低W-W连接度65W-25Cu-10Ni合金的制备及其准静态力学性能

利用W颗粒表面化学镀Ni结合SPS的方法,制备了低W-W连接度65W-25Cu-10Ni合金,并开展了其准静态力学性能研究。结果表明,制得的Ni包W复合粉中,Ni包覆层分布均匀且与W结合良好;以Ni包W复合粉和Cu粉为原料制备的65W-25Cu-10Ni合金的组织均匀且致密。在准静态压缩加载条件下,与65W-35Cu合金相比,65W-25Cu-10Ni合金的强度及塑性均大幅度提高;在准静态拉伸加载条件下,与65W-35Cu合金相比,65W-25Cu-10Ni合金的强度较高,塑性没有明显提高。机理分析表明,与65W-35Cu合金相比,65W-25Cu-10Ni合金中W-W连接度较低,粘结相由Cu相转变为Cu0.81Ni0.19固溶体,且W与粘结相之间形成了冶金结合,以上3个因素共同导致65W-25Cu-10Ni合金强度的提高;此外,W-W连接度的降低以及W-粘结相界面结合强度的提高是65W-25Cu-10Ni合金在准静态压缩加载条件下塑性提高的原因。     

W与Cu合金瞬时液相连接分析

采用金属粉末67Cu-33Mn,67Cu-33Mn-5Ni（质量百分比）为中间层对W与Cu合金进行了瞬时液相连接,利用SEM、EDX分别对试样进行显微组织及成分分析,并探讨其连接机理。结果表明,中间层67Cu-33Mn-5Ni获得的接头比中间层67Cu-33Mn的显微组织更致密,结合性更好。分析认为,M的加入,提高了中间层溶质的扩散率,加速了液相的等温凝固;Ni还溶解一定量的W,形成Ni（W）固溶体。其连接机理是通过中间层Cu-Mn形成液相,与母材Cu实现瞬时液相连接;与母材W实现钎焊连接。     

Nb含量对Cu-Ni-Nb合金组织与熔点及导热性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼工艺制备了Cu-Ni-Nb合金,研究了Nb含量对Cu-Ni-Nb合金组织、合金熔点及热导率的影响。结果表明,Cu-Ni-Nb合金基体为Cu0.81Ni0.19,第二相为NbNi3;当Ni、Nb质量比为(6~10)∶1时,Cu-Ni-Nb合金第二相形态全部为片状;当Ni、Nb质量比为(2~4)∶1时,Cu-Ni-Nb合金第二相为片状和球状。随着Nb含量的增加,Cu-NiNb合金基体中Ni原子固溶度降低,合金熔点下降,而热导率提高。Cu-20Ni-5Nb合金第二相为细小的片状和球状,均匀分布在基体中,第二相体积分数为19.2%,合金熔点为1 134.92℃,热导率为45.25 W/(m·K),可满足铸Cu冷却水套的制造和使用要求。     

SPS循环热处理对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金组织和性能的影响

基于放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术对烧结态的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高密度钨合金进行真空循环热处理,并通过光学显微镜、SEM、EDS和三点弯曲实验分析循环热处理对合金的显微组织、成分和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着循环次数的不断增加,粘结相渗入W-W界面不断增多,W-W连接度和二面角不断降低,而钨晶粒尺寸变化较小;粘结相则因W含量的增加得到了固溶强化,进而致使合金的硬度有所提高。合金的抗弯强度在循环2次后明显提高,当循环次数增加到20次后,合金的平均抗弯强度达到2321 MPa,相比液相烧结后淬火处理的合金提高了约160 MPa。因此,SPS循环热处理可以明显改善93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高密度钨合金的组织和力学性能。     

95W-5(Ni/Fe/Co)合金的低温显微组织和力学性能

分析了95W-5(Ni/Fe/Co)合金的粉末冶金工艺特点及低温显微组织与力学性能,给出了力学性能与温度的关系曲线.通过对合金拉伸试样断口的扫描电镜分析,揭示了该合金低温力学性能与组织变化的微观本质.结果表明:95W-5(Ni/Fe/Co)合金室温下具有较高的强度及一定的塑性;该合金低温脆化的主要原因是由于屈服强度随温度的降低而增加,钨颗粒过早解理及粘结相变形极小引起的;95W-5(Ni/Fe/Co)合金的冷脆性转变温度在-50℃左右,此时脆性断裂以钨颗粒的自身解理为主.     

