基于三维有限元法的碾压砼拱坝应力仿真计算研究

为防止大坝因局部拉应力过大而产生坝体拉裂现象,基于拱坝温度场和温度徐变应力场基本原理,以江西省萍乡市山口岩水利枢纽工程拦河坝为例,利用三维有限元法对拱坝施工期与运行期的温度场和应力场进行了仿真计算。结果表明,拱坝的施工与设计中未采取温控措施、不设置分缝,坝体拉应力过大,超出了碾压砼的抗拉强度,对大坝防裂稳定不利;对拱坝合理地设置横缝和诱导缝,采取温控措施,坝体高拉应力区的应力可得到有效改善,应力得到了释放,最大拉应力小于碾压砼的抗拉强度,有利于大坝防裂,为坝体稳定提供了保障。     

混凝土拱坝导流底孔坝段施工期温度及应力仿真分析

针对目前混凝土拱坝导流底孔坝段温控仿真研究较少的问题,通过模拟拱坝导流底孔坝段施工过程中混凝土温度场和应力场,获得不同浇筑方案下拱坝导流底孔段的最高温度及顺河向温度应力、横河向温度应力和第一主应力。结果表明,高温季节浇筑薄层混凝土易产生温度倒灌,而低温季节采取薄层浇筑有利于降低混凝土最高温度和最大温度应力,由此提出相应大坝混凝土浇筑温控建议措施,对于类似工程安全施工和进度控制具有重要意义。     

乌东德大坝低热水泥混凝土温控防裂效果研究

鉴于目前国内高混凝土坝尚无全坝应用低热水泥的先例,结合混凝土性能特点,研究了乌东德大坝中热、低热水泥混凝土的温度控制标准、最高温度控制措施及大坝抗裂安全系数,并采用有限单元法仿真计算了典型坝段施工期温度场和温度应力场。结果表明,大坝在采用低热水泥混凝土后,最高温度明显降低,富裕度增大,同时抗裂安全系数可提高至2.0以上。结果为乌东德拱坝全面采用低热水泥混凝土提供了参考依据。     

某碾压混凝土重力坝温度场及应力场仿真研究

温度荷载是混凝土坝应考虑的主要荷载之一,而坝体会因温度应力过大从而导致产生温度裂缝,对大坝的安全运行产生不利影响。为避免在施工和运行过程中因温度应力超过坝体混凝土的容许应力而产生温度裂缝,基于热传导理论,针对某碾压混凝土重力坝施工期和运行期的整个过程,采用三维有限元数值仿真分析方法,进行了温度场和温度应力场的计算分析。计算结果表明：提出的温控施工方案可有效降低坝体的最高温度和温度应力,并且此施工方案可满足相关规范要求和该工程的温控设计要求。同时,此研究成果亦可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

基于分布式光纤测温的高拱坝蓄水初期实测温度场分析

蓄水初期坝体内部实际温度分布状态对高拱坝的安全运行具有重要意义,基于分布式光纤测温原理,运用sufer8.0绘图软件绘制各蓄水阶段的拱冠梁坝段实测温度等值线图,根据温度等值图可直观分析坝体内的温度场分布状态,并结合西南某高拱坝施工期及蓄水初期光纤实测温度资料,判断得出该高拱坝坝体温度场分布大致合理,温度控制措施合理有效。由此表明,基于分布式光纤测温方法简单、结果可靠,可满足实际现场运行监测需要。     

基于冷却水管离散算法的重力坝温控研究

应用精度较高的水管冷却混凝土温度场离散迭代算法对某混凝土重力坝进行全坝段仿真计算,结果揭示了坝体准稳定温度场、坝体温度和应力变化规律.提出的温控防裂措施合理可行、效果明显,对设计和施工具有重要的参考价值.     

严寒地区混凝土坝表面保护材料的敏感性研究

针对高寒地区建设的碾压混凝土坝因气候条件恶劣常出现混凝土裂缝问题,采用三维有限单元法对某高寒区混凝土坝体运行期温度场进行了表面保护材料的敏感性仿真分析,探讨了恶劣气候环境条件下碾压混凝土坝的温度场及应力场分布规律,给出了适合该工程的优化温控措施,可供相似工程实施温控措施借鉴.     

浇筑层厚对碾压混凝土坝温度场和应力场的影响

高混凝土坝浇筑时材料用量大、施工条件复杂、建设周期长,同时又需考虑温度控制、结构应力、施工环境等因素对坝体安全的影响。为此,以某工程碾压混凝土重力坝为例,采用三维有限元法,研究了不同的混凝土浇筑层厚度对大坝温度场与应力场的影响。结果表明,早期坝体内部的最高温度随浇筑层厚的增加而增大,坝体不同区域最高温度不仅受浇筑厚度的影响,同时也与大坝浇筑的时间相关;基础垫层混凝土、三级配碾压混凝土和二级配常态混凝土区域最大拉应力随浇筑厚度的增大而增大。     

闸墩混凝土夏季施工温控措施研究

针对大型水闸闸墩混凝土施工期温度控制与防裂比较困难的问题,同时考虑夏季高温施工的不利情况,以河口村水库溢洪道闸墩为例,基于温度场和应力场的三维有限元分析方法,通过研究入仓温度、通水冷却、后浇带等因素对闸墩开裂的影响,提出了控制入仓温度、通水冷却与设置后浇带相结合的温控防裂措施。结果表明,本文提出的温控措施效果较好。     

基于强度储备法拟定混凝土坝水平位移监控指标研究

为探索大坝监控指标的研究方法,以飞来峡混凝土坝#18溢流段为例,利用强度储备法研究了坝段在初始屈服、临界失稳、失稳破坏三种特殊状态下监测点的水平位移分量值,并结合坝顶水平位移温度分量、时效分量的统计模型建立了该坝段水平位移的混合模型,拟定了#18溢流段的位移安全监控指标。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。