一种基于时频峭度谱的滚动轴承损伤诊断方法

为了准确地提取滚动轴承损伤特征频率,提出一种基于频率切片小波变换的时频峭度谱分析方法。采用频率切片小波变换对振动信号进行时频分解,求取与各个频率分量对应的幅值峭度,由幅值峭度序列构造信号的时频峭度谱。以时频峭度谱的若干个较大谱峰对应的频率作为中心频率,确定相应的共振频带,并在时频空间选择时频切片,然后采用重构分离出这些信号分量,并用包络解调获取重构信号的包络。在此基础上,通过包络信号的等效功率谱确定滚动轴承的损伤特征频率。试验证明,这种方法可以有效地提取滚动轴承的特征频率,由于采用了多个频带保证了足够多的信号能量可用于包络分析,当轴承存在多种损伤时,也可以有效地鉴别不同损伤特征频率。     

基于集合经验模式分解的汽油机爆震特征提取

爆震特征提取是汽油机点火闭环控制的前提和基础。基于集合经验模式分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD),提出一种汽油机爆震特征提取方法。EEMD通过对信号加入有限幅度的高斯白噪声,利用高斯白噪声频率均匀分布的统计特性使信号在不同尺度上保持连续性,有效地抑制经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)的模式混叠问题。研究了利用EEMD和EMD两种方法分别从汽油机缸内压力信号和缸盖振动信号中提取爆震特征的可行性和有效性。试验结果表明,对于缸内压力信号,EEMD和EMD均能提取出爆震特征;对于缸盖振动信号,EEMD可以提取出爆震特征,而EMD则由于模式混叠的影响,无法提取爆震特征。     

基于瞬时故障特征频率曲线提取的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于瞬时故障特征频率曲线提取的阶比分析诊断方法，首先，采用希尔伯特变换获得滚动轴承振动信号的包络信号；然后，采用同步挤压小波变换对包络信号进行时频分析，根据所得时频图确定滚动轴承瞬时故障特征频率曲线的频率范围，经过阈值处理、频率校准、曲线拟合估计瞬时故障特征频率；最后，根据瞬时故障特征频率进行等角度重采样及频谱分析获得阶比谱，根据故障特征系数和阶比谱图判定轴承故障。     

基于内禀模态特征能量法煤油机爆震特征提取

为解决电控二冲程煤油发动机爆震特征提取的问题,根据内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)正交的特点,提出了基于内禀模态函数特征能量法的爆震特征提取方法.该方法对电控二冲程煤油发动机缸内压力信号进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decemposition,EMD),得到若干IMF分量,利用内禀模态函数能量法获取信号能量占主导地位的IMF分量,作为爆震信号的主导模式分析对象,对该IMF分量进行功率谱密度分析,得到了电控二冲程煤油发动机的爆震特征频率.通过仿真计算以及爆震信号分析,结果表明内禀模态函数特征能量法在电控二冲程煤油发动机爆震特征频率提取过程中实用有效.     

小波包和小波脊线相结合的解调方法在液压泵故障诊断中的应用

针对轴向柱塞泵故障振动信号呈现出的非平稳和非线性特点,提出了一种基于小波包能量法与小波脊线法相结合的信号解调方法,将其用于液压泵故障诊断中的信号解调过程。该方法首先对原始振动信号进行功率谱分析,明确故障振动信号反映出的能量集中频带带宽;根据确定的带宽和原始信号分析频率设定小波包分解的层数,采用小波包能量法提取出分解系数对应频带能量最大的特征信息进行信号重构;利用小波脊线法对重构后的频带信号进行解调处理,通过信号的包络解调谱提取故障的特征频率,利用解调后的时频谱对液压泵单柱塞滑靴磨损、斜盘磨损以及中心弹簧故障进行分析。通过实验结果验证,该方法能有效地对液压泵的故障信号进行解调,并能找出反映故障的敏感特征频率。     

基于高阶循环平稳的柴油发动机活塞销振动信号分析

分析了柴油发动机活塞销振动信号的高阶循环平稳性,提出了一种基于高阶循环平稳理论提取柴油发动机活塞销磨损故障特征的新方法。利用循环双谱分析活塞销振动信号,考察了振动信号循环双谱图中频率成分的分布情况。定义循环双谱图中幅值的平均累加值与发动机活塞销磨损间隙变化相对应的区域为特征频率平面,提出一种全局搜索策略以搜索特征频率平面。仿真结果及试验结果表明了循环双谱的有效性。利用所述方法在实际活塞销振动信号的循环双谱图中提取的5个特征频率平面内幅值的平均累加值可以作为活塞销磨损故障诊断的特征值。     

