混响室频率搅拌技术研究（英文）

The radio frequency(RF)modes of reverberation chamber(RC) in different frequency ranges are calculated to develop frequency-stirring techniques for RCs.An experimental system is built with a two-port vector network analyzer,of which one port is connected to a transmitting antenna located in a corner of a RC,and the other port is connected to a receiving antenna located in the working area of the RC.The parameter S21 is obtained in eight different locations of the receiving antenna for discussing the number of RF modes and the stirring bandwidth.It is found that the lowest useable frequency of a RC is determined by the RC’s dimension:the larger the dimension is,the lower the lowest useable frequency is.S21 at the lowest useable frequency is about-20 dB,and it is more stable than that at lower frequencies when the frequency increases.Increasing the bandwidth would result in a smoother dependence of S21 on frequency,which shows that frequency stirring is effective.In a RC with frequency stirring,the standard deviations of three individual field components and the total field are within the specified tolerance,i.e.the electric field distribution is uniform.Meanwhile,the electric field’s magnitude is characterized by the Chi-distribution with two degrees of freedom or the Rayleigh distribution,and the square of the magnitude is characterized by the Chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom or the exponential distribution.Therefore,both good uniformity and good behavior of the electric field can be obtained if the RF modes in the RC are sufficient.     

甚高频对大气压Ar/SiH4/H2混合等离子体粒子密度分布影响的数值模拟（英文）

To improve the microcrystalline silicon thin film deposition in quality and to increase its microcrystalline silicon content,we numerically investigated the characteristics of homogeneous discharges in hydrogen diluted silane and argon mixed gases at atmospheric pressure using a two-dimensional fluid model.The model takes into account the primary processes of excitation and ionization,sixteen reactions of radicals with radicals in silane/hydrogen/argon discharges,so this model can adequately describe the discharge plasma.The effects of very high frequency(VHF)excitation on the electron density in such discharges are analyzed.The simulation results show that the electron density does not linearly vary with the excitation frequency within from 90150 MHz.he maximum value occurs at an appropriate excitation frequency i.e.the transition frequency.Increasof the excitation frequency would effectively increase the electron density before the transition frequency,but decreases the density afterwards.is.Moreover,the densities of involved particle species,including H2+,H,Ar*,Ar+,SiH3+,SiH3,SiH3,SiH2are closely interrelated.     

裸露金属电极中的亚微秒脉冲常压辉光放电（英文）

In order to better understand the physical mechanism of sub-microsecond pulsed glow discharge with bare metal electrodes,using a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model,the properties of the discharge at atmospheric pressure are numerically studied.The results show that,a discharge without dielectric layers,i.e.a barrier free discharge,is extinguished only with the decrease of the applied voltage.Only one positive discharge event occurs at the slope of the pulsed voltage.A stable glow of barrier free discharge can be achieved only in short durations of the pulsed voltage.The barrier free discharge always starts with a subnormal glow discharge and then evolves into a normal glow discharge.Moreover,to control the discharge stabilization better,the effects of pulse repetition frequency,pulse duration,rising(front) and falling(slope) times on the discharge characteristics are investigated systematically.It is found that the discharge is comparatively more sensitive to the repetition frequency and the pulse duration,while little affected by the rising and falling times.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components, belonging to such physical “domains” as mechanical, electrical, fluid, and thermal. It is termed a multi-domain (or multi-physics) system. The present paper concerns the use of linear graphs (LGs) to generate a minimal model for a multi-physics system. A state-space model has to be a minimal realization. Specifically, the number of state variables in the model should be the minimum number that can completely represent the dynamic state of the system. This choice is not straightforward. Initially, state variables are assigned to all the energy-storage elements of the system. However, some of the energy storage elements may not be independent, and then some of the chosen state variables will be redundant. An approach is presented in the paper, with illustrative examples in the mixed fluid-mechanical domains, to illustrate a way to recognize dependent energy storage elements and thereby obtain a minimal state-space model. System analysis in the frequency domain is known to be more convenient than in the time domain, mainly because the relevant operations are algebraic rather than differential. For achieving this objective, the state space model has to be converted into a transfer function. The direct way is to first convert the state-space model into the input-output differential equation, and then substitute the time derivative by the Laplace variable. This approach is shown in the paper. The same result can be obtained through the transfer function linear graph (TF LG) of the system. In a multi-physics system, first the physical domains have to be converted into an equivalent single domain (preferably, the output domain of the system), when using the method of TFLG. This procedure is illustrated as well, in the present paper.     

