纤维素与透明质酸、肝素、丝素、甲壳素湿纺复合生物纤维的制备与性能研究

室温下,将再生纤维素与透明质酸(HA)、肝素(Hep)、丝素(SF)、甲壳素(N-ACS)等的复合纤维的纺丝液溶于NaOH溶液中,通过喷丝头(孔径0.1mm)喷入含有40%~43%硫酸铵的10%硫酸溶液中,得到产率为75%~98%的新型白色、柔韧性较好的复合生物纤维。FT-IR结果显示,复合纤维组分间存在物理吸附和氢键相互作用;少量的HA、Hep、SF和N-ACS等纤维的添加可增加复合纤维的韧能,其中纤维素-SF复合纤维在SF含量为10%时纤度为9.9旦,韧度值为1.08g/旦,伸长率为35.0%,机械性能相对最好。SEM图像中可以看出复合纤维表面呈现条纹、鳞状、填充和均匀包覆的结构,复合纤维间存在一定的相容性;复合纤维直径为19~55μm,密度为0.1~0.36旦/μm。     

气隙长度和纺丝速度对Lyocell纤维性能的影响

本文详细探讨了以NMMO作溶剂时,纤维素溶液纺丝工艺的三个重要工艺参数──气隙长度、纺丝速度和拉伸比对Lyocell纤维性能的影响。本文以大量的实验数据表明:随着气隙长度的增加,纤维的强度和伸长都有所增加;随着纺丝速度的提高,纤维的伸长减少,初始模量增大,而纤维的强度则随纺丝速度的提高而增加到一峰值后,再下降,强度最大时纺丝速度约为50m/min;在泵供量相同的条件下,拉伸比对纤维性能的影响同纺丝速度对纤维性能影响的趋势相同。     

甲壳素及其衍生物纤维的研究进展

回顾了用不同溶剂溶解甲壳素并纺制纤维的尝试,以及壳聚糖乙酸水溶液的纺丝工艺和通过后处理提高壳聚糖纤维强度的方法;对甲壳素和壳聚糖的化学改性和衍生物纤维的制备作了综述。     

胶原蛋白粘胶长丝的研制试验

介绍了胶原蛋白的主要性质、胶原蛋白粘胶长丝纺制条件,对胶原蛋白粘胶长丝的纺丝成形、纤维截面形态及力学性能进行了分析。研制试验表明,胶原蛋白与纤维素粘胶溶液共混纺丝,工艺技术可行,所纺胶原蛋白粘胶长丝物理机械性能良好。     

等规聚丙烯/细菌纤维素复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯作为增容剂添加到等规聚丙烯/细菌纤维素复合材料中后材料的性能。结果表明:加入细菌纤维素后,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、冲击强度明显提高;添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯后,前述力学性能的提高更为显著,但两种复合材料的断裂伸长率都有所降低;随着相容性的提高,复合材料的最大失重温度提高。扫描电镜和粒度分布分析结果表明,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯能显著改善细菌纤维素与等规聚丙烯之间的界面相容性和分散性。     

Lyocell纤维原丝的性能对碳纤维强度的关联分析

运用灰色系统方法对新型纤维素原丝Lyocell纤维的性能与碳纤维强度之间的关系进行了关联分析，结果表明：Lyocell纤维的强度、纤度和断裂强力对碳纤维的强度有很大的影响，而对伸长和模量的影响较小。     

Lyocell纤维原丝的性能对碳纤维强度的关联分析

运用灰色系统方法对新型纤维素原丝Lyocell纤维的性能与碳纤维强度之间的关系进行了关联分析，结果表明：Lyocell纤维的强度、纤度和断裂强力对碳纤维的强度有很大的影响，而对伸长和模量的影响较小。     

羧甲基纤维素钠/海藻酸钠共混纤维的制备与性能测试

以H2O为溶剂、CaCl2为凝固剂,采用湿法纺丝技术制得羧甲基纤维素钠(NaCMC)/海藻酸钠(NaAIg)共混纤维。通过对纺丝液的流动性以及纤维的纤度、断裂强度、断裂伸长率和吸湿性能的测试,研究了不同NaCMC添加量对共混纤维的性能的影响。结果表明:当NaCMC的相对百分含量为15%时,可得到各种性能优良的共混纤维;用生物显微镜观察到纤维表面有沟槽,横截面为圆形,边缘为锯齿状。     

