Q235B钢板表面缺陷分析

运用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等手段,对存在质量缺陷的Q235B钢板进行了显微组织分析。结果表明,孔洞缺陷的原因是铸机浇铸过程中氩气流量过高;裂纹周边有轻微脱碳现象及在裂纹内部发现存在Si、Ca、M g的氧化物,由于同时存在脱碳和氧化质点,可推断该类裂纹来源于连铸坯表面纵向裂纹及铸坯气孔,在轧制过程中进一步扩展。同时对连铸生产提出了优化措施。     

连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象基础知识系列讲座 第十一讲 连铸坯凝固过程中的成分过冷

连铸坯凝固过程中由于溶质再分配而形成的成分过冷对枝晶生长方式、铸坯偏析、裂纹、缩松等铸造缺陷有着重要的影响，介绍了成分过冷的判断公式及其控制成分过冷的有关条件。     

连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象基础知识系列讲座：第十一讲 连凝坯凝固过程中？

连铸坯凝固过程中由于溶质再分配而形成的成分过冷对枝晶生长方式，铸坯偏析，裂纹，缩松等铸造缺陷有着重要的影响，介绍了成分过冷的判断公式及其控制成分过冷的有关条件。     

唐钢FTSC工艺生产SS400热板卷的轧制孔洞缺陷控制

 针对唐钢FTSC薄板坯连铸连轧线生产SS400热板卷的轧制孔洞缺陷,对连铸坯的低倍组织、铸坯温度分布和动态软压下工艺进行了研究。结果表明：铸坯存在内部横裂纹和疏松缺陷,内部裂纹产生在0扇形段,裂纹处硫元素呈正偏析;铸坯内部裂纹和疏松缺陷在后续轧制中不能够焊合,是导致轧制孔洞缺陷的直接原因。通过优化动态软压下参数,将压下终点向前提和减小0扇形段的压下量;增加二次冷却强度,提高冷却均匀性;提高钢水质量、加强设备精度管理和推进恒拉速操作,可以完全避免中碳钢SS400热轧板卷轧制孔洞缺陷的产生。     

高锰钢开裂原因分析及预防措施

针对高锰钢裂纹缺陷,通过对铸坯开裂处成分、微观和宏观组织等展开深入分析研究,确定了裂纹产生的主要原因。并结合生产实际,提出了调整合金加入频次、适当降低浇铸温度和浇铸速度、对铸坯加热温度的精准控制以及保证透烧等工艺改进措施,改善钢的内部质量,避免高锰钢铸坯裂纹的再次产生。     

45^#钢小方坯铸坯质量控制研究

针对某钢厂45#钢铸坯内部裂纹问题,对铸坯横断面不同位置处的夹杂物种类、数量、大小进行统计分析.结果表明:硫化物偏析形成的大型硫化物夹杂,以及铸坯进入空冷段后表面温度回升速度过大是造成铸坯内部裂纹的主要原因.通过二冷数值模拟计算及现场生产实践得出,采取优化连铸过程二冷制度的方法,可以对铸坯内夹杂物凝固行为加以控制,减少硫化物的偏析和大型硫化物的数量,实现对铸坯内部裂纹的控制.     

天津钢管公司连铸圆坯表面裂纹特征和预防措施

总结了检查天津钢管公司生产的Ф210～310mm连铸圆管坯表面裂纹的经验。叙述了浇铸温度高，保护渣润滑膜不均匀，铸坯拉速不稳定，二冷水不均匀，中间包水口不对中，合金钢铸坯冷却和再加热速度过快及钢中五害元素超标和结晶器铜管偏移等致使圆铸坯表面形成的11种裂纹的特征及其预防措施。     

40Cr热轧圆钢表面裂纹的金相检验和分析

针对轧制40Cr圆钢表面发现裂纹的现象,对存在裂纹的圆钢进行了化学成分分析和金相分析,发现裂纹中存在脱碳,氧化圆点等缺陷,推断连铸坯表面及皮下存在缺陷。对连铸坯进行低倍检验和金相组织分析,发现铸坯存在表面裂纹、皮下裂纹以及树枝晶裂纹。追溯了连铸生产数据,对铸坯缺陷产生原因进行分析确认,并提出工艺优化建议。     

42CrMo表面裂纹的分析与改进

针对采用矩形坯轧制棒材42CrMo生产中出现的表面裂纹缺陷,通过对棒材表面裂纹和棒材质量的分析,认为是铸坯表面裂纹导致棒材表面裂纹缺陷的产生,并且裂纹的产生是由于连铸工艺参数的不合理引起的。通过对连铸工艺的改进,合理优化结晶器电磁搅拌参数、二冷配水和拉坯速度,消除了铸坯表面裂纹,从而解决了棒材表面裂纹的缺陷。     