热处理对低W-W连接度W-Cu-Zn合金静、动态力学性能的影响

采用钨粉表面化学镀铜与SPS固相烧结2种工艺相结合的方法,制备出具有低W-W连接度特征及以黄铜作为粘结相的W-Cu-Zn合金,研究了热处理工艺对合金组织与性能的影响。微观分析表明所制备出的W-Cu-Zn合金中,钨颗粒均匀分布在黄铜粘结相中,粘结相为α相Cu-Zn固溶体。热处理后钨与黄铜粘结相的两相分布没有发生变化,但力学性能变化显著,经870℃随炉冷却热处理后,W-Cu-Zn合金硬度(HV)由1438 MPa提高至1723 MPa,准静态压缩加载时抗断裂强度由650 MPa提高至750 MPa,临界失效应变由0.18增大至0.26,静态力学性能显著提高。动态压缩加载时抗断裂强度由710 MPa提高到900 MPa,临界失效应变由0.24提高到0.4,动态力学性能显著提高。机理分析表明,热处理前W-Cu-Zn合金的黄铜粘结相中存在Zn元素分布不均的现象,经870℃随炉冷却热处理后黄铜粘结相中Zn元素分布的均匀性大幅度提高,这是合金力学性能提高的原因之一;此外,热处理后黄铜粘结相中形成了大量细小弥散分布的Cu_3Zn析出相,起到弥散强化作用,这是合金的强度显著提高的另一个原因。     

添加Ni对Mg65Cu25Tb10非晶合金的影响

利用常规的金属型喷铸法制备出不同直径的Mg65Cu25-xNixTb10(x=0~10.0)非晶合金.利用X射线衍射、差热分析、准静态压缩试验和扫描电镜,分析了添加Ni元素对Mg-Cu-Tb非晶合金形成能力及力学性能的影响.结果表明,Ni的加入降低了Mg-Cu-Tb-Ni合金的非晶形成能力与热稳定性,但适量的Ni可以显著提高合金的断裂强度,其中Mg65Cu20Ni5Tb10的断裂强度达到了943 MPa,远高于原始的Mg65Cu25Tb10三元非晶合金.     

95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金高温变形及影响因素

通过温度、应变速率对95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金流变应力曲线的影响，分析了该合金的变形特点。结果表明：该合金在200℃～600℃温度范围内变形时，初始加工硬化十分显著。宏观上表现为合金的屈服强度较高。95W-5（Ni／Fe／Co）合金在700℃～1300℃的流变应力曲线有一明显的特点就是曲线的斜率变小，而且出现短暂稳定态的流动。这是由于粘结相发牛动态回复的结果。此外该合金的高温塑性亦随应变速率的增大而增加。扫描电镜分析结果从微观上验证了该合金高温塑性变化的原因。     

90W-7Ni-3Fe合金拉伸力学行为的应变率效应

采用CMT4105拉伸试验机对烧结态90W-7Ni-3Fe(90W)合金进行准静态拉伸试验;在较高应变率条件(1600~2000s-1)下,采用套筒加载直拉式Hopkinson拉杆对90W合金进行动态拉伸试验,研究90W合金在不同加载应变率下的拉伸性能及破坏机制。结果表明,在拉伸加载条件下,90W合金具有明显的应变率效应,随着应变率的增加,强度显著提高,材料断裂时的真实应变下降,断裂前吸收的总能量下降。90W合金的破坏机制由钨-钨界面开裂向钨颗粒解理断裂转变。     

Ni含量对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢力学性能的影响

研究了Ni含量对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢力学性能的影响.结果表明:添加Ni元素可以降低合金中的δ-铁素体含量,Ni含量越高,合金中δ-铁素体越少;Ni含量高的合金中的富铜相颗粒分布密集,细小,而Ni含量低的合金中的富铜相分布稀疏,且相对粗大;在相同回火温度下,较高Ni含量的合金的强度较高,塑性较低.     

