某雷达信号环境模拟器主控软件的设计与实现

主控软件是雷达信号环境模拟器的重要组成部分,主控软件设计编写的优劣直接影响到设备的工作性能。在借鉴其它模拟器主控软件设计经验的基础上,针对某雷达信号环境模拟器主控软件的功能需求,该文提出了一种主控软件的总体设计方法。分别就软件中用户界面、雷达信号描述数据生成、数据及命令网络传输等部分的设计和实现进行了详细介绍,并对各部分在设计编写时要注意的难点问题进行了重点讨论。本软件已成功地在该模拟器上使用,取得了较好效果。     

USB接口的RS485信号模拟器设计

设计了基于USB2．0接口的RS485信号模拟器。它通过终端应用程序软件设置串行通信参数和数据帧发送格式,并在信号模拟器内部形成信号闭环反馈,即将实际发送的数据通过反馈回路回送给终端应用程序软件并显示出来。文中详细介绍了USB接口芯片FT245R的工作原理及应用,并在MFC平台下调用FT245R的动态链接库接口函数进行终端应用程序软件设计。     

基于以太网帧的嵌入式数据传输方案及实现

针对传统嵌入式以太网系统存在的数据传输速率低,通用性、实时性和扩展性差等问题,提出一种基于以太网帧的数据传输系统设计方案。数据传输采用以太网帧格式,基于LibPCAP库网络数据捕获技术实现数据的采集,使用FPGA器件适应系统间接口的差异。介绍了系统设计方案,详细说明了MAC层的FPGA逻辑实现和基于LibPCAP库的以太网帧的数据采集技术,并讨论了系统的优化。通过在声纳模拟器的以太网数据传输系统中应用,表明了该方案的可行性。     

基于SimpliciTI网络协议的无线串口桥技术研究

提出了一种基于SimpliciTI网络协议的真正透明传输的无线串口桥技术,设计采用数据帧自适应接收技术、自动跳频技术解决了无线通信的可靠性差、实时性弱等问题。节点设计以CC1110微处理器＋SimpliciTI协议栈为核心,给出了硬件原理图、软件流程图以及通信帧格式。结果表明,该系统硬件结构简单、数据传输可靠,具有扩展性强、实时性强等特点,可广泛应用于远程控制、数据采集等领域。     

某型直升机半物理仿真视景系统设计

仿真视景系统能将所采集到的数字式自动驾驶仪系统信号全面显示,并且模拟发送自动驾驶仪半物理仿真系统所需信号.视景系统集成了基于硬件采集的数据收发系统,并且通过软件实现数据接收、存储与发送.在地面半物理仿真中进行联调试验,研究探讨了该系统的技术要点,给出了系统硬件、软件设计,并对所存数据进行分析.结果表明该系统具备工程应用要求,真实的反映直升机半物理仿真试验过程.     

可穿戴式生命体征监护设备的研制

专门针对高压氧舱内生命体征多参数监测及健康监护的技术实现问题,提出了一种基于IEEE802.15.4协议的无线传感检测技术系统解决方案,阐述了无线传感检测系统的体系结构以及主控制节点与生命体征参数采集传感器节点的硬件设计方法,给出了软件系统架构、软件设计流程及监护软件工作界面,对MAC层帧结构、物理层帧结构及系统时间同步策略进行了详细分析和设计.该系统样机已进入临床实验阶段,文中还给出了患者的临床检测数据,并与实用的进口监护设备的检测数据进行了对比,验证了临床应用的可行性.     

基于FPGA的大气紊流模拟器设计

为了克服在利用软件模拟大气紊流的过程中所遇到的软件兼容性差和数据传输不方便等缺点,采用FPGA技术,设计了大气紊流模拟器。模拟器以大气紊流Dryden模型为理论基础,将Box-Muller算法与LFSR方法结合,利用Quartus II软件设计了Gauss白噪声生成模块,并利用Dsp builder设计的成形滤波器将Gauss白噪声滤波,从而产生大气紊流信号。通过串口将大气紊流信号实时进行传输。通过使用模拟器进行多次模拟实验,利用Labview和Matlab软件接收模拟器模拟数据并进行分析,发现产生的大气紊流信号符合Dryden模型的相关函数特性,可以模拟各种状态的大气紊流环境,符合设计要求。该模拟器具有使用方便、实时性较高等特点,可以用于单个飞行器飞行环境模拟,具有很高的实用价值。     

一种高可扩展存储网络系统TH-MSNS的研究与实现

网络存储系统对海量信息的存储与处理、数据的可伸缩性访问与可用以及数据的服务质量与存储安全等都具有重要意义．该文基于FCP设计并实现了一种可扩展存储区域网络系统TH—MSNS,该系统可通过双HBA卡增加带宽和可用性,通过双I／O节点机增加可靠性和可用性,通过多I／O节点扩展容量至260TB等．该文介绍了TH—MSNS的体系结构、SCSI目标模拟器、嵌入式操作系统EOS和存储管理的设计技术与实现方法．该系统SCSI目标模拟器采用分层设计并提供规范接口,可扩充不同的SCSI设备以及不同的网络连接协议;设计的核心软件在嵌入式操作系统的核心态通过内核模块实现,提高了效率;存储管理软件采用分布式结构,独立于操作系统,实现了对象管理、设备自动发现、访问控制、日志等管理功能．与同类系统相比,该系统具有效率高、扩展方便、易维护和兼容性好的特点．     

小型水库土坝安全自动监测系统软件

为了解决小型水库土坝安全状态的自动监测问题,研制了以工控机为主机的电脑自动监测系统,为该系统做了软件设计及编制工作。软件的功能包括数据的自动采集及人工输入、数据的处理与储存、数据的显示及查询、打印、重要数据的趋势图以及部分数据的统计。并给出了系统软件运行的一些重要部分的效果。     

网络环境下气象数据自动查询系统设计

针对传统的气象数据查询方法存在查询过程复杂、准确率低等问题,提出一种网络环境下气象数据自动查询系统设计方法;首先设置在网络环境下,设计气象数据查询系统的硬件部分和软件部分,其中,系统的硬件由上位机和下位机组成;软件设计包括气象数据查询系统气压查询软件设计、湿度数据查询系统气压查询软件设计、气象数据查询系统气压查询软件设计和气象数据查询系统风向风速查询软件设计,在此基础之上,最终实现气象数据的自动查询;仿真实验结果证明,所提方法可以方便、快捷、准确地查询气象数据信息。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).