高强度微合金钢连铸板坯表面缺陷的优化研究

在微合金钢连铸过程中,铸坯表面缺陷,尤其是边部裂纹、角部横裂纹和纵裂纹的发生率明显高于普通钢铸坯。针对高强度微合金钢铸坯表面缺陷产生的原因进行分析,研究各种缺陷形成的内因和外因,探索边部裂纹、角部横裂纹和纵裂纹的控制技术,形成卓有成效的解决方案,同时对高强度微合金钢连铸生产工艺加以优化。对设备进行检测和调整,形成高强度微合金钢表面缺陷的综合控制技术,使铸坯表面边角部裂纹缺陷得到有效控制。     

水平连铸铜管坯缺陷在线超声检测及缺陷数据库应用研究

针对铜管坯的孔洞、夹杂、裂纹、壁厚不均匀等常见缺陷难以在线检测的问题，引入超声波无损检测技术，设计开发了一套应用于熔铸现场的超声在线检测系统。结合铜管坯水平连铸工序对探伤的实际需求，设计多组体积缺陷、线缺陷、几何缺陷检测探头，实现对孔洞、裂纹、壁厚均匀性的在线检测。针对检测出来的铸坯缺陷数据和水平连铸实时工艺参数，开发了一套数据库管理系统，实现对水平连铸工序中多种数据的整合汇总和初步分析，为建立铸坯缺陷和工艺参数之间的关系，提供了一个信息化、智能化的数据库管理工具。     

低碳包晶钢连铸工艺设计及纵裂纹控制

重点论述了低碳包晶钢连铸时的特殊性引发的连铸坯裂纹问题,分析了此类纵裂纹缺陷的特点及产生原因,根据武钢三炼钢厂在低碳包晶钢纵裂控制方面的生产实践,提出了浇铸低碳包晶铸钢时的连铸工艺控制技术,取得了显著成效。     

含硼普碳钢表面纵裂纹控制

安钢生产的含硼普碳钢宽板坯出现大量表面纵裂纹,为降低其对产品质量的影响,对其产生原因进行了理论分析和生产试验研究,结果表明,引起含硼普碳钢宽板坯纵裂纹的原因是结晶器内钢中B在树枝晶晶界偏析和钢质带来的凝固坯壳厚度差异,以及凝固坯壳收缩不均匀和拉速波动导致坯壳开裂。通过优化转炉脱氧工艺、调整硼合金加入时机和加入量、制定合理的结晶器冷却制度、改进拉速控制和液面操作等措施,降低了含硼钢铸坯的裂纹发生率,提高了产品质量和铸坯合格率。     

Effects of Nickel Coating of Mold Plates on Star Crack Defects

Star crack defects encountered during the continuous casting of slab are elucidated in the current article. Trials were carried out to obtain basic information on the behavior of the star cracks under same casting conditions for different grade materials. It is important that star cracks form in the mold, and increase later in the casting process during the straightening. Star crack defects are clearly seen when using copper-based molds. The influences of steel carbon content, material grades, and mold type have been discussed. It is believed that defects in continuously cast products are minimized while using a nickel-coated mold wall in casting.     

低碳钢和中碳钢连铸方坯初始凝固的对比研究

以低碳钢和中碳钢为研究对象,围绕不同连铸工艺参数对方坯初始凝固行为的影响,利用CA-FE耦合模型模拟实际连铸过程结晶器内方坯的初始凝固行为,考察拉速和过热度对方坯出结晶器坯壳厚度的影响,对比二者出结晶器横截面枝晶微观形貌.研究表明:过热度和拉速增加均能使出结晶器坯壳厚度下降,而拉速的影响更为显著.不同钢种在相同条件下出结晶器坯壳厚度下降梯度不同.过热度越低柱状晶越致密细小,利于提高连铸坯质量,拉速对柱状晶的影响相对较小.由于出结晶器坯壳安全厚度限制,过热度取15℃,低碳钢拉速不能超过2.2 m·min-1,中碳钢拉速不能超过2.5 m·min-1,据此针对不同钢种设计不同拉速可提高连铸效率.同时,模型结果显示低碳钢出结晶器时刻柱状晶更为发达.      

