稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究(Ⅱ)交联密度

以溶胀指数SI（Swelling Index）为指示参数，研究了稀土用量及炭黑用量对稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末天然橡胶[P（NR／N330-Ln）]硫化胶的交联密度的影响，并与无稀土粉末胶[P（NR／N330）]及无稀土块胶（MNR／N330）的硫化胶做对比。结果表明，随着稀土用量的增加，硫化胶的溶胀指数（SI）的变化出现4个阶段，这是N330粒子上的稀土对硫化胶表现交联密度的贡献有两种相反的作用，即阻碍生成炭黑凝胶从而降低表现交联密度的作用，增大N330-Ln的表面效应，提高稀土结合橡胶的生成量从而提高表现交联密度的作用的综合结果。随着炭黑用量的增加，P（NR／N330）和P（NR／N330-Sm）硫化胶的交联密度高于MNR／N330硫化胶，各种硫化胶在炭黑填充量为100份时的交联密度几乎相同。     

天然橡胶/改性纳米碳酸钙复合材料的形态与力学性能

比较了3种改性纳米碳酸钙,如硬脂酸改性的纳米碳酸钙(CCR)、CCR的固相改性纳米碳酸钙(M—CCR)、悬浮改性纳米碳酸钙(M—CaCO3)与天然橡胶组成的复合材料硫化胶的力学性能和形态。结果表明,3种复合材料的硫化胶与天然橡胶硫化胶相比,其力学性能得到了明显改善,其中含有M—CaCO3的复合材料力学性能的提高和形态的改善优于含有CCR和M—CCR者。     

稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究I.硫化胶的物理机械性能

以天然胶(NR)乳为原料,稀土化合物改性高耐磨炭黑N330(N330-Re)为填充隔离剂,用凝聚共沉法制备了稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR[P(NR/N330-Re)],研究了炭黑乳化剂用量、粉末化温度、硫磺用量、稀土元素的种类及用量、过渡金属Zn的用量、N330-Re的用量等因素对其硫化胶物理机械性能的影响.结果表明,所选用的稀土化合物对高耐磨炭黑N330具有优良的改性效果,从而对P(NR/N330-Re)硫化胶有显著的补强作用,其中以Sm2O3与La2O3改性效果最佳.     

复合保存剂BCT-2/NH_3对天然胶乳保存效果及天然橡胶性能的影响

将高效、绿色的水溶性广谱杀菌剂BCT-2与NH3复配保存鲜天然胶乳(NRL),研究了复合保存剂对NRL保存效果、天然橡胶(NR)的硫化特性和加工性能、NR硫化胶的物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,采用BCT-2/NH_3复合保存剂保存NRL效果良好,尤其是挥发脂肪酸值(VFA NO)在7天内始终维持在0.05以下;NR混炼胶的硫化速率和最大交联度比采用NH_3+TT/ZnO保存时更高;NR混炼胶的加工性能优良,网络结构较NH_3+TT/ZnO保存时更稳定;NR硫化胶的物理机械性能优于采用NH_3+TT/ZnO保存时硫化胶,拉伸强度达到26.23 MPa,撕裂强度达到30.71 k N/m。     

掺杂氧化钐的炭黑用量对粉末天然橡胶性能的影响

高耐磨炉黑(HAF)填充型粉末天然橡胶(NR)[P(NR/HAF)]硫化胶的缺点是300%定伸应力低,因此,采用Sm2O3掺杂HAF(HAF-Sm),用凝聚共沉法制备了掺杂Sm2O3的HAF填充型粉末天然橡胶(NR)[P(NR/HAF-Sm)],研究了其硫化胶的力学性能与Sm2O3及HAF用量之间的关系。结果表明:在炭黑用量为10~100份,当炭黑用量相同、Sm2O3的质量分数为HAF的3%时,其P(NR/HAF-Sm)硫化胶的300%定伸应力显著高于P(NR/HAF)硫化胶,而与块状NR(MNR)/HAF机械混炼胶料硫化胶的相近;其拉伸强度、100%定伸应力和撕裂强度明显高于P(NR/HAF)及MNR/HAF硫化胶。这说明适量的Sm2O3掺杂HAF可显著提高炭黑填充型粉末NR硫化胶的300%定伸应力及其他力学性能。     

稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR研究——Ⅰ．硫化胶的物理机械性能

以天然胶(NR)乳为原料，稀土化合物改性高耐磨炭黑N330(N330-Re)为填充隔离剂，用凝聚共沉法制备了稀土掺杂高耐磨炭黑填充型粉末NR[P(NR／N330-Re)]，研究了炭黑乳化剂用量、粉末化温度、硫磺用量、稀土元素的种类及用量、过渡金属Zn的用量、N330-Re的用量等因素对其硫化胶物理机械性能的影响。结果表明，所选用的稀土化合物对高耐磨炭黑N330具有优良的改性效果，从而对P(NR／N330-Re)硫化胶有显著的补强作用，其中以Sm2O3与La2O3改性效果最佳。     

凝聚共沉法稀土掺杂高岭土/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

研究凝聚共沉法稀土掺杂高岭土/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料的性能,并与粉体高岭土/块状NR机械混炼硫化胶进行对比。结果表明:稀土掺杂高岭土在NR基体中具有良好的分散性,二者构成的界面结合牢固;与粉体高岭土/块状NR机械混炼硫化胶相比,凝聚共沉法稀土掺杂高岭土/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度有较大提高;与镧和钐相比,镨化合物对高岭土的掺杂改性效果更明显。     

基于RE-C22/NR复合材料的机械性能和动态力学性能研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)改性氧化钆(Gd2O3)作为天然橡胶(NR)复合材料的新型改性剂,用改性稀土氧化物在不同填料用量下制备了橡胶复合材料.以MAA改性的Gd2O3为RE-C22材料,在不同的填料用量下制备了天然橡胶复合材料.用FTIR、X射线衍射和SEM研究了改性Gd2O3的结构特征.发现有机改性的Gd2O3的粒...     

超微细SiO2的制备及其对天然橡胶硫化胶结构与性能的影响

研究了溶胶-凝胶法和反胶团法制备的超微细SiO2填充天然橡胶(NR)硫化胶的硫化特性和力学性能，并与未改性纳米SiO2、KH-570改性纳米SiO2进行了比较结果表明：SiO2的制备方法和SiO2的填充质量分数对NR硫化胶的硫化特性有很大的影响，溶胶-凝胶法和反胶团法制备的超微细SiO2填充NR硫化胶的门尼焦烧时间缩短，综合力学性能优于纳米SiO2／NR硫化胶；试片的拉伸断面电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察表明，制备的超微细SiO2在NR硫化胶中的分散性较好，拉伸断面的NR基质产生了剪切变形的痕迹。体现了超微细SiO2对NR硫化胶较强的补强效果。     

环氧化天然橡胶共交联改性EPDM/NR共混物的性能

将三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)与环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)共交联改性后,再与天然橡胶(NR)共混,考察了ENR共交联改性EPDM/NR共混胶的硫化特性、硫化胶的物理机械性能、溶胀指数和耐热空气老化性能,并对该硫化胶进行了差示扫描量热分析。结果表明,EPDM经过ENR共交联改性后与NR共混,ENR共交联改性EPDM/NR共混胶的交联程度明显提高,各相达到了同步交联,硫化胶的综合性能得到了显著改善。     

Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide: Effect of S-layers adsorption on surface of oxide

Mixed zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide has been prepared by a sol–gel and co-precipitation routes. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous ions with ammonia, and then zinc oxide was coated onto the surface of magnetic iron oxide by hydrolysis of zinc precursors. As a result, zinc oxide coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 68 nm were obtained. The crystalline bacterial cell surface layer)S-layer (used in this study was isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 12046. The S-layer was adsorbed onto the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide. The nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the structural and the chemical features of the nanocomposites. The infrared spectra indicate that the S-layer-nanoparticle interaction occurs. This novel nanoparticle showed admirable potential in adsorption of S-layers on the surface of oxides for drug delivery.     

