基于正交试验的PCD刀具加工铝合金时切削性能的研究

通过PCD刀具切削铝合金的正交试验,分析刃磨刀具用砂轮的结合剂和切削用量对切削力与工件表面质量的影响。结果表明：进给量与砂轮结合剂对切削力和工件表面粗糙度影响较大,而切削速度与切削深度的影响相对较小,优方案为陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮刃磨的PCD刀具在切削用量v=88．45m／min,切削深度αp=0．1mm,进给量f=0．032mm／r时,工件表面粗糙度最小,同时切削力也较小。     

金刚石工具加工SiO2f/SiO2复合材料的可行性研究

针对石英纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(SiO_2f/SiO₂)制造的薄壁壳体零件加工过程中存在加工效率低、切削力较大易导致零件破裂和加工表面粗糙度不易达到要求等问题,为寻求零件可行的加工刀具和工艺参数,在阐述微刃切削原理基础上,用其研制的整体多刃PCD刀具和电镀金刚石磨头,开展金刚石工具加工SiO_2f/SiO₂复合材料的可行性研究。结果表明：采用基于微刃切削原理设计的整体多刃PCD刀具加工SiO_2f/SiO₂,因刀具锋利和多刃特点可以实现较大的切深并获得较大的切削效率,但是切削力相对较大;相比于整体多刃PCD刀具,电镀金刚石磨头加工SiO_2f/SiO₂时切削力较小,加工后工件表面质量较好,且其表面粗糙度较低;     

切削SiCp/6005Al复合材料的PCD刀具磨损

为研究SiCp/6005Al切削时的刀具磨损机制及刀具磨损对切削力、切削温度、工件表面质量的影响，进行不同转速V和不同进给速度f下的切削试验，观察每组试验刀具切削后的磨损形貌，并通过监测动态切削力和切削温度来探究刀具的磨损机制。结果表明：工件转速提高使切削温度明显升高，但对切削力的影响很小；进给速度提高使切削力明显升高，而切削温度的变化范围较小。改变进给速度带来的力载荷变化是影响前刀面磨损的主要因素，改变工件转速带来的切削温度变化是影响后刀面磨损的主要因素。此外，刀具磨损是磨粒磨损、黏结磨损的综合作用结果，且刀具磨损会对切削力、切削温度和加工表面质量产生不利影响。     

基于DEFORM的刀具几何参数与切削力关系的研究

切削力是切削过程中重要的参数之一,它对工件的加工精度、加工所消耗的功率及刀具的磨损程度等方面都有着重要的影响。影响切削力的因素是多方面的,如工件材料的性能、刀具的几何参数、切削用量的影响、切削液的使用情况等等[1]。文章以镍基合金为切削载体、以DEFORM为仿真平台,建立切削仿真模型,研究了刀具角度对切削力的影响,仿真结果与实际切削过程一致,验证了仿真的有效性,从而为研究者提供了一种实验成本低、实验时间短的方法来确定切削刀具工作角度。     

BP神经网络在立铣刀结构参数优化中的应用

钛合金薄壁件的铣削加工过程中,刀具磨损速度快,并且工件容易变形,其主要因素是加工过程中切削力大,切削温度高。文章利用有限元仿真软件Advant Edge FEM铣削仿真数据,建立整体式立铣刀结构参数与切削力和切削温度的BP神经网络预测模型,并对切削预测模型进行了切削实验验证。在此基础上,利用BP神经网络模型的预测结果对整体式立铣刀的结构参数进行了优化,切削实验证明,优化后的刀具参数可以有效地降低切削力和切削温度,从而有效地改善过程中刀具的切削性能和工件的加工质量。     