高速连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为及其均匀性控制

从分析高拉速包晶钢板坯连铸结晶器内凝固传热行为特征入手,首先阐明拉速对结晶器内的界面热阻、凝固坯壳的温度与应力分布的影响规律,研究发现拉速超过1.6 m·min?1时,界面热阻明显增加,拉速由1.4 m·min?1提升至1.6 m·min?1和1.8m·min?1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度相应减少约10%,其发生漏钢的危险不断增加;在此基础上,阐述了结晶器的内腔结构、保护渣、振动与液面控制等控制结晶器内坯壳凝固均匀性的相关技术。要实现高速连铸,首要应考虑结晶器内腔结构的优化设计,使其能更好地迎合凝固坯壳的生长,研制适合包晶钢等凝固特点的专用连铸保护渣至关重要,铸坯鼓肚控制也是保障高拉速液面稳定的关键。      

SS400连铸坯纵向裂纹研究

分析了SS400出现纵向裂纹的原因为晶粒粗大,组织疏松,浇铸温度过高,浇铸过程中形成了成分偏析,拉速与保护渣粘度匹配不合理,浇铸过程中水口插入太深,导致保护渣被卷入板坯形成夹杂物,结晶器铜板厚度不合理。通过控制钢中[C]、[P]、[S],稳定拉速,浇铸速度,选择合适的结晶器及保护渣,控制二冷水的水量及强度,保持水口插入深度在钢液面10 mm以下,控制浇铸温度和板坯宽度等措施,纵向裂纹得到有效控制。     

Heat-flow-based analysis of surface crack formation during the start-up of the direct chill casting process: Part II. experimental study of an AA5182 rolling ingot

The flow of heat during the start-up of the direct chill (DC) casting process has been studied with the aim of determining the factors that make this phase of the process prone to face crack generation. Measurements have been made on an AA5182 rolling ingot instrumented with embedded thermocouples placed at key locations in the vicinity of the ingot face near its base. The resulting temperature data have been input to a two-dimensional (2-D) inverse heat-transfer model, developed in part I of this two part study, in order to calculate heat fluxvs surface temperature curves in the direct water impingement regime. The findings indicate that the flow of heat is influenced by changing surface morphology and water flow conditions during the start-up phase. A finite element based simulation of the cast start, employing the calculated flux/surface temperature relations, reveals that the ingot shell at the point of water contact reaches a maximum thickness early in the casting process. The location of this maximum was found to coincide with the position where surface cracks are routinely found to initiate. Further, this maximum was found to also coincide with position at which the rate of deflection of the base of the ingot (“butt-curl”) begins to slow. Based on the heat-flow analysis, it is believed that the face cracks form due to an excessive shell thickness during transient start-up conditions and that their occurrence could be reduced by an optimal combination of water flow rate and casting speed during start-up.     

影响高速浇铸亚包晶钢表面质量的因素研究

为改善亚包晶钢高速浇铸时的表面质量,从过热度、锰硫比、拉速、铜板温度、平均热流和保护渣几个方面进行讨论.浇铸亚包晶钢时钢水过热度高,在较强的冷却制度下会促进铸坯表面形成凹陷和纵裂.随着拉速的增加,凹陷的发生率呈上升趋势,在同一拉速条件下,铸坯内弧比外弧更易于生成凹陷.结晶器壁热流不均是纵裂纹产生的有利环境,铸坯表面产生裂纹和没有裂纹时,二者的平均热流和铜板温度存在明显的差异.与低碱度保护渣相比,使用高碱度保护渣时,结晶器热流量和铜板温度低,有利于实现弱冷却,均匀形成凝固坯壳,有助于获得良好表面质量的铸坯.     

Mechanical properties and crack susceptibility of steel during solidification

The determination of high temperature mechanical properties is a necessity for the better understanding of defect formation during continuous casting of steel. Although a lot of studies have been performed on this topic, some aspects like the influence of cast structure on crack susceptibility are still unclear. The present paper focuses on the effect of carbon on high temperature strength and crack susceptibility. Tensile tests have been performed on steel shells with different carbon content during solidification. The results indicate an important influence of the orientation of the inhomogeneous cast structure towards main stress axis. The initial shell with a thickness of only a few millimetres is more sensitive to defect formation than commonly believed. The critical limits of straining range from about 0.15 to 0.4 %. With increasing shell thickness, the critical strain ascends up to 1.6 %. The detected segregated internal cracks form within the critical temperature range. The strength near solidus temperature is lower than in comparable hot tensile tests, which can also be attributed to the detrimental effect of the inhomogeneous structure. The strength at solidus temperature amounts to 2.5 MPa for higher carbon steels and about 1 MPa for low carbon steels.