氧化锌和氧化镁对HNBR过氧化物硫化体系性能的影响

本文主要研究了氧化锌和氧化镁单用用量及并用对HNBR过氧化物硫化体系性能的影响,结果表明金属氧化物能对过氧化物硫化体系产生活化作用提高胶料的交联密度及耐热性能且氧化锌活性要高于氧化镁,并随其用量增加耐热性能变优;热重分析表明HNBR胶料热降解呈现两个阶段,且5份氧化锌能显著提高胶料的热稳定性能;氧化锌和氧化镁并用比例为7/3时对胶料的耐热性能产生协同作用,耐热性能最佳,但氧化镁对胶料的压缩永久变形性能产生不利影响。     

Glucosamine conjugated iron oxide and graphene oxide nanohybrid for smart drug delivery

Smart drug delivery systems have attracted a lot of attention as one of the new treatment methods for cancer. In this study, a smart drug delivery system carrying anticancer drugs was obtained by the intelligent synthesis of glucosamine (GA)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO)-based iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@GO-GA) using Hummers and chemical co-precipitation processes. Nanohybrids have a high surface area (280.26 m²/g) and superparamagnetic behaviour (Ms = 26.017 emu/g), indicating a significant loading capacity (373.78 mg/mg) and efficiency (96.3%) for pharmaceutical loading. An adsorption study of conventional daunorubicin (DNR) on this carrier showed that the drug release is more prone to occur under acidic conditions (pH = 5.5), at moderately high temperatures (T = 40°C), and in the absence of smart carriers. The toxicity of the smart nanohybrids was examined using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell lines. The rate of death of cells exposed to smart drug-containing systems in comparison to the systems without GA shows that GA reduces the toxicity of Fe₃O₄@GO.     

以活性氧化镁和氯化镁为原料合成氧化镁晶须

探讨了一种合成氧化镁晶须的新的工艺方法。首先以活性氧化镁和氯化镁为原料合成了前驱体碱式氯化镁晶须，接着将碱式氯化镁焙烧成氧化镁晶须。分别用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和化学分析，分析了中间体碱式氯化镁和产品氧化镁晶须的成分、形貌和热化学行为。探讨了各个工艺条件对产物的影响，探索出最佳的工艺条件：活性氧化镁与氯化镁的物质的量比在0．08左右，氯化镁溶液的浓度为3mol／L，反应温度40～50℃，陈化时间在48-72h，陈化温度50℃。在此条件下制得了形貌良好的前驱物碱式氯化镁晶须。将碱式氯化镁晶须焙烧，控制升温速率在2—5℃／min，采取分段升温方式升温至600℃，即可制得氧化镁晶须。制得的晶须长度在100μm左右，直径约0．5μm。     

Reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia on silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts

Highly active catalysts for the reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia can be obtained by supporting vanadium oxide, more than 15% by weight, on a silica gel with micropores of a mean diameter larger than 10 nm, followed by calcining it in the temperature range from 250 to 350°C. Both pre-impregnation with a small amount of titania and addition of ammonium bromide increased the activity markedly. The catalyst gave an NO conversion level of 100% at 150°C. A series of life tests of the catalysts, which was performed at 230°C using a simulated flue gas containing 700 parts/10⁶ of sulphur dioxide, demonstrated that their activities were stable for more than 300 h. Little irreversible change in the catalyst properties was observed after the test.     