基于切削技术的金刚石刀具磨损特征分析

金刚石刀具的磨损情况决定其使用寿命。用金刚石PCD刀具切削6061-T6镁铝合金工件,通过不同切削速度、切削深度、振动频率、刀具后角时的切削力及切削温度变化,研究不同刀具前后角、进给量、切削转速时的工件表面粗糙度及刀具磨损面积。结果表明:金刚石刀具的切削力和切削温度随切削速度、切削深度的增加而增大,随振动频率的增加而减小;刀具后角增大,金刚石刀具的切削力呈先下降而后缓缓上升趋势,但对切削温度的影响很小。当刀具前角为10°,刀具后角为8°,切削速度为0.46?m/s,切削深度为28?μm,进给量为0.10?mm/r,切削转速为4100?r/min,振动频率为22?kHz,切削振幅为9?μm时,金刚石刀具的磨损面积最小,磨损程度最低,使用寿命最长,但工件的表面粗糙度稍高。      

条形槽微织构对PCBN刀具切削性能的影响

微织构作为刀具结构设计的新方法，对刀具的性能产生一定的影响。在刀具前刀面设计制备条槽型微织构，结合有限元仿真技术，从理论上分析条形槽微织构对切削力和已加工表面质量的影响，再设计切削试验，对有限元仿真结果进行实际验证。结果表明:有限元仿真和切削试验结果基本一致；与无织构刀具相比，条形槽微织构能够减小切削力且对主切削力的影响最显著，对进给力的影响较弱；条形槽微织构使工件表面应力、塑性应变和粗糙度均小于无织构刀具的，提高了工件已加工表面质量，其表面粗糙度仅为1.54 μm。      

减振刀具的结构设计及切削性能研究

长悬伸的刀具在切削过程中的振动对切削力、刀具寿命及工件的表面质量有直接的影响。本文设计了一种在刀杆上下表面贴附有锰铜合金片的减振刀杆,为验证锰铜合金应用于刀具结构中的减振效果,分别用普通刀杆和减振刀杆进行1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的车削实验,分析普通刀杆和减振刀杆车削过程中的工件的表面粗糙度、切削力以及刀具磨损。结果表明,在实验参数条件下,减振刀杆在车削过程中工件的表面粗糙度值比普通刀杆小20%左右,在完成同等材料去除量后,减振刀杆刀片的后刀面磨损值约为普通刀杆的70%,在参数v=220 m/min, a_p=2 mm,f=0.25 mm/r及v=220 m/min,a_p=3 mm,f=0.3 mm/r下,减振刀杆的切削力峰值比普通刀杆小30%以上。刀杆上贴附锰铜合金的这种结构可有效减小切削振动,这为长悬伸加工的减振刀具提供了新的思路。     

Ti6Al4V钛合金切削性能模拟及响应面分析

为保证PCD刀具的使用寿命和加工精度,提高对Ti6Al4V钛合金的加工效率,对PCD刀具精车加工Ti6Al4V钛合金进行模拟仿真分析,并通过响应面分析法计算建立切削力和刀尖温度随刀具参数（前角γo、后角 αo、钝圆半径rε）变化的二次响应面数学模型。根据响应面模型方差分析和显著性检验证明响应面预测模型的有效性,分析PCD刀具精车加工Ti6Al4V钛合金时刀具参数对切削力和刀尖温度的影响从而获得最优刀具参数。结果表明：钝圆半径对切削力的影响最大,后角对刀尖温度的影响最大,适当增大前角、减小后角及钝圆半径能够有效降低切削力、刀尖温度;最终得出最优刀具参数组合为前角γo=12°、后角αo=7°和钝圆半径rε=0.04 mm。     

PCD刀具断屑槽参数仿生群算法优化北大核心

为提高PCD刀具使用寿命和Ti6Al4V钛合金工件表面质量,改善断屑效果,建立直线圆弧形断屑槽PCD刀具车削仿真模型,通过响应面法研究断屑槽参数(前角α、棱带长度L、曲率半径R)对切削力、刀尖温度和工件表面残余应力的影响,建立切削性能随断屑槽参数变化的二次多项式回归模型,应用方差分析和显著性检验验证模型的准确性。根据线性加权法,构建以切削力、刀尖温度和残余应力为目标的多目标优化模型,通过仿生群算法进行断屑槽参数优化。实验结果表明,PCD刀具断屑槽最优参数为前角α=30°、棱带长度L=0.1 mm、曲率半径R=0.42 mm。优化断屑槽参数后的PCD刀具能够有效降低切削力、刀尖温度和工件表面残余应力,改善断屑性能,形成规则的螺卷屑或长紧卷屑。     

