衰减因子自适应估计卡尔曼滤波比较研究

针对卡尔曼滤波算法发散的问题,从卡尔曼滤波技术的稳定性出发,分析了卡尔曼滤波发散的原因,提出了新的衰减记忆卡尔曼滤波中衰减因子的自适应估计方法。该方法利用滤波残差序列在最优估计时为零均值白噪声的性质,分别检验滤波残差每一个分量得出衰减因子值,并与强跟踪滤波器进行了对比研究。仿真结果表明,新算法在系统噪声特性不准确的情况下,能自适应地估计出衰减因子的大小,抑制卡尔曼滤波估计的发散,滤波精度要高于强跟踪滤波器;且其推导形式简单、计算量小、适合于在线运算。     

动力锂电池SOC估计仿真研究

针对传统的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)估计动力锂电池荷电状态(SOC)时,由于滤波迭代过程中系统噪声不确定,可能导致估计结果精度欠佳的问题,提出一种改进的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(AUKF)动态地估计锂离子电池的SOC.算法以UKF算法为基础,引入改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法,利用观测数据进行滤波递推的同时,实时更新系统噪声的统计特性.以等效电路模型为基础,采用递推最小二乘法辨识模型参数,应用AUKF算法对电池SOC进行估算,并从实际工况进行仿真验证分析.仿真结果表明,上述算法有效的提高了估计精度,误差稳定性较高.     

基于极大似然估计的新息自适应滤波算法

针对噪声统计信息未知或时变情况下常规卡尔曼滤波估计精度下降甚至发散的问题,提出了一种基于极大似然估计的新息自适应滤波算法.算法对基于极大似然估计的常规新息协方差估值器进行限定记忆指数衰减加权修正,增加滑动窗口内新近新息协方差序列的利用权重;根据新息自适应原理,利用新息协方差估计值直接计算滤波增益矩阵,加快滤波器收敛速度的同时提高了滤波算法的估计精度.算法应用于捷联惯性导航系统/全球定位系统(SINS/GPS)组合导航系统,仿真实验表明:在噪声统计信息未知或时变情况下,算法具有更强的鲁棒性以及更高的滤波精度.     

多传感器自适应容积卡尔曼滤波融合算法

当容积卡尔曼滤波的系统模型不准确或测量出现异常时容易出现滤波发散。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种自适应容积卡尔曼滤波算法,构造了一组噪声统计估计器对噪声的统计特征进行在线实时估计,并在测量异常时采用修正函数对滤波过程进行修正,有效提高了滤波估计的精度和对滤波发散的抑制能力;在集中式滤波结构和联邦式滤波结构的基础上,设计了一种基于自适应容积卡尔曼滤波算法的多传感器系统混合式组合滤波结构,并给出了融合各传感器的局部滤波信息以得到全局滤波估计的计算方法。以对车辆的定位导航为应用背景进行了仿真实验,仿真结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

组合导航自适应卡尔曼滤波改进算法研究

针对常规卡尔曼滤波由于噪声的统计特性与实际情况不相符而引起滤波误差增大的问题,提出了一种新的在线估计系统噪声和量测噪声的自适应滤波算法.新算法通过新息序列自适应量测噪声,对Sage-Husa滤波算法进行改进以估计系统噪声,该算法在噪声统计特性未知的情况下能进行滤波计算.最后对改进的新算法与常规卡尔曼滤波算法作了对比试验...     

自适应UKF算法在目标跟踪中的应用

针对目标跟踪中系统噪声统计特性未知导致滤波发散或者滤波精度不高的问题, 提出了一种自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman filter, UKF)算法.该算法在滤波过程中,利用改进的Sage-Husa估 计器在线估计未知系统噪声的统计特性,并对滤波发散的情况进行判断和抑制, 有效提高了滤波的数值稳定性,减小了状态估计误差. 仿真实验结果表明,与标准UKF算法相比,自适应UKF算法明显改善了目标跟踪的精度和稳定性.     

基于深度置信网络的卡尔曼滤波算法改进

卡尔曼滤波是一种应用广泛的基于最小方差的递推式滤波算法,根据一定滤波规则对系统的状态进行估计。采用某种统计量最优方法对噪声和系统模型统计特性的先验知识决定的滤波的性能和估计的准确性进行度量。不精确的先验知识将导致滤波性能的明显下降和发散。采用新息自适应卡尔曼滤波克服标准卡尔曼滤波需要在先验条件下进行估计的缺点,通过深度置信网络对噪声的协方差矩阵做出调整,从而提高滤波性能。     

基于自适应卡尔曼滤波的多传感器信号降噪

针对建筑物混凝土腐蚀检测中传感器单一且常规卡尔曼滤波算法容易出现滤波精度降低的问题,提出了一种多传感器综合检测方法.采用改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,利用最大概似估计准则,将新息方差直接引入卡尔曼滤波器的增益计算,实现估计模型的动态调整,降低了系统噪声和测量噪声的干扰.最后,对自适应卡尔曼滤波和常规卡尔曼滤波算法进行了仿...     

基于自适应扩展kalman滤波的SINS/GPS深组合研究

针对SINS/GPS组合导航系统噪声随时间变化引起卡尔曼滤波精度下降的问题,提出了一种噪声统计特性在线估计的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。算法首先基于新息序列实现了对观测噪声协方差的实时估计,然后基于系统方程采用协方差匹配算法完成了对过程噪声的实时跟踪。算法中尺度因子的引入进一步减小了泰勒展开造成的高阶截断误差,提高了滤波精度。仿真实验结果说明,与传统卡尔曼滤波算法相比,该算法能够实现对过程和观测噪声的完全估计,鲁棒性和精度都有明显提高。     

神经网络修正动态GPS卡尔曼滤波算法研究

GPS导航定位系统噪声具有非先验性,而卡尔曼滤波进行最优估计需建立准确的系统模型和观测模型,这导致标准卡尔曼滤波的精度不高。为提高滤波精度,提出了神经网络修正动态GPS卡尔曼滤波算法,采用两个BP神经网络分别在时间更新预测部分及测量更新部分对标准卡尔曼滤波器进行修正,这样既考虑了现实环境的动态变化对系统模型造成的随机干扰影响,又融合了神经网络的自学习性和自适应性,使其对动态环境的扰动具有了自适应能力。仿真研究表明：该算法优于标准卡尔曼滤波器。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。