高膨胀止血壳聚糖纤维的制备与性能研究

在普通湿法纺丝制备壳聚糖纤维的工艺中添加酸处理工序,制得高膨胀止血壳聚糖纤维,在不改变脱乙酰度、断裂伸长和断裂强度的情况下,大大提高了吸液量,为自身重量的24.1倍,同时吸收渗液后纤维能迅速膨胀,形成能锁住水分的凝胶。     

天然高分子静电纺纳米纤维的研究进展

介绍了静电纺丝的原理及利用静电纺丝方法制备天然高分子纳米纤维的最新研究进展,主要介绍了海藻酸钠、天然纤维素、透明质酸、明胶、胶原蛋白、甲壳素及其衍生物等几种主要的天然高分子静电纺纤维的研究进展,并指出它们在生物医学领域的重要应用。     

凝固条件对纤维素/丝素蛋白纤维相形态及性能的影响

蛋白质纤维具有光滑柔顺、透气吸湿等优点,然而天然蛋白纤维产量有限。再生蛋白纤维的制备通常采用与其它成纤高分子接枝或共混的方法,有利于提高再生蛋白纤维的断裂强度。选用同为天然高分子的纤维素为基体,以共溶剂溶解纤维素与蛋白质,进而纺丝成形制得力学性能满足要求的纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维。为了探究凝固剂组成对纤维素/丝素蛋白共混纤维相形态及性能的影响,选用水、乙醇、乙醇/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)等作为凝固剂。研究发现:乙醇作为凝固剂时,纤维素与丝素蛋白能很好地同时凝固;而当在乙醇凝固浴中加入适量的[BMIM]Cl径向均匀分散。通过对凝固剂组成的调控能有效提升纤维的力学强度。     

Silk fibroin/cellulose blend films: Preparation,structure, and physical properties

This article deals with the preparation and characterization of silk fibroin (Bombyx mori)/cellulose blend films. Following dissolution with a metal complex solution, the average molecular weight of silk fibroin slightly decreased. While cellulose was almost unaffected. After coagulation and washing, transparent films were obtained by blending fibroin and cellulose in all proportions. The crystalline structures of regenerated fibroin and cellulose were β-form and cellulose II, respectively, as shown by the characteristic x-ray diffraction profiles. Density values increased with cellulose content, though less than expected from a pure additive behavior. Moisture regain increased following the addition of a small amount of cellulose to silk fibroin. The mechanical properties showed that both strength and elongation at break of silk fibroin films were improved by blending with cellulose. IR spectra exhibited changes in the skeletal frequences of silk fibroin, suggesting the occurrence of intermolecular interactions between fibroin and cellulose through hydrogen bond formation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Structural changes and their effect on mechanical properties of silk fibroin/chitosan blends

Silk fibroin/chitosan blend films were prepared by the solvent casting method. Miscibility between silk fibroin and chitosan was examined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Structural changes of silk fibroin by the addition of chitosan were investigated by IR spectroscopy. The conformational transition of silk fibroin from random coil form to β‐sheet structure induced by blending with chitosan resulted in the increase of crystallinity and density of the blend films. The blend film containing 30 wt % chitosan exhibited a maximum increase in crystallinity and density. It was found that the tensile strength and initial tensile modulus of blend films were greatly enhanced with increasing the chitosan content and showed a maximum value at the composition of 30 wt % chitosan. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2571–2575, 1999     

丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜的结构性能探讨

将含有甘油和戊二醛的丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖按一定比例混合,制得丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜,对共混膜的结构与性能进行了探讨。结果表明:随着羧甲基壳聚糖含量的增加,共混膜的透气率增大,加入交联剂戊二醛有效地改善了共混膜的力学性能,但其透气率有所降低;当丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为4/1时,共混膜的断裂强度最大,力学性能较好,共混膜相容性较好,其断面光滑、致密。制备丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜的较佳条件为:丝素中的甘油质量分数为15%,戊二醛质量分数为0.075%,丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖质量比为4/1。     

Development of a novel glucosamine/silk fibroin–chitosan blend porous scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications

