一种宽频压电振动能量采集器的解析模型与试验研究

为提高单频压电振动能量采集器的能量转换效率和工作频带,以带有弹性放大器的宽频压电悬臂梁振动能量采集器为研究对象,提出一种改进的集总参数机电耦合解析模型,通过引入参数修正因子和考虑悬臂梁的振型信息,利用能量守恒原理和曲线拟合方法确定解析模型的等效参数,并根据力学、电学平衡原理建立系统的运动控制方程、频率特性方程和电功率输出表达式;仿真分析能量采集器质量比、刚度比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等对系统振动特性、电输出特性及负载特性的影响;研制宽频压电悬臂梁振动能量采集器原理样机,搭建试验系统,对解析模型进行验证。结果表明:增大弹性放大器与压电悬臂梁的刚度比和质量比以及减小弹性放大器与压电悬臂梁的阻尼比可以提高能量采集器的转换效率和工作频带。     

非线性宽频压电振动能量采集器的研究

为改善双稳态压电振动能量采集器在基础低幅值激励条件下的输出性能,提出了一种带有线性放大器的非线性宽频压电振动能量采集器,通过线性放大器对基础低幅值激励进行一级放大后,激发双稳态压电振动能量采集器进入高能轨道的大幅值周期振动,从而提高能量采集器的输出性能。根据力学和电学平衡方法建立了非线性宽频压电振动能量采集器的两自由度集总参数模型和运动微分方程,并对系统模型进行时域和频域求解,仿真分析了系统质量比、刚度比等参数对系统输出特性(振动位移、速度、相图和输出电压等)的影响。最后,通过与双稳态压电振动能量采集器输出性能的实验结果对比分析,表明非线性宽频压电振动能量采集器在较小的激励幅值作用下具有更高的输出特性和更宽的工作频带。     

宽频压电振动能量采集器的分布参数模型与实验

为解决无线传感网络节点自供电问题,提出了一种带有弹性支撑与放大的宽频压电振动能量采集器。利用Hamilton原理和Raleigh-Ritz方法,并考虑悬臂梁末端质量块的影响,建立了压电能量采集器的分布参数机电耦合模型;数值分析了能量采集器质量比、刚度比和阻尼比等参数对系统振动特性、输出特性的影响;研制了实验原理样机,搭建了实验测试平台,验证了数学模型的正确性。研究结果表明,分布参数模型比集总参数模型具有更高的预测精度。     

三稳态压电能量采集器的动态特性与实验

为了探究三稳态压电振动能量采集器的动力学特性,以磁-机-压电耦合型三稳态压电振动能量采集器(tristable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester,简称TPVEH)为研究对象,利用磁荷法、力平衡和基尔霍夫定律分别建立了采集器末端磁铁与外部磁铁之间的非线性磁力模型和系统集总参数动力学模型。仿真分析了磁铁间距、激励加速度幅值和频率等参数对采集器动力学特性和采集电压的影响。研制了三稳态压电振动能量采集器原理样机,搭建了实验测试平台,实验验证了仿真结果的正确性。研究结果表明,随着激励加速度幅值增大,能量采集器依次经历单稳态、双稳态和三稳态3种运动状态,且三稳态运动时的工作频带和输出性能(位移、速度和采集电压)比双稳态和单稳态时要高。     

多方向宽频带压电式振动能量采集器研究进展

本文介绍了压电振动能量采集器的工作原理,阐述了振动能量采集器中的单/双晶片、Rainbow型、Cymbal型、褶皱型等几种常见和新研发的压电换能元件的结构形式和相应特点。然后,针对如何提高压电振动能量采集器的环境适应能力,介绍了振动能量采集宽频带和多方向两个研究方向,以及国内外在这两个方面的最新研究进展。着重阐述了压电振动能量采集器的拓宽频带宽度、调整共振频率等宽频带能量收集的实现方法,以及非线性磁力耦合结构、立方体-球结构、蒲公英状结构等多方向能量收集的实现方式。最后,对多方向宽频带压电式振动能量采集器的发展趋势进行了展望。     