PCD刀具加工强化复合地板中磨损行为的断裂力学研究

本文首先利用断裂力学的理论，分析了聚晶金刚石刀具切削过程中的沿晶和解理两种磨损特征及其形成过程。通过采用SYNDITE聚晶金刚石刀具对Al2O3颗粒表层强化复合地板的切削加工实验，验证了理论分析的正确性。研究表明聚晶金刚石刀具铣削Al2O3表层强化复合地板的过程中，刀具的磨损特征主要由沿晶磨损和解理磨损组成。并且，理论和实验结果表明刀具的磨损特征受到金刚石晶粒尺寸的影响。粗粒度聚晶金刚石易产生解理磨损形貌，细粒度的聚晶金刚石易产生沿晶磨损形貌。同时，研究表明微观裂纹特征对聚晶金刚石刀具的磨损起着重要的作用。     

石英纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料制孔工艺研究

本试验针对目前硬质合金刀具加工石英纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料时存在的刀具磨损严重、加工质量差、效率低下等问题,对比了硬质合金刀具钻孔、PCD刀具钻孔和电镀金刚石套料钻螺旋铣磨制孔的效果,分析了切削力对制孔质量的影响。研究结果表明:纬纱纤维对X向和Y向切削力的影响明显大于经纱纤维,垂直于纬纱纤维方向的切削力较小,平行于纬纱纤维方向的切削力较大;PCD刀具钻孔质量相对较好,刀具磨损不明显,适用于石英纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的制孔加工。      

Study on wear mechanisms and grain effects of PCD tool in machining laminated flooring

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools have gained increasing application in woodworking industry for the phenomenal tool life and cutting finish compared with carbide tools. In the paper, machining experiments with PCD tools were conducted to mill laminated flooring with Al₂O₃ overlay. Four kinds of PCD products with different original diamond grain sizes were used to fabricate the cutters. Wear volume was measured by optical microscopy and wear morphology was examined by SEM and optical microscopy.The experimental results show that the wear mechanisms of PCD tools, in the machining process, involve inter-granular wear and partial cleavage fracture. The microcracks in PCD tools are a key reason for the wear of tools. By comparing the flank wear, the experiments reveal that PCD tools with middle original diamond grain size have long tool life. The influences of original diamond grain size on cutting edge and wear properties have also been discussed in detail.     

PCD和HTi10刀具铣削CFRP试验研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)难加工的特性,文中采用PCD和HTi10刀具进行了CFRP铣削试验,对加工过程中的铣削力、刀具磨损和表面粗糙度进行了分析。结果表明:PCD和HTi10刀具的铣削力和表面粗糙度变化规律一致,均随转速的增大而减小,随进给速度的增大而增大,但PCD刀具的铣削力更小,加工质量更好;与HTi10相比,PCD刀具的铣削力对刀具磨损更加敏感,更适合应用在加工环境较好的条件下。在CFRP加工过程中,粗加工时优选HTi10刀具,精加工时优选PCD刀具,宜选用高转速、低进给的切削参数。     

Hybrid cutting of granite by use of ultrasonic assistance

Hybrid technologies offer an important approach to enhance existing limits of conventional cutting manufacturing processes. Superposition of the infeed with adapted ultrasonic vibrations enables reductions of machining forces. This results in diminished tool wear and longer tool life. Furthermore, an increase of removal rates can be achieved. Successful machining of recalcitrant metal-based materials by ultrasonic assisted systems creates a high potential to gain similar effects in machining of mineral-based materials. This will be studied in this article. The state of the art for the machining of stone uses geometrically undefined cutting edges. This paper focuses on the geometrically defined cutting of granite with additional ultrasonic assistance. Cutting tests at a test station with linear cutting motion are being performed. The ultrasonic frequency is maintained at 20 kHz. Different oscillation amplitudes are applied to influence process forces and the wear of the used carbide metal and polycrystalline diamond cutting segments (PCD). A method to observe the wear is developed by use of a stereomicroscope and a 3D measurement system. This will enable conclusions about the applicability of the geometry of the cutting segments and the process parameters. Due to the significant different wear rates of both cutting materials, the cutting force progression by using PCD tools shows completely different characteristics compared to the machining with carbide metal tools.     