Silk fibroin–chitosan blend is reported to be an attractive scaffold material for tissue engineering applications. In our earlier study, we developed a scaffold having an optimal silk fibroin–chitosan blend ratio of 80:20 and proved its potentiality for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Glucosamine is one of the major structural components of cartilage tissue. The present work investigates the effect of glucosamine components on the physicochemical and biocompatibility properties of this scaffold. To this end, varied amounts of glucosamine were added to silk fibroin–chitosan blend with the aim of improving various scaffold properties. The addition of glucosamine components did not show any significant change in physicochemical properties of silk fibroin–chitosan blend scaffolds. The composite scaffold showed an open pore structure with desired pore size and porosity. However, cell culture study using human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood revealed an overall increase in cell supportive properties of glucosamine-added scaffolds. Cell viability, cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan assays confirmed enhanced cell viability and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, this study demonstrated the beneficial effect of glucosamine on improving the cell supportive property of silk fibroin–chitosan blend scaffolds making it more potential for cartilage tissue regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the study of glucosamine-added silk fibroin–chitosan blend porous scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood.     

The preparation and properties of cellulose/chitin blend filaments

The focus of this article is the preparation and characterization of cellulose/chitin blend filaments obtained from cellulose/chitin xanthate blend solution over the experimental blend ratio, i.e., 2.89% and 6.46% (w/w) chitin content. The addition of chitin xanthate into cellulose xanthate leads to an increase of intermittence rate and the blend solution has good filtering property. Scanning electronic microscope photos shows that there exist grooves on the filaments surface, which are becoming coarse with increasing chitin content. The mechanical properties of the spun blend filaments is much higher than that of Crabyon® fiber, which proves that the viscose method we adopt here is an efficient way to prepare cellulose/chitin blend filaments with satisfactory mechanical properties and processing property. Based on the data from X‐ray, sonic velocity, equilibrium regain rate, and accessibility, it is concluded that the degree of crystallinity, modulus, degree of orientation, density, equilibrium regain rate, and accessibility of blend filaments decreases with increasing chitin content in the blend filaments in the experiment scope. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effects of superfine silk protein powders on mechanical properties of wet‐spun polyurethane fibers

Mechanical measurements were employed to investigate the effects of three types of superfine silk protein powder on tensile strength, elongation, and elasticity of wet‐spun Pellethane^® 2363‐80AE polyurethane (PU) fiber. These superfine silk protein powders included undegummed silk (with both native silk fibroin and sericin, water insoluble), native silk fibroin (with native silk fibroin only, water insoluble), and regenerated silk fibroin (with regenerated silk fibroin only, water soluble) in powder form. Experimental data derived from the mechanical measurements illustrated that the miscibility between the PU and regenerated silk fibroin were superior to that between PU and the other two silk proteins. This may be attributed to the similar chemical structure and microphase separation of PU and regenerated silk fibroin with lower molecular weight than native silk fibroin. This preliminary work may provide some information for biomimetic processing of silk‐inspired PU biofibers, which combine elasticity of synthetic PU with biofunction of natural silk fibroin for special biomedical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

聚乳酸/丝素共混膜的制备及其性能

用分子量为10万的聚乳酸（PLLA）对丝素膜进行改性,研究不同的聚乳酸加入量对丝素膜性能的影响,对聚乳酸/丝素共混膜进行了一系列表征。万能电子试验机的测试结果表明,经聚乳酸改性后,丝素膜的断裂强度,断裂伸长率有了较大的改善,当加入聚乳酸占丝素质量为5%时,丝素膜的强度可达到27.1 MPa,伸长率达4.4%; 改性后的丝素膜的亲水性有一定程度降低,溶失率则明显减小,透汽透湿性也有所提高;红外光谱测试表明,改性后的丝素膜含有较多的β构象成分。     

Physical properties of silk fibroin/chitosan blend films

Silk fibroin/chitosan blend films were examined through IR spectroscopy to determine the conformational changes of silk fibroin. The effects of the fibroin/chitosan blend ratios (chitosan content) on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated to discover the feasibility of using these films as biomedical materials such as artificial skin and wound dressing. The mechanical properties of the blend films containing 10–40% chitosan were found to be excellent. The tensile strength, breaking elongation, and Young's modulus were affected by the chitosan contents of the blend films, which were also related to the density and degree of swelling. The coefficient of water vapor permeability of the blend films increased linearly with the chitosan content, and the values of 1000–2000 g m^?2 day^?1 were comparable to those of commercial wound dressings. Silk fibroin/chitosan blend films had good oxygen and water vapor permeabilities, making them useful as biomaterials. In particular, the blend film containing 40–50% chitosan showed very high oxygen permeability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 928–934, 2001