Preparation and properties of W–Cu–Zn alloy with low W–W contiguity

The W–Cu–Zn alloy with a-brass matrix and low W–W contiguity was prepared by method of electroless copper plating combined with spark plasma sintering(SPS) method.The effects of process and parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated.The W–Cu–Zn alloy with a relative density of 96 % and a W–W contiguity of about 10 % was prepared by original fine tungsten particles combined with wet mixing method and SPS solid-state sintering method at 800 °C for 10 min.The microstructure analysis shows that Cu–Zn matrix consists of nano-sized a-brass grains,and the main composition is Cu_3Zn electride.The nano-sized Cu was coated on the surface of tungsten particles by electroless copper plating method,and the fairly low consolidation temperature and short solid-state sintering time result in the nano-sized matrix phase.The dynamic compressive strength of the W–Cu–Zn alloy achieves to1000 MPa,but the alloy shows poor ductility due to the formation of the hard and brittle Cu_3Zn electrides.The fine-grain strengthening and the solution strengthening of the Cu–Zn matrix phase are responsible for the high Vickers microhardness of about 300 MPa for W–Cu–Zn alloy.     

80W-Cu合金力学行为的拉压不对称性研究

在不同加载应变率下,对熔渗法制备的80W-Cu合金进行压缩和拉伸力学性能研究,对比分析应力状态对80W-Cu合金力学行为的影响规律。结果表明,80W-Cu合金在准静态和动态加载条件下的力学行为均具有明显的拉压不对称性,在压缩加载条件下80W-Cu合金具有良好的塑性,而在拉伸加载条件下材料的塑性极差。微观分析表明,80W-Cu合金具有高的钨-钨连接度,在拉伸加载时钨-钨界面极易发生开裂,导致材料破坏,因此塑性变形能力极差;而在压缩加载时钨骨架发生坍塌变形,塑性良好的铜在压应力的作用下发生延性流动,填充到钨-钨界面之间,从而使材料具有良好的塑性变形能力     

On structure property correlation in high strength tungsten heavy alloys

Detailed structure-property correlation has been carried out in high strength tungsten heavy alloys. Alloys of compositions 90W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co, 89W-6Ni-2Fe-3Co, 89.5W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co-0.5Mo, 89.75W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co-0.25Mo, 90W-6Ni-1.5Fe-2.5Co and 90W-6Ni-1Fe-3Co have been prepared by liquid phase sintering followed by large deformation during thermo mechanical processing and studied for microstructure and mechanical properties. Despite differences in composition, higher volume fraction of matrix and lower W-W contiguity in the microstructure result in superior tensile strength and impact toughness. Increasing W content in the matrix enhances mechanical properties by imparting solid solution strengthening, increasing the matrix volume fraction and reducing W-W contiguity. The alloy 90W-6Ni-1Fe-3Co shows superior balance of properties with ultimate tensile strength of 1600 MPa and average impact toughness of 121 J/cm².     

化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金工艺研究

通过实验数据及图表论述了化学镀 Ni- Cu- P的工艺条件 ,探讨了镀液的主要组成成分、镀液的 p H值、施镀时间对镀层中 Ni、Cu、P质量百分含量、镀层的沉积速度的影响 ,总结随工艺参数变化镀层成分变化的趋势及规律     

Preparation and Properties of W-15Cu Composite by Electroless Plating and Powder Metallurgy

用化学镀和粉末冶金的方法制备出W-15Cu复合材料。首先用化学方法对W粉表面预处理,然后在其表面化学镀铜。得到的复合粉末用图谱进行表征。发现用化学镀的方法制备出的W-15Cu复合粉末纯度非常高,且W颗粒均匀、被Cu致密的包覆着。呈现出包状结构。这种复合粉末表现出优异的压制性能,压坯分别在300, 400, 500, 600 MPa的压制压力下成形。压坯在1250 ℃温度下保温90 min烧结后,从其断口形貌可以发现W颗粒没有明显的长大,且W颗粒表面特征并没有发生改变,仍然表现出预处理后的表面特征。对烧结体的相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和电导率同样进行了表征     