基于LMD谱分析的压气机转静子碰摩故障诊断

为了提取压气机转静子的碰摩故障特征,提出一种基于弹性支承振动应变信号的局部均值分解(LMD)谱分析方法。该方法通过在转子系统弹性支承垂直和水平方向的弹条上粘贴应变片,获取转子系统在工作过程中的振动应变信号,通过对振动应变信号进行LMD分解,并对LMD分解所得信号进行循环频率谱和切片谱分析,从而获得碰摩故障特征。分析结果表明:LMD可以对弹性支承振动应变信号进行有效分解;弹性支承振动应变信号经LMD分解得到第1个PF (Production function)分量的循环频率谱和各PF分量的切片谱均可提取转静子的碰摩故障特征频率。叶轮叶片的分解检查结果验证了该方法对转静子碰摩故障识别与诊断的有效性。     

基于双时域变换和稀疏编码收缩的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征微弱、在噪声和谐波干扰下难以有效提取的问题,提出了联合双时域(DTD)变换和稀疏编码收缩(SCS)的故障诊断方法。首先对原始信号进行双时域变换,将双时域变换谱的对角序列作为重构信号;然后对重构信号进行稀疏编码收缩,减小噪声与低频杂波的干扰;最后对降噪信号做包络谱分析,提取故障特征频率,判定故障类型,实现故障诊断。对仿真信号、实验信号、工程信号的分析结果表明,该方法可有效提取轴承早期故障信号中的微弱故障特征,准确判断故障类型。     

基于倒双谱分析的轴承故障诊断研究

将常规的双谱分析与倒谱技术相结合,提出了基于倒双谱的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先对齿轮箱振动信号进行双谱分析,以消除噪声的影响,再计算双谱的倒谱,对信号进行倒双谱分析,可有效提高信噪比,提取轴承的故障特征。齿轮箱轴承内外圈故障振动试验信号的研究结果表明,倒双谱分析能有效地诊断轴承的故障。     

自适应谱峭度滤波方法及其振动信号检测应用

谱峭度滤波方法是一种在强背景噪声下也能有效提取振动信号中瞬态成分的方法。笔者针对谱峭度滤波方法中窗宽的自适应选择问题,提出一种自适应谱峭度滤波方法。该方法将小波相关滤波提取的振动信号特征频率作为Morlet小波滤波窗口中心频率,并按最大谱峭度原则自适应选择滤波小波窗口宽度,以确定最优带宽Morlet小波窗。通过强背景噪声下的瞬态成分的提取验证该方法的有效性,并与窗口融合自适应谱峭度滤波方法进行比较。针对轴承故障振动信号检测,应用该方法提取反映轴承故障的冲击响应成分,说明该方法能够实现轴承故障振动特征信号的提取。     

发动机爆震与爆震传感器

从理论上概述了发动机爆震现象的产生机理、危害以及抑制措施,分析发动机爆震传感器的结构、工作原理以及常见故障的检测方法,并给出LJ474Q3E2爆震传感器故障维修实例。     

发动机爆震与爆震传感器

从理论上概述了发动机爆震现象的产生机理、危害以及抑制措施。分析发动机爆震传感器的结构、工作原理以及常见故障的检测方法,并给出LJ474Q3E2爆震传感器故障维修实例。     

浅谈汽油机爆震的自动控制系统

概述了汽油机爆震自动控制系统的类型，对其优缺点进行比较，并介绍了一种高抗噪的爆震信号处理电路。     

汽油发动机爆震分析与控制

本文对汽油发动机的爆震现象进行了系统的阐述。介绍了爆震的产生机理、测试方法以及爆震的评价指标，并对发动机控制中具体的诊断实现和爆震控制策略进行了描述。     

汽油机爆震研究

阐述了汽油机爆震燃烧现象的产生和爆震的机理,并分析爆震产生的原因,讨论汽油机不正常燃烧所带来的现象及分析如何通过调节参数来消除汽油机敲缸。     

基于变模式分解的爆震特征识别方法

基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)算法因递归分解模式所造成的固有缺陷,将使用变分原理进行分解的变模式分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)算法引入到爆震识别领域,发现VMD算法对比EMD算法有较高的计算效率与准确性,而且表现出了较好的鲁棒性,更加适合于在混有强烈背景噪声的缸盖振动信号中提取爆震特征。在此基础上,针对VMD算法分解层数需要手动选择的缺点,利用各阶分量的中心频率之差,提出了一种可以自适应选择VMD分解层数的方法。这种方法的思路为利用VMD算法对信号从一个较小的层数开始进行分解,逐个增加分解层数,直至各阶分量中心频率差值满足预先设定的阈值为止,即可得到最佳分解结果。经实验数据验证与对比,结果显示了这种方法的优越性。     

