热等静压制备CF/Al复合材料的微观结构及性能

采用热等静压(HIP)工艺制备连续碳纤维(CF)增强Al基复合材料。利用扫描电镜、粒度仪和X射线衍射仪表征2A12铝合金粉末形貌、粒度分布和相组成;利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪观察复合材料的显微组织、断口形貌和界面扩散反应特征,并对其主要力学性能进行测试。结果表明:粉末形貌呈球形,粒度主要分布在150~180μm;复合材料致密,界面连接紧密无孔洞缺陷;与基体铝合金材料相比,复合材料的拉伸强度和断后伸长率分别提高5%和54%,断裂方式为脆性断裂;Al基体裂纹起源于粉末颗粒界面,CF/Al界面断口呈现CF拔出和断裂失效形式;CF/Al界面发生元素扩散,界面反应生成Al4C3金属间化合物。     

C/C复合材料表面双层辉光等离子制备铼涂层研究

用双层辉光等离子渗金属技术,在C/C复合材料基体表面制备了铼涂层,研究了铼涂层显微结构、相组成、硬度以及结合强度。结果表明,铼涂层致密光滑,由多晶结构的柱状晶粒组成,晶粒尺寸在0.5～1.5μm之间。涂层(110)和(103)晶面发生了择优生长。涂层HV显微硬度为6.66±0.25GPa。制备过程中涂层与基体发生互扩散,界面既有机械结合又有物理结合。划痕试验加载过程中,当C/C复合材料基体由于硬度和韧性低而发生破碎后,铼涂层与基体仍结合良好。     

碳化钛/硅原位反应烧结研究

采用3TiC/2Si/0.2Al粉体为原料,通过原位反应烧结技术制备致密的纳米SiC增强Ti3SiC2材料,同时研究不同烧结方式(热压烧结和放电等离子烧结)对反应产物的影响.采用XRD、SEM和EDS对试样的物相组成、微观形貌和微区成分进行分析.结果表明,采用两种烧结技术都可制备致密的SiC增强Ti3SiC2细晶材料;采用热压烧结技术可制备纳米SiC-Ti3SiC2复合材料;采用放电等离子烧结技术得到的复合材料中SiC晶粒略粗,为500 nm.     

高能球磨结合粉末冶金法制备碳纳米管增强7055Al复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

采用高能球磨结合粉末冶金工艺制备了碳纳米管(CNT)含量(体积分数)分别为0、1%和3%的CNT/7055Al复合材料。采用OM、SEM、TEM以及拉伸实验等方法研究了CNT/7055Al复合材料的CNT分布、晶粒结构、近界面结构及力学性能,分析了复合材料的强化机制和各向异性。结果表明,CNT/7055Al复合材料为无CNT的粗晶区与富集CNT的超细晶区组成的双模态晶粒结构;CNT在Al基体的超细晶区中分散良好,CNT-Al界面干净清洁,界面反应产物少;3%CNT/7055Al复合材料沿挤压方向的抗拉强度达到816 MPa,但延伸率仅为0.5%。细晶强化和Orowan强化是CNT/7055Al复合材料主要的强化机制。由于CNT沿不同方向的增强效率不同以及粗晶条带组织的存在,复合材料表现出比基体合金更强烈的各向异性,在垂直挤压方向的拉伸性能要弱于沿挤压方向的拉伸性能。     

颗粒尺寸对金刚石/Al封装基板热物性的影响

利用新型液固分离技术制备40％(体积分数)-金刚石/Al复合材料封装基板,通过SEM、EPMA和XRD观察和分析复合材料的断口形貌及界面结构,分析金刚石颗粒尺寸(90、106、124和210μm)对金刚石/Al复合材料热物性的影响.结果表明,复合材料致密度随金刚石颗粒尺寸增加呈现先增加后急剧降低的规律,在颗粒尺寸为10...     

