基于改进TOPSIS法的装备维修任务优先级确定方法

针对当前装备维修任务优先级由装备保障指挥员根据自身经验确定而缺乏依据的问题,提出基于马氏距离的改进TOPSIS法确定装备维修任务优先级的方法。通过分析战时装备维修保障的特点,构建装备维修任务评价指标体系,运用AHP确定各评价指标的权重,依据马氏距离能够有效剥离指标之间相关性的特性,运用基于马氏距离的改进TOPSIS法计算各装备维修任务的贴近度,从而确定装备维修任务的优先级。新方法在战时能够为装备保障指挥员确定装备维修任务优先级提供合理依据。     

基于概率语言术语集的云服务选择

为了解决云服务评估决策中QoS(Quality of Service,服务质量)属性的动态性刻画不足以及传统决策方法中用户主观因素过强的缺点,提出了一种基于概率语言术语集（Probabilistic Linguistic Term Set,PLTS）的选择方法。通过相似性权重与可靠性权重结合获取推荐权重,加入决策矩阵中得到综合评估矩阵;通过层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP）获取的属性权重与综合评估矩阵结合得到加权综合评估矩阵;并采用TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,逼近理想解排序法)方法综合评估候选服务的性能。案例分析和对比分析表明,该模型能够有效提高云服务选择的准确率与执行效率,并为云环境下的多属性决策领域提供了新的思路。     

基于GO法的航空电子设备可靠性评估

针对传统电子设备在可靠性评估中存在精度和效率较低问题,提出一种基于GO法的可靠性评估方法。该方法引入状态累积概率,建立考虑共有信号处理的GO模型,给出某航空电子设备监测模块基于GO法的可靠性评估实例。与传统Monte—carlo方法进行比较,结果证明该方法更简单、直观,具有更高的计算精度、仿真效率,且更容易解决复杂多态、时序问题。     

基于熵的逼近于理想解的排序法空袭目标威胁度评估

对空袭目标进行威胁评估是水面舰艇火力组织的基本依据,针对传统逼近理想解的排序法（TOPSIS法）在确定权重系数上的缺陷和不足,运用熵理论处理空袭目标的客观信息,确定目标各个属性权重,将权重运用到TOPSIS法模型中,提出了基于熵的TOPSIS改进算法,并将该算法应用于多目标威胁评估中。实例分析结果符合部队实际,证明了该算法是合理和有效的。     

基于复杂网络理论的电网节点重要度评估

电网中的重要节点对电网的安全有序运行具有重要的影响,如果这些节点发生故障,将导致电网大面积瘫痪。传统评估电网节点重要度的方法往往忽视决策者经验和知识对评估结果的影响。为此,引入前景理论,提出一种改进的逼近理想值排序(TOPSIS)法。引入相对熵解决传统TOPSIS法不能区分正负理想解中垂线节点的问题,利用灰色关联度衡量欧式距离及曲线边缘耦合度,使评估结果更加精确。以IEEE 39节点系统为例进行分析,结果表明,该方法能够有效识别重要节点,且节点辨识度较高。     

面向可靠性一费用优化的网格任务调度模型及算法研究

网格资源的异构性、动态性等特征使得网格任务调度仍面临着诸多问题。针对传统可靠性评佑模型仅考虑 资源失效的问题,在考虑本地任务会抢占网格任务执行资源的情况下,引入任务执行延期失效,从而建立了一种新的 网格资源可靠性评估模型。该模型使用随机服务系统理论建模网格资源的动态负载压力,给出了任务在资源上的执 行可靠性的计算方法及证明。基于建立的网格资源可靠性模型,建立了面向可靠性和费用的多目标任务优化调度模 型,以获得最大化任务执行可靠性、最小化任务执行费用的任务调度策略。针对该NP问题,采用化学反应优化算法 对该优化问题进行求解,并给出了算法4种操作的具体实施方法。仿真实验表明,所提出的可靠性评估模型更符合真 实的网格系统,与遗传算法、粒子群算法相比,化学反应优化算法能更好地解决可靠性一费用双目标优化的网格任务调 度问题。     

一种新型欠采样的支持向量机非平衡数据故障诊断研究

支持向量机对于非平衡数据的分类效果不是十分理想;某些新型装备的故障数据较少且难于采集,正常数据则能够较为容易获得足够数量;这就使得支持向量机的诊断效果受到较大影响,如诊断精度降低,漏报、虚警概率的提高;文章借鉴距离最大熵样本欠采样原理,并引入条件熵的概念,提出了距离条件最大熵欠采样策略,用以改善支持向量机对于非平衡样本的诊断性能,实验表明该方法可行有效。     

基于模糊灰关联分析的软件引入决策模型

在模糊环境下提出软件引入的决策模型.该模型是基于移除分辨系数的灰关联分析,案例是评价台湾地区路面管理系统的最佳化优选问题.应用德菲法搜集的案例数据显示了省道和县、乡道主管部门对软件的认知差异和需求偏好.采用理想解趋近法(TOPSIS)比较该模型的强健性.对比结果显示两种方法均建议引入MicroPAVER5.1软件,而所提出模型的适用性比TOPSIS更为广泛.     

基于TAS法的作战能力评估方法研究

在装备论证中需要评估武器装备的作战能力，而通常要处理的数据是非战果性异构数据，往往难以直接综合。建立以TOPSIS法为核心，结合AHP法及作战仿真法采集的数据的综合评估模型(TAS法)，对武器装备的作战能力进行评估。以装甲装备方案作战仿真为背景，对装甲装备的各项作战能力进行评估，结果反映了所估计的问题，说明该评估方法具有很好的适用性。     

基于改进TOPSIS的航空发动机维修性评估方法

针对民用航空发动机维修性设计方案优选时缺少对定量指标评估的问题,提出一种基于改进TOPSIS的维修性评估方法;该方法首先根据民用航空发动机的设计准则、相关维修标准和持续适航的约束,构建定性的维修性指标体系和定量的维修性指标体系;以层次分析法和熵权法相结合的方式确定各指标的权重系数;通过建立虚拟仿真维护环境计算出各定量指标,在此基础上,运用改进TOPSIS法对航空发动机不同维修性设计方案的维修性进行综合评估;实验验证提出的方法能够得出最佳的维修性设计方案,可为民用航空发动机的维修性评估提供参考。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.