Experimental study on ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of hardened steel using PCD tools

Diamond tools cannot usually be applied for machining hardened steels while applying conventional cutting technique. As an alternative, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) technique was successfully applied for obtaining mirror surface on such steels using single crystal diamond (SCD) tools. In order to reduce production cost without compromising mirror surface quality, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools may be tested against highly expensive SCD tools. However, study on machining of hardened steel using PCD tools applying the UEVC technique has not yet been reported. The current research presents an experimental study on UEVC of hardened stainless steel (a typical Stavax, hardness 49 HRC) using the PCD tools. Face turning experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three machining parameters: nominal depth of cut, feed rate, and nominal cutting speed on output performances such as cutting force, tool flank wear, surface roughness, and chip formation. Experimental results show that nominal cutting speed has very strong influence on the output performances, compared to the other two parameters. The surface roughness improves with a decrease in cutting speed. A mirror-like surface of approximately 804 mm² with a roughness value R_a of 11 nm was achieved at a lower cutting speed. Theoretical explanations have been given to support the results drawn from the UEVC experiments. It can be concluded that, while applying the UEVC technique, the inexpensive PCD tools instead of the SCD tools can be effectively applied to obtain optical surface for producing precise molds from the hardened steel.     

小直径磨棒磨削加工TiC颗粒增强钢基复合材料GT35

为探究TiC颗粒增强钢基复合材料GT35合理的加工参数和冷却润滑条件,研究其对切削力、表面质量及刀具磨损的影响规律,采用小直径磨棒以侧面磨削方式开展试验。结果表明：干磨削会引起磨棒烧伤,极压磨削油的润滑效果优于水基合成磨削液的;磨棒在极压磨削油润滑下,磨削工件12 min后进入稳定磨损状态,其主要磨损形式为磨粒破碎、磨粒磨耗和磨粒脱落;主轴转速对切削力的影响大于进给速度的,且转速越高,切削力越小;工件表面粗糙度主要与磨棒磨粒出露高度的平整度有关,受加工参数的影响较小。用小直径磨棒磨削加工GT35材料时,应选择极压磨削油润滑,高主轴转速、中速进给的加工方式,以获得良好的刀具寿命、工件加工表面质量及适当的加工效率。     

PCD刀具加工有色金属的研究

本文主要研究PCD刀具加工有色金属时刃口及后刀面的刃磨质量对切削表面质量的影响。首先对PCD刀具切削有色金属模型进行了分析研究,然后分别采用金属结合剂金刚石砂轮、树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮和陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮刃磨出三把不同质量的PCD刀具进行了切削对比试验,并用扫描电镜对切削表面微观形貌进行了观察分析,发现加工有色金属时,PCD刀具后刀面与刃口刃磨质量对切削表面质量有着同等重要的影响作用。     

Tool wear measurement in turning using force ratio

The aim of this work was to develop a reliable method to predict flank wear during the turning process. The present work developed a mathematical model for on-line monitoring of tool wear in a turning process. Force signals are highly sensitive carriers of information about the machining process and, hence, they are the best alternatives for monitoring tool wear. In the present work, determination of tool wear has been achieved by using force signals. The relationship between flank wear and the ratio of force components was established on the basis of data obtained from a series of experiments. Measurement of the ratio between the feed force and the cutting force components (F_f/F_c) has been found to provide a practical method for an in-process approach to the quantification of tool wear. A series of experiments was conducted to study the effects of tool wear as well as other cutting parameters on the cutting force signals, and to establish a relationship between the force signals, tool wear and other cutting parameters. The flank wear and the ratio of forces at different working conditions were collected experimentally to develop a mathematical model for predicting flank wear. The model was verified by comparing the experimental values with the predicted values. The relationship was then used for determination of tool flank wear.