改善模塑料性能的苯酚改性蜜胺树脂的制备

采用苯酚对三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(MF)进行改性,研究了3种原料(苯酚、三聚氰胺和甲醛)不同配比下的合成产物的模塑料性能,优选出低酚摩尔分数(8%)的用于模塑料加工的苯酚改性蜜胺树脂(PMF)。该树脂中甲醛与三聚氰胺的物质的量比(F1/M)为1.75∶1,甲醛与苯酚的物质的量比(F2/P)为1.7∶1,甲醛和苯酚的物质的量之和与三聚氰胺物质的量比((F1+F2+P)/M)为2.5∶1。该树脂可提高模塑料的加工性能,降低加工能量损耗,改善制品的模塑性和耐冲击性。     

三聚氰胺甲醛磺化树脂高效减水剂的制备

合成了水溶性三聚氰胺甲醛磺化的树脂,确定了其合成反应路线以及各步反应的需求条件,并对第三步缩合反应的pH以及不同三聚氰胺与磺化剂加入比（S/M）条件下所制备合成的产物进行了减水率和粘度测定,所得产物减水率可达20%以上。     

甲醛/三聚氰胺配比对三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料性能的影响研究

三聚氰胺和甲醛在温度为85～95℃、氢氧化钠为催化剂、持续反应3～4h的条件下,可反应生成一种固含量≥65%、化学性能相对稳定的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。以这种树脂为基体,加入乳化剂、固化剂和发泡剂,经发泡工艺制备出三聚氰胺甲醛泡沫塑料。研究了甲醛/三聚氰胺的摩尔配比(F/M)对可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的物理性能、有毒物质残余量、机械性能的影响,以及与树脂可发性的关系。结果表明,当F/M=3.0时,可发性三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的固含量为69%;黏度为1 280 mPa.s;抗弯曲强度为305.6 kPa;氧指数为40.5%;热释放速率为0.15 kW/m2;烟灰产率仅为2.1 m2/m2;峰值CO产量为0.0292 kg/kg。     

三聚氰胺甲醛/聚乙烯醇复合材料的制备及性能研究

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF)进行改性制备MF/PVA复合材料,考察了PVA的添加量对MF/PVA性能的影响。用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、万能力学试验机、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对复合材料的结构与性能进行表征。研究结果表明:PVA的加入能提高MF的结晶性,使复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均呈现先增加后降低趋势;当m(MF)∶m(PVA)=1∶1时,两者均达最大;此时复合材料的相容性较好,表面均匀、光滑,结构紧密,但所制得的MF/PVA复合材料热稳定性有所降低。     

三聚氰胺甲醛磺化树脂高效减水剂的制备

合成了水溶性三聚氰胺甲醛磺化树脂 ,确定了其合成反应路线以及各步反应的要求条件 ,并对第三步缩合反应的 pH以及不同三聚氰胺与磺化剂加入比 (S/M )条件下所制备合成的产物进行了减水率和粘度测定 ,所得产物减水率可达 2 0 %以上。     

三聚氰胺的制备

用尿素制备三聚氰胺的催化生产法。将尿素加热分解，然后在催化剂存在下，使尿素的热分解物转化生成三聚氰胺。尿素热分解在流化床中进行，流化床设有换热分解物转化生成三聚氨胺的反应可以在同一流化床中进行（在这种情况下流化颗粒为传统催化剂），也可以在远离流化床的反应中进行。后一种情况流化固体为惰性催化颗粒，转化反应在有催化剂存在下，在远离流化床扳应区内进行。不管哪种情况，都是在换热器上方某处向反应器流化床加入尿素。     

密胺模塑料的制备与性能研究

用树脂共缩聚的改性方法制备了密胺模塑料,以改善其力学性能。密胺模塑料中纤维素用量为55 phr时,其力学性能最佳;密胺树脂的甲醛/三聚氰胺(F/M)越大,密胺模塑料的力学性能越好,挥发分越高;随着固化剂用量的增加密,胺模塑料的力学性能先提高后降低当,其用量为1.0 phr时密,胺模塑料的综合性能最好。     