PVDF振动传感器的设计及在点火发动机中的应用

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）是一种新型压电高分子材料，它具有独特的压电效应，已被越来越广泛地应用于振动控制领域。通过余弦形状的PVDF薄片，设计出具有紧凑结构的振动传感器，并设计了实用的电荷放大电路，最后用其来检测发动机的爆震点，从而对发动机点火提前角进行控制，使发动机工作在轻微爆震状态，通过实验表明PVDF振动传感器测量简单、更方便、更准确，经济性和动力性得到了提高。     

GEAR CRACK EARLY DIAGNOSIS USING BISPECTRUM DIAGONAL SLICE

A study of bispectral analysis in gearbox condition monitoring is presented. The theory of bispectrum and quadratic phase coupling (QPC) is first introduced, and then equations for computing bispectrum slices are obtained. To meet the needs of online monitoring, a simplified method of computing bispectrum diagonal slice is adopted. Industrial gearbox vibration signals measured from normal and tooth cracked conditions are analyzed using the above method. Experiments results indicate that bispectrum can effectively suppress the additive Gaussian noise and chracterize the QPC phenomenon. It is also shown that the 1-D bispectrum diagonal slice can capture the non-Gaussian and nonlinear feature of gearbox vibration when crack occurred, hence, this method can be employed to gearbox real time monitoring and early diagnosis.     

Simulation research on the effect of cooled EGR, supercharging and compression ratio on downsized SI engine knock

Knock in spark-ignition(SI) engines severely limits engine performance and thermal efficiency. The researches on knock of downsized SI engine have mainly focused on structural design, performance optimization and advanced combustion modes, however there is little for simulation study on the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) combined with downsizing technologies on SI engine performance. On the basis of mean pressure and oscillating pressure during combustion process, the effect of different levels of cooled EGR ratio, supercharging and compression ratio on engine dynamic and knock characteristic is researched with three- dimensional KIVA-3V program coupled with pressure wave equation. The cylinder pressure, combustion temperature, ignition delay timing, combustion duration, maximum mean pressure, and maximum oscillating pressure at different initial conditions are discussed and analyzed to investigate potential approaches to inhibiting engine knock while improving power output. The calculation results of the effect of just cooled EGR on knock characteristic show that appropriate levels of cooled EGR ratio can effectively suppress cylinder high-frequency pressure oscillations without obvious decrease in mean pressure. Analysis of the synergistic effect of cooled EGR, supercharging and compression ratio on knock characteristic indicates that under the condition of high supercharging and compression ratio, several times more cooled EGR ratio than that under the original condition is necessarily utilized to suppress knock occurrence effectively. The proposed method of synergistic effect of cooled EGR and downsizing technologies on knock characteristic, analyzed from the aspects of mean pressure and oscillating pressure, is an effective way to study downsized SI engine knock and provides knock inhibition approaches in practical engineering.     

Fault Feature Extraction of Diesel Engine Based on Bispectrum Image Fractal Dimension

Fault feature extraction has a positive effect on accurate diagnosis of diesel engine. Currently, studies of fault feature extraction have focused on the time domain or the frequency domain of signals. However, early fault signals are mostly weak energy signals, and time domain or frequency domain features will be overwhelmed by strong back?ground noise. In order consistent features to be extracted that accurately represent the state of the engine, bispectrum estimation is used to analyze the nonlinearity, non?Gaussianity and quadratic phase coupling(QPC) information of the engine vibration signals under different conditions. Digital image processing and fractal theory is used to extract the fractal features of the bispectrum pictures. The outcomes demonstrate that the diesel engine vibration signal bispectrum under different working conditions shows an obvious differences and the most complicated bispectrum is in the normal state. The fractal dimension of various invalid signs is novel and diverse fractal parameters were utilized to separate and characterize them. The value of the fractal dimension is consistent with the non?Gaussian intensity of the signal, so it can be used as an eigenvalue of fault diagnosis, and also be used as a non?Gaussian signal strength indicator. Consequently, a symptomatic approach in view of the hypothetical outcome is inferred and checked by the examination of vibration signals from the diesel motor. The proposed research provides the basis for on?line monitoring and diagnosis of valve train faults.