Effects of methane and oxygen on decomposition of nitrous oxide over metal oxide catalysts

Catalytic activities of various metal oxides for decomposition of nitrous oxide were compared in the presence and absence of methane and oxygen, and the general rule in the effects of the coexisting gases was discussed. The reaction rates of nitrous oxide were well correlated to the heat of formation of metal oxide, i.e., a V-shaped relationship with a minimum at −ΔH_f⁰ around 450 kJ (O mol)⁻¹ was observed in N₂O decomposition in an inert gas. In the case of metal oxides having the heat of formation lower than 450 kJ (O mol)⁻¹, CuO, Co₃O₄, NiO, Fe₂O₃, SnO₂, In₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, the activities were strongly affected by the presence of methane and oxygen. On the other hand, the activities of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, La₂O₃, MgO and CaO were almost independent. The reaction rate of nitrous oxide was significantly enhanced by methane. The promotion effect of methane was attributed to the reduction of nitrous oxide with methane: 4N₂O+CH₄→2N₂+CO₂+2H₂O. The activity was suppressed in the presence of oxygen on the metal oxides having lower heat of formation. On the basis of Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, the effect of oxygen on nitrous oxide decomposition was rationalized with the strength of metal–oxygen bond.     

Reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide by cobalt porphyrins and corrins

The reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N₂O) by dithiothreitol in the presence of cobalt-centered corrin and porphyrin are presented. Reactions were monitored directly using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of vapor phase spectra. Reaction rates were two-fold faster for cobalt corrin than cobalt-centered porphyrins. The stoichiometry showed loss of two NO molecules per N₂O generation.     

Bifunctional ternary manganese oxide/vanadium oxide/reduced graphene oxide as electrochromic asymmetric supercapacitor

A bifunctional ternary manganese oxide/vanadium oxide/reduced graphene oxide (MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO) was developed for asymmetric electrochromic supercapacitor (EC-SC) application. The elemental mapping revealed uniformly distributed MnO₂, V₂O₅ and rGO, depicting homogenous synthesis of the hybrid composite. The phase composition, vibration modes and valance state of the ternary composite were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, respectively. Interestingly, the as-prepared MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO composite disclosed tremendous C_sp of 1403.5 F/g, which was higher compared to MnO₂/V₂O₅ (801.1 F/g), V₂O₅ (613.1 F/g), MnO₂ (126.7 F/g) and rGO (60.7 F/g). MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO that appeared in dark green switched its visual color to orange at the charged state, confirming the electrochromic property. The bifunctional manganese oxide/vanadium oxide/reduced graphene oxide//copper-based metal-organic framework/reduced graphene oxide (MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO//MrGO) asymmetrical EC-SC device revealed outstanding cycling stability (90.3% charge retention over 5000 cycles), tremendous specific capacitance (652.7 F/g) and maximum specific energy (60.4 Wh/kg). MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO//MrGO asymmetrical EC-SC device demonstrated reversible color changes from dark green to orange at the discharged and charged states, respectively. The significantly great electrochromic and supercapacitive performance revealed that MnO₂/V₂O₅/rGO//MrGO is an outstanding electroactive candidate for the next generation of electrochromic supercapacitors.     

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of erbium oxide

Erbium oxide (Er₂O₃) has been used in a variety of microelectronic, optoelectronic, thermophotovoltaic, and biomedical applications, and especially in nuclear reactor systems. Electrochemical synthesis of rare earth oxides has conventionally been based upon base generation under the application of anodic or cathodic potential and subsequent sintering of as-deposited rare earth hydroxides. In this study, we investigated a direct, room-temperature electrochemical synthesis of Er₂O₃ onto titanium base metal by applying cathodic potentials. Iminodiacetate (IDA) ligand was added to form Er(IDA)₂⁻ complexes with Er³⁺ in a neutral electrolyte. A cathodic reaction for the direct deposition of Er₂O₃ from Er(IDA)₂⁻ was suggested as the mechanism of Er₂O₃ synthesis. The formation of cubic Er₂O₃ phase at all applied potentials was verified by means of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The relationship between the diffusion characteristics of the reacting ions and the resulting microstructures of Er₂O₃ deposits was also studied as a function of applied potential.