三聚氰胺的制备方法

用尿素或其热分解物制备三聚氨胺的改良工艺方法。尿素或其热分解物在催化剂流化床反应器内，在含氮和二氧化碳气体混合物存在的情况下，转化生成三聚氨胺。在三聚胺凝华器内，将三聚氰胺从气体混合物中分离出来，转化生成三聚氨胺。在三聚氰胺凝华器内，将三聚氨胺从气体混合物中分离出来，进行干法捕集。出凝华器的尾气中含氮、二氧化碳和气态杂质。大部分凝华器尾气被压缩并循环至反应器，作为催化剂的流化气。该工艺技术无须对凝华器尾气处理，除去其中杂质。     

蜜胺塑料制品可萃取甲醛的测定方法及应用

通过模拟普通食品和饮料成分的某些液体,在规定条件下与样品材料的模塑制品接触,然后测定液体中的甲醛含量,按规定要求计算与模塑制品接触的单位面积上提取的甲醛量。     

磺化三聚氰胺脲醛树脂合成工艺的研究

研究了引入尿素含量较高的条件下 ,磺化三聚氰胺脲醛树脂 (SMUF)的合成工艺影响因素及作为混凝土超塑化剂的应用性能。结果表明SMUF的优化合成条件为 :n(甲醛 )∶n(硫酸 )∶n(三聚氰胺 )∶n(尿素 ) =6∶2∶1∶1 ,羟甲基化、磺化、酸段缩合、碱性重整 4个阶段的反应温度均为 80℃ ,酸段缩聚反应阶段pH为 4 .5 ,时间为 90min。合成的SMUF树脂在用量 0 5 %时 ,混凝土的减水率可达 2 0 %。该工艺与SMF树脂合成相比 ,原料成本降低 35 %。     

Reactions between melamine formaldehyde resin and cellulose: Influence of pH

Nuclear magnetic resonance of ¹³C in the liquid state and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed on composite materials obtained from a sample of ashless filter paper immersed in aqueous solutions of a melamine formaldehyde resin with a high NH ratio. The resin aqueous solution was studied at pH 6, 7, and 9. After a cure performed at 85°C we showed that acid conditions improved the mechanical properties of the composite because of self‐condensation reactions of the amino resin while for the other pH values the mechanical properties of the cellulose were not changed because mainly hydrolysis reactions occurred. For a cure performed at 140°C and under acid conditions the degree of crosslinking of the resin increased while for the other pH mainly cocondensation reactions appeared. Finally, from the study of moisture sorption measurements performed on a composite material elaborated at pH 7 and for different relative humidity values we showed that mainly the Langmuir absorption mode was modified by the presence of the resin. This last result allowed us to propose a complete scenario of the events that appeared during the formation of the composite material. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1884–1896, 2000     

轻质密胺泡沫制备工艺优化

基于红外光谱分析和反应过程树脂黏度及泡孔结构的变化, 说明了三聚氰胺和甲醛为主要原料制备热固性泡沫的机理, 物理发泡过程还发生交联固化, 不同条件下制备不同泡孔大小和长径比的泡沫。为获得轻质、降噪和回弹好的发泡材料, 设计了正交实验优化工艺, 得到最佳工艺为:发泡液黏度1500 mPa·s, 树脂液、表面活性乳化剂、正戊烷发泡剂、固化剂质量配比为50:2:16:4, 微波加热60 s, 制得密度5 kg·m^-3的密胺泡沫。     

