume changes during sintering of green compacts were also evaluated as a function of increasing fly ash weight per cent. Microscopic studies of green and sintered compacts were done to study the effectiveness of sintering. Green and sintered density of the compacts were found to decrease with increasing weight per cents of fly ash. Sintering results in slight decrease in density and increase in volume of green compacts within the range investigated. Strength of the sintered compacts decreased with increasing weight per cent of fly ash under the present experimental conditions; however, the hardness was found to increase slightly up to 10 wt% fly ash, beyond which it decreased. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

粉煤灰对泡沫混凝土物理力学性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰掺量和水灰比对粉煤灰掺量较大的泡沫混凝土的干密度和抗压强度的影响,利用经验公式计算泡沫混凝土的孔隙率,重点研究泡沫混凝土的孔隙率和干密度、抗压强度的关系。研究结果表明随着粉煤灰掺量的增加泡沫混凝土的干密度和抗压强度均呈下降的趋势。当粉煤灰掺量由25%上升到30%时,不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土干密度下降均超过了60 kg/m3;粉煤灰掺量由30%提高到40%时,不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土抗压强度下降的趋势都明显减小。以粉煤灰取代水泥后,孔隙率和干密度的拟合公式为 Y =27126.8-64295.9X +38334.4X 2,相关系数为0.9097;孔隙率和抗压强度的拟合公式为Y =58.7-142.2X +86.3X 2,相关系数为0.9802。     

Modeling flow properties of fine dry powders using particle morphological properties and its effects on geometry of fly ash evacuation hoppers

This paper results from an ongoing effort to correlate the physical properties of powders at a fundamental level with their bulk behavior. Cohesion and unconfined yield stress are the measure of inter-particle forces of attraction in the bulk powder. The existing model for cohesion does not include important bulk properties, such as particle size distribution, tapped density, and prevailing applied stress. In the present paper, flow properties of 25 bulk solids (different cement and fly ash samples) have been evaluated using a ring shear tester and the products have been characterized according to their flowabilities. Models for cohesion and unconfined yield strength have been developed in this study by taking into account the effects of particle size distribution, tapped bulk density and pre-shear stress. The newly developed models have provided good fit to the experimental data. The effect of these flow properties on the design of hoppers have been investigated for fly ash samples collected from seven consecutive electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hoppers of a coal fired thermal power station. The results show that fly ash from the rear end ESP hopper would require higher amount of opening size compared to the first or second field of ESP to ensure proper mass flow condition is achieved at all the ESP hoppers.     

Preparation of sintered foam glass with high fly ash content

Foam glasses with 50 wt.%, 60 wt.% and 70 wt.% fly ash are prepared using fly ash and flux agent sodium borate with sodium silicate as foaming agent at the temperature of 800 °C. Heat treatment at 800 °C for 1 h of pellets having different fly ash mass percentages results in well-sintered bodies of dark gray color featuring a vitreous aspect with smooth surface. The effect of amount of fly ash on the density, porosity, mechanical strength and microstructure is evaluated. The experimental results show that the foam glass with 70 wt.% fly ash exhibits the excellent comprehensive properties and the suitable sintered temperature is 800 °C.     

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Popcorn Ash Particles

Popcorn ash particles are fragments of sintered coal fly ash masses that resemble popcorn in low apparent density. They can travel with the flow in the furnace and settle on key places such as catalyst surfaces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are often used in the design process to prevent the carryover and settling of these particles on catalysts. Particle size, density, and drag coefficient are the most important aerodynamic parameters needed in CFD modeling of particle flow. The objective of this study was to experimentally determine particle size, shape, apparent density, and drag characteristics for popcorn ash particles from a coal-fired power plant. Particle size and shape were characterized by digital photography in three orthogonal directions and by computer image analysis. Particle apparent density was determined by volume and mass measurements. Particle terminal velocities in three directions were measured in water and each particle was also weighed in air and in water. The experimental data were analyzed and models were developed for equivalent sphere and equivalent ellipsoid with apparent density and drag coefficient distributions. The method developed in this study can be used to characterize the aerodynamic properties of popcorn-like particles.