A Real-time EMF Measuring System for Mobile Communication Towers in Sri Lanka

Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka is the governing body which is responsible for the frequency allocation and monitoring the unauthorized Electromagnetic frequency (EMF) signal transmitting violations. However, in Sri Lanka, currently there is not any proper mechanism to monitor the radiation hazard level and its impact to the people living in the vicinity of mobile communication towers. There are approximately 7000 mobile transmitting towers in Sri Lanka to date and the used frequency range lies between 900MHz to 3GHz for mobile communication. Over the last few decades, many of the health hazard conditions were reported due to the radiation of those harmful EMFs. To cater this problem, a portable real time EMF signal strength measuring system with a radiation hazard level indicator was developed to monitor the EMF level and its impact. The proposed system operates with three intermediate frequency bands (i.e.900MHz, 1800 MHz and 2400MHz) and it’s capable of measuring the power density and the radiation hazard level at that particular point which is being measured. Moreover, the corresponding radiation hazard level is indicated with reference to the standard power density levels published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Ra-diation Protection (ICNIRP*). The system works with the overall accuracy of 88% in terms of identifying the power densities and its corresponding radiation hazard levels.     

基于土地电离特性的无边界接地系统有限元模型分析(英文)

The aim of this paper is to calculate accurately the grounding performance of an unbounded grounding system under high-magnitude fault current.In this work,a finite element model is presented to compute the characteristic parameters of the grounding system in frequency domain.The ionization phenomenon in the soil surrounding the grounding electrode is taken into account by setting the resistivity of every soil element while the resistivity of each element is varying with the electric field intensity;not a priori hypothesis on the geometrical shape of the ionized region around the electrodes has to be enforced.Open boundaries of the grounding system are represented by introducing a spatial transformation formulation,which translates the semi-infinite space into the finite space without shortening the domain as in the traditional approach.The suggested modeling is validated by comparison of the calculated results,which are laid out for grounding rod and grounding grid,with experimental and simulation results found in literature.     

Impact of Shaft Stiffness on Inertial Response of Fixed Speed Wind Turbines

Future power system faces several challenges,one of them is the high penetration level of intermittent wind power generation,providing small or even no inertial response and being not contributing to the frequency stability.The effect of shaft stiffness on inertial response of fixed speed wind turbines is presented.Four different drive-train models based on the multi-body system are developed.The small-signal analysis demonstrates no significant differences between models in terms of electro-mechanical eigen-values for increasing shaft stiffness.The natural resonance frequency of drive-train torsion modes shows slightly different values between damped and undamped models,but no significant differences are found in the number-mass models.Time-domain simulations show the changes in the active power contribution of a wind farm based on a fixed speed wind turbine during the system frequency disturbance.The changes in the kinetic energy during the dynamic process are calculated and their contribution to the inertia constant is small and effective.The largest contribution of the kinetic energy is provided at the beginning of the system frequency disturbance to reduce the rate of the frequency change,it is positive for the frequency stability.     

Optimal layout model of feeder automation equipment oriented to the type of fault detection and local action

In feeder automation transformation there are difficulties in equipment and location selection. To help with this, an optimal layout model of feeder automation equipment oriented to the type of fault detection and local action is proposed. It analyzes the coordination relationship of the three most common types of automation equipment, i.e., fault indicator, over-current trip switch and non-voltage trip switch in the fault handling process, and the explicit expressions of power outage time caused by a fault on different layouts of the above three types of equipment are given. Given constraints of power supply reliability and the goal of minimizing the sum of equipment-related capital investment and power interruption cost, a mixed-integer quadratic programming model for optimal layout is established, in which the functional failure probability of equipment is linearized using the 3δ principle in statistics. Finally, the basic characteristics of the proposed model are illustrated by different scenarios on the IEEE RBTS-BUS6 system. It can not only take into account fault location and fault isolation to enhance user power consumption perception, but also can guide precise investment to improve the operational quality and efficiency of a power company.     

等效强场辐射敏感度的双端差模电流注入方法（英文）

To achieve the electric field strength and the induced currents in equivalence in susceptibility tests with the high-level field radiation above 400 MHz,a double differential-mode(DM) current injection method based on directional couplers is proposed.Two cascaded symmetrical directional couplers compose a coupling device to inject the DM currents.When the coupling device is used,two devices are necessary to achieve the equivalence between radiation and injection,i.e.the equivalence between the injected voltages and the field strength,which is linear,regardless of the characteristics of the equipment under test(EUT).The results are verified by experiments using typical coaxial cables and nonlinear devices,where the equivalence between the nonlinear EUT responses induced by radiation and injection at both ends is achieved by using two coupling devices.At a frequency up to 1.75 GHz,the maximal experimental error is only 3.39%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed method even both the EUTs work in the nonlinear region.The proposed method is applicable for radiated susceptibility(RS) testing of interconnected systems in the microwave frequency band.     

Two Types of Compact UHF Antennas for Partial Discharge Measurement

To investigate the partial discharge (PD) online monitoring of transformers by ultra-high-frequency (UHF) approaches,high-qualified UHF antennas are focused on as one key technique. The size of UHF sensor used for PD UHF online monitoring in transformer is excessively large,therefore,it is not convenient for internal installation of transformer. Two types of compact UHF antennas with small sizes,a Hilbert fractal antenna and a small loop antenna are presented. PD experiments of three typically artificial insulation defects are executed and both antennas are used for PD measurement. The spectra of power via frequency of detected PD signals are analyzed and compared. The experimental results show that the Hilbert fractal antenna and small loop antenna are qualified for PD online UHF monitoring.     