磺化三聚氰胺脲醛树脂的三步法合成工艺研究

采用三步法代替以往的四步法并以廉价的尿素代替部分价格昂贵的三聚氰胺,合成了具有高减水分散性能的磺化三聚氰胺脲醛树脂(SMUF),简化反应工艺,使羟甲基化和磺化同时进行。研究了磺甲基化反应、缩聚反应和重整反应工艺参数对SMUF分散性能的影响,适宜的反应条件为:原料比n(甲醛):n(三聚氰胺):n(尿素):n(磺化剂)=6:1:1:2时,磺甲基化反应(pH值11.0-11.5,60 min)、酸性缩聚反应(pH值4.5,60-75 min)及碱性重整反应(pH值7-8)温度均在80℃下进行。初步探索了三步法中磺甲基化反应机理。     

Production of melamine fortified urea‐formaldehyde resins with low formaldehyde emission

Melamine can be incorporated in the synthesis of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins to improve performance in particleboards (PB), mostly in terms of hydrolysis resistance and formaldehyde emission. In this work, melamine‐fortified UF resins were synthesized using a strong acid process. The best step for melamine addition and the effect of the reaction pH on the resin characteristics and performance were evaluated. Results showed that melamine incorporation is more effective when added on the initial acidic stage. The condensation reaction pH has a significant effect on the synthesis process. A pH below 3.0 results on a very fast reaction that is difficult to control. On the other hand, with pH values above 5.0, the condensation reaction becomes excessively slow. PBs panels produced with resins synthesized with a condensation pH between 4.5 and 4.7 showed good overall performance, both in terms of internal bond strength and formaldehyde emissions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

甲醚化MF改性MF/PVA阻燃纤维的结构与性能

以甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛(MF)树脂、MF树脂和聚乙烯醇(PVA)在一定条件下制得纺丝原液,经湿法纺丝得到甲醚化MF改性的MF/PVA纤维;研究了纺丝过程中氮流失率和纤维的形貌结构、力学性能、热性能以及阻燃性能.结果表明:甲醚化MF的加入可以降低MF树脂在凝固浴中的溶出;随甲醚化MF比例的增加,氮流失率逐渐降低,纤维表面更...     

三聚氰胺甲醛树脂硬质泡沫体的研究

以三聚氰胺和甲醛为原料合成三聚氰胺甲醛树脂,将树脂制成硬质闭孔泡沫体。该泡沫体泡孔分布均匀,直径60～100μm,经测试,氧指数37,导热系数为0.032 W/(m.K),抗折、抗压强度接近聚苯乙烯外墙保温板的部颁标准。     

Characterization and performance of melamine enhanced urea formaldehyde resin for bonding southern pine particleboard

Urea‐formaldehyde resins modified by melamine were synthesized by four catalysts (H₂SO₄, HCl, H₃PO₄, and NaOH/NH₄OH) with a F/U/M molar ratio of 1.38/1/0.074. Resin structure and thermal behavior were studied by ¹³C‐NMR and DSC techniques. For H₂SO₄, HCl, and H₃PO₄ catalysts, resins were prepared by two stage pH adjustment: the first pH stage was set at 1.25 (H₃PO₄ pH 1.60) and second pH stage was set at 5.0. For the NaOH/NH₄OH catalyst, the resin was set at pH 5.0 from the start. Of the four catalysts, HCl catalyzed resins, with the highest free urea and lowest free formaldehyde, consistently yielded the lowest formaldehyde emission; NaOH/NH₄OH catalyst resulted in the best IB strength tested at dry conditions and also after 24 h cold water soak and the lowest water absorption and thickness swell. The resins catalyzed with H₃PO₄ had the highest free formaldehyde and no free urea yielding the highest formaldehyde emission. Each DSC thermogram was proceeded by a weak exothermic peak and followed by an obvious endothermic peak. The exothermic peak temperatures were 125.0, 131.1, 111.4, and 125.2°C, and endothermic peak temperatures were 135.8, 147.6, 118.9, and 138.4°C, respectively, for H₂SO₄, HCl, H₃PO₄, and NaOH/NH₄OH catalysts. The close proximity of the peak temperatures of the exothermic and endothermic reactions strongly suggests that there is potential interference of heat flow between the exothermic and endothermic reactions which may impact resin curing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011