添加Ni对Cu-25Co合金在600,700℃纯氧气中氧化行为的影响(英文)

研究了三元双相Cu-20Ni-25Co合金在600,700℃、0.1 MPa纯氧气中的氧化行为.结果表明:合金的氧化动力学不规则且偏离抛物线规律,氧化动力学曲线由3段抛物线段组成.前期研究的二元双相Cu-25Co合金经过了较长时间的氧化后合金表面未能形成活泼组元Co的选择性外氧化,而本研究的Cu-20Ni-25Co合金表面氧化膜外层主要是由CuO组成.紧接着是Co的氧化物层.可见,向Cu-25Co合金中加入Ni后,降低了合金表面形成活泼组元Co外氧化膜所需的临界浓度,促使合金表面在较低Co含量下能形成活泼组元Co的外氧化膜.     

Ni元素对非晶合金Mg_(65)Cu_(25)Gd_(10)在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用析氢腐蚀实验比较了非晶合金Mg65Cu25Gd10和Mg65Cu20Ni5Gd10在1%NaCl溶液中腐蚀性能。利用电化学测试技术和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对两非晶合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行了研究。析氢腐蚀实验表明,Ni的加入大大提高了非晶合金Mg65Cu25Gd10抗蚀性能,极化曲线测试结果也表明Mg65Cu20Ni5Gd10非晶合金的腐蚀电流远远小于Mg65Cu25Gd10非晶合金。EIS测试表明,电化学阻抗谱测试结果显示Mg65Cu20Ni5Gd10非晶合金电荷转移电阻高于Mg65Cu25Gd10非晶合金。腐蚀产物形貌观察表明,Ni的加入使非晶合金Mg65Cu20Ni5Gd10腐蚀表面膜更为致密。结合各测试结果,探讨了Ni的加入提高镁基非晶合金耐蚀性机理。     

Pretreatment-free Ni−P plating on magnesium alloy at low temperatures

Electrochemically promoted electroless plating (EPEP) was used for the application of pretreatment-free Ni?P coating on AM60B magnesium alloy at low temperatures and the obtained coating was characterized by SEM, AFM, EDS and XRD techniques. Compact, uniform, and medium-phosphorus Ni?P coating with mixed crystalline?amorphous microstructure was obtained by applying a cathodic current density of 4 mA/cm² at 50 °C. Also, island-like nickel clusters were deposited on the alloy surface under the same plating condition but without applying the cathodic current. In addition, the durability of the magnesium alloy against corrosion was strongly improved after plating via EPEP technique which was revealed by electrochemical examinations in 3.5% NaCl (mass fraction) corrosive electrolyte. The results of the electrochemical examinations were confirmed by microscopic observations. Thickness, microhardness, porosity and adhesive strength of the deposits were also qualified.     

Development of tungsten heavy alloy reinforced by cubic zirconia through liquid-liquid doping and mechanical alloying methods

A new tungsten heavy alloy, which is characterized by fine yttria stabilized cubic zirconia (c-ZrO₂(Y)) particles dispersed in the alloy, was developed by an ion-level liquide-liquid (L-L) doping technique combined with mechanical alloying. The microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloy were investigated, and the formation process and role of zirconia were discussed. Results show the zirconium element transforms in an order of Zr⁴⁺ to Zr(WO₄)₂ or 2Zr(WO₄)₂ nH₂O to m-ZrO₂ in the preparation process of powders. Finally, the c-ZrO₂(Y) particles with size of 200–1000 nm are obtained in tungsten heavy alloy during sintering at 1520 °C for 90 min. Most of c-ZrO₂(Y) particles are distributed within tungsten grains, and some c-ZrO₂(Y) particles tend to be dispersed at the interfaces of tungsten grains, while a small number of c-ZrO₂(Y) particles are dispersed in γ(Fe, Ni, W) matrix. The compressive strength of new alloy is improved approximately 8.2% than that of 93 W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe. This attributes to c-ZrO₂(Y), which refines tungsten grain, lowers W-W contiguity and strengthens tungsten and γ(Fe, Ni, W) grains.