大规模储能系统发展现状及示范应用

随着储能技术的飞速发展,大规模储能系统已经成为保证电力系统可靠供电的一个重要手段。介绍了储能技术的类别及其在电力系统中的作用,并阐述了其在电力系统中的应用研究现状和目前的主要示范应用实例,论述了储能技术未来发展趋势。     

1 000 kV皖南-浙北特高压线路工频参数测试干扰及结果分析

特高压线路工频参数测试干扰分析是选择适合工频参数测试方法及测试结果分析的重要基础。测试了1 000 kV皖南-浙北特高压线路正序和零序参数测试期间的干扰电压信号,分析了其频谱特征;在此基础上,通过与正序参数仿真计算值的对比分析了正序参数实际测试偏差。结果表明：皖南-浙北特高压同塔双回线路工频参数测试期间,干扰电压存在“三相不平衡性及时变性”的特点;工频法和异频法2种不同方法得到的线路参数测试结果存在一定差异;干扰电压“时变”时,线路工频参数测试宜采用异频法。     

ICEMI' 2015征文通知（英文）

正Qingdao,China7.16-19,2015The International Conference on Electronic MeasurementInstruments(ICEMI)is the world’s premier conference dedicated to the electronic measurement and test of devices,boards and systems that is covering the complete cycle from design,verification,test,diagnosis,failure analysis and process of manufactory and products     

12th International Conference on Electronic Measurement&Instruments(ICEMI'2015)

正Qingdao,China7.16-19,2015The International Conference on Electronic MeasurementInstruments(ICEMI)is the world's premier conference dedicated to the electronic measurement and test of devices,boards and systems that is covering the complete cycle from design,verification,test,diagnosis,failure analysis and process of manufactory and products     

某300 MW机组循环水泵出力不足的诊断分析

某300 MW机组投产以来循环水流量不足,极大地影响了机组的经济性。通过试验诊断分析得到,循环水系统设计阻力小于实际值,导致按照设计阻力选型的循环水泵出力不足,使得循环水流量偏小,影响了机组运行的真空。根据循环水系统实际阻力特性,对循环水泵进行重新选型整体改造,取得了较好的效果,与改造前相比,供电煤耗降低1.174 ~1.200 g/（kW·h）。据此,提出了循环水泵在设计选型时的注意事项。     

锂离子电池安全性能评价研究

综合考虑锂离子电池的安全性能检测要求和重点项目,以红外热像技术检测多次循环后的电池在过充过程中的温升,利用电池程控测试仪检测电池的电学信息,建立"热电"综合评价体系,并在3 C过充电条件下,将50℃的温度极值和5.0 V的电压极值确定为量化指标,对电池体系的安全性能进行评价。该评价系统具有快速、灵敏和全场性的优点。     

锅炉停用保护剂对水汽氢电导率的影响研究

电站锅炉停用保护剂多采用十八胺和表面活性胺。对这2种停用保护剂进行了应用效果对比研究,即对湿冷机组、空冷机组采用十八胺或表面活性胺、有无凝结水精处理系统等6台机组停机和启动过程中给水、主蒸汽和凝结水的氢电导率变化情况进行分析。研究结果表明：在停机过程和启动过程,2种保护剂均会在水汽系统中发生部分分解,导致水汽系统的氢电导率显著升高;表面活性胺和十八胺比较,使用前者,机组启停机过程可保持凝结水精处理系统正常投运,因而可使水汽质量迅速达标,对机组安全运行有利,因此推荐采用表面活性胺作为锅炉停用保护剂。     

Active beam vibration control using PZT actuators

Abstract

Smart materials of lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics have attracted attention in recent years for active vibration control, acoustic noise suppression, health monitoring and damage assessment. We at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace have been studying these ceramics for use as sensors and actuators in various space and aircraft structures. In this paper, we will report results of a recent study on active vibration control using monomorph PZT actuators. The experiments were performed on thin aluminum cantilever beams. Collocated and non-collocated sensors and actuators were employed. Two control techniques: the classical velocity feedback and adaptive feedback controls, were investigated. We have obtained significant damping and broadband vibration attenuation of greater than 30 dB using the classical control with the single-input single-output feedback approach. A 24 dB reduction has also been achieved using the adaptive control with the multiple-input single-output approach. Detailed experimental methods and results will be described.     

基于熵权的TOPSIS核一级锻件质量评价方法的探究

全面、客观地对核一级锻件质量状况给予综合性评判,建立一套适用于锻件质量评价的方法体系很有必要。根据影响核一级锻件质量的制造工艺和成品质量检验,分析了影响锻件质量的主要工艺参数,建立了锻件质量评价的指标体系。在此基础上,探究了基于熵权的逼近理想解排序（TOPSIS）法的特点,建立了相应的评价模型,并将该模型应用于核电站反应堆堆芯筒体锻件的质量评价,获得了堆芯筒体质量状况的优劣排序。研究结果表明：TOPSIS法可有效、科学、客观地评价核一级锻件质量状况,且便于操作、易于推广使用。