多方向宽频磁电式振动能量采集器

针对目前振动能量采集器只能拾取环境振动中一个方向的能量,以及响应频带较窄的问题,提出并设计了一种由弹性圆柱悬臂梁、环形磁路和复合磁电换能器组成的多方向宽频带振动能量采集器.圆柱悬臂梁具有在其横截面内沿任意方向振动的特性,同时,借助磁力耦合,使任意方向振动具有非线性的特点,从而采集器实现多方向宽频带振动能量拾取.理论推导了磁力作用下圆柱悬臂梁的非线性动力学方程,以及电压输出模型;借助磁场分析软件Ansoft Maxwell分析了矩形、圆形和环形永磁铁分别组成3种磁路的磁场分布,研究了不同磁路中磁力、磁场强度及其变化量等因素对动力学方程和电压输出的影响,为获得更优性能的采集器提供了设计依据.实验结果表明:在5.88 m/s2的加速度下,具有环形磁路的采集器能够拾取0°～ 180°多方向的振动能量,各个方向响应频带宽度达到4.4～5.6Hz;负载电阻为3 MΩ时,采集器输出0.5 mW的最大功率.     

采用复合磁电换能器的宽带振动能量采集器

采用磁致伸缩/压电层合磁电换能器设计了一种新型的宽带振动能量采集器,采集器由多个悬臂梁、磁电换能器和永磁体组成,将磁电换能器和提供磁场的永磁铁分别与悬臂梁构成具有不同固有频率的弹性结构,从而响应不同频率的机械振动.推导了换能器和永磁体组间磁力作用下能量采集器的动力学方程及其电输出模型;借助磁场分析软件Ansoft's Maxwell研究了影响能量采集器的频率特性及电能输出的因素,为获得最优性能的能量采集器提供设计依据.根据分析设计了振动能量采集装置并进行了实验,实验结果表明:在振动加速度为0.2 g(g=9.8 ms-2)时,当两悬臂梁间频率差为3.6Hz时,振动能量采集器响应频带宽度从单梁结构的0.8 Hz增加到双梁结构的5.0 Hz,负载电阻为1 900Ω时,其上的功率达到最大0.22 mW.     

压电阵列径向分布的二维振动能量采集器

为了有效采集多个方向的振动能量,本文提出了一种圆柱形的压电阵列径向分布的二维(2D)振动能量采集器。通过将柔性弧形压电阵列径向分布在圆柱体上,该采集器可以收集到二维(2D)平面内任意方向的振动能量。同时,引入了角度带宽来描述采集器获取二维振动能量的能力。实验结果表明:这种新型结构采集器的角度带宽接近180°;而且,通过把对称位置的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电元件进行反向串联,采集器的最大输出电压可以达到11.6V;当把对称位置的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电元件反向并联时,最大输出功率达到13.5μW。与传统的悬臂式压电振动能量采集器相比,该二维(2D)采集器具有更好的多方向振动能量采集性能。     

MEMS复合式振动能量采集器

介绍了一种结合了压电式能量采集与静电式能量采集原理的复合式振动能量采集器。其结构通过有限元分析软件的优化设计,得到了期望的低频共振频率。为了预测这个复合式振动能量采集器的性能,建立了解析模型,在此基础上使用MATLAB/SIMULINK进行了数值模拟。模拟结果显示,在某些特定的频率范围内,这种复合式振动能量采集器能够提供比其他两种能量采集器更高的输出功率。对于固有频率为282 Hz的器件结构,仿真发现复合式设计的输出功率可达4.85 μW,两倍于电容式设计的输出功率2.11 μW。     

基于线性放大与非线性磁力复合增强的三稳态压电振动能量俘获机理与动力学特性研究

提出一种基于线性放大与非线性磁力复合增强的三稳态压电振动俘能器，实现在宽频范围内有效地采集低能轨道振动能量。将质量块和弹簧组成的线性放大机构置于三稳态压电俘能器与基座之间，调节线性放大机构与俘能器之间的质量比和刚度比，使三稳态俘能器获得较大的输入动能从低能轨道运动跳转到高能轨道运动，从而获得更高的输出性能和更宽的工作频带。利用能量法建立了描述该复合压电振动俘能器系统动态响应的非线性机电耦合数学模型；采用动态分岔图仿真研究了系统质量比和刚度比对压电俘能器动态输出性能的影响及其能量俘获机理。实验验证了理论结果的正确性。研究结果表明：合理调节系统质量比和刚度比，复合俘能器可以在低能轨道振动时获得更宽的工作频带和更高的发电能力。与传统刚性基座三稳态压电俘能器相比，实验获得复合压电俘能器的阱间运动频率范围由3～14 Hz扩大到2～21.5 Hz，从低能轨道振动跳转到高能轨道振动所需的激励加速度由13.5m/s²降至5.8m/s²。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.