富勒烯增强铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能(英文)

研究了富勒烯在铝基复合材料中的增强作用。该复合材料采用二次球磨结合热轧制技术制备。最初,富勒烯是由富勒烯分子通过范德华力结合在一起形成大的颗粒(~200μm),首先,通过行星球磨将大的颗粒破碎成更小的颗粒(~1μm);然后,采用高能球磨将富勒烯粉末分散在铝粉中;最后,将富勒烯/铝复合粉体在480 oC热轧成板材。由于富勒烯的晶粒细化和弥散强化作用,2%(体积分数)的富勒烯/铝复合材料板材表现出高的维氏硬度(HV~222)和高的屈服强度(~740 MPa)。     

CeF3对无压熔渗法制备TiC／Ni3Al复合材料的渗入工艺影响

以化学纯镍粉、钛粉、铝粉、石墨粉为原料,采用燃烧合成方法置备了TiC/Ni3Al含孔预制件,用无压熔渗法制备了Ni3Al熔渗TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,研究了CeF3对无压渗透工艺、渗透动力学及TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织、硬度的影响.采用XRD和SEM分析了复合材料的相组成、微观结构.试验结果表明,无压熔渗法是制备致密的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的有效方法,添加适量稀土CeF3,可大大缩短渗透时间;在完成渗透获得致密组织的前提下,添加CeF3对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的硬度无显著影响;渗透后复合材料的组成相为Ni3Al和TiC两相,Ni3Al相和TiC颗粒结合良好;制备的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的维氏硬度随TiC体积分数的增加而增加,w(CeF3)为0.6%,w(TiC)分别为70%和80%时,复合材料的维氏硬度平均值分别为HV561和HV653.     

TiC_p/7075 Al基复合材料二次加热中晶粒长大规律

采用原位反应近液相线铸造法制备4.4%TiCp/7075Al基复合材料,在600℃保温10～60 min,水淬固定其半固态组织,研究半固态二次加热过程中合金的晶粒长大规律,并与采用同样方法制备的7075基体合金进行对比分析。结果表明,4.4%TiCp/7075Al基复合材料的晶粒粗化速率常数为118.96μm3/s,远小于7075基体合金的晶粒粗化速率常数311.7μm3/s,晶粒长大速率明显减慢。分析其原因,由于原位TiC颗粒的生成,使得4.4%TiCp/7075Al基复合材料的晶粒长大激活能增加约50%,从而对二次加热过程中晶粒迅速长大的行为起到了显著的抑制作用。     

多粒径颗粒对石墨烯/铝基复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用球磨和真空热压烧结结合的工艺制备石墨烯增强铝基(Gr/Al)复合材料，研究不同粒径铝粉混合对复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，利用球体最密堆积原理设计的多粒径铝粉混合，M₁(1μm∶10μm按1∶1.5混合)和M₂(10μm与100μm按1∶1.5混合)的致密度均高于单一粒径的试样(S),M₂致密度达到96.2%。M₁试样抗拉强度和伸长率相较于S试样有所降低，M₂试样抗拉强度和伸长率均提高，其中伸长率提升31.8%。多粒径混合可促进分散小粒径铝粉和石墨烯，有效降低孔隙率，在减少原始颗粒界面的同时增加裂纹扩展路径，大尺寸粒径颗粒的加入使得复合材料的塑性大幅提升。     

无压熔渗法制备TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的渗入工艺研究

以化学纯镍粉、钛粉、铝粉、石墨粉为原料,采用燃烧合成方法制备了TiC/Ni3Al含孔预制件,用无压熔渗法制备了Ni3Al熔渗TiC/Ni3Al复合材料,研究了渗透温度和时间对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织、硬度的影响,对无压渗透动力学进行了探讨.采用XRD和SEM分析了复合材料的相组成和微观结构.试验结果表明,无压熔渗法是制备致密的TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的有效方法,适当提高渗透温度,可大大缩短渗透时间.在完成渗透获得致密组织的前提下,渗透温度和渗透时间对TiC/Ni3Al复合材料的硬度无显著影响.渗透后复合材料的组成相为Ni3Al和TiC,颗粒结合良好.制备的Ni3Al/TiC复合材料的维氏硬度随TiC体积分数的增加而提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.