基于两级Smith预估补偿的加热炉温度串级控制

对于具有纯滞后的温度串级控制系统,提出了主副回路基于两级Smith预估补偿的串级控制结构;通过内模-PID整定方法设计了两级Smith预估装置进行补偿控制,仿真证明了方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效消除纯滞后环节的影响,得到良好的系统鲁棒性和动态控制性能,解决了汽油加氢反应进料加热炉温度串级控制系统中加热炉出口温度的时变性及滞后性等控制难点。     

串级控制与Smith预估补偿互补性初探

Smith预估器是用于大纯滞后对象的有效设计方法,但是对实际过程的参数变化很敏感,特别是静态增益K的变化.串级系统的内回路具有一定的自适应性,一个陕速内回路是至关重要的.提出了串级控制与Smith预估补偿相结合的控制策略.针对纯滞后问题,讨论了串级控制与Smith补偿的互补性,从理论和仿真两个方面讨论了这种系统相结合的可行性和应用价值.理论分析表明,该方案对静态增益K和动态参数T等的变化有较强的适应性,控制系统的鲁棒稳定性和动态品质均优于单纯的Smith预估补偿控制和单纯的串级控制,并得到了仿真结果的验证.     

Smith预估控制在大滞后加热系统中的应用

在工业过程中，大滞后系统普遍存在。论文以一实验用加热装置为研究对象，针对该温度控制系统具有大滞后特点，采用串级控制结构结合Smith预估控制器的控制方案。内环采用P控制：外环采用Smith预估器以大幅度降低滞后对控制系统动态性能的影响，结合PI控制，实现系统无静差。实验表明该种控制系统与单回路PID控制相比，具有更优的动态特性。     

自来水厂加氯自动控制系统的设计

针对加氯系统具有大滞后、变时滞的特点,提出一种通过建立清水池进出口余氯的动态模型、使用"串级系统 Smith预估补偿控制"的自动控制方案.在对自来水厂加氯系统的实际改造中,使用该方案取得了非常好的控制效果.     

基于Smith预估模糊PID的主汽温控制系统

针对生物质电厂主汽温具有非线性、时变性、大滞后、随机干扰量大等特性导致的工况复杂、控制难度大的问题,提出了一种基于Smith预估补偿的模糊PID串级控制方案.主控制器采用模糊推理的方法实现PID参数的在线自整定,利用Smith预估器实现对温控系统的纯滞后补偿.详细阐述温控系统的硬件配置和软件实现,实际运行结果表明该方案有效提高了系统的抗干扰能力和适应参数变化的能力,具有鲁棒性强、动态响应快及稳态精度高的优点.     

基于改进型内模控制技术在钢厂温控系统中的应用

在钢铁厂炉温过程控制系统中,温度控制一般延迟时间比较久,并且属于不稳定对象,度带有大惯性.如果采用传统的PID控制,由于被控对象不稳定,而且带有大滞后,一般实现不了预定效果.本论文以温度为被控对象,采用Smith与IMC控制相结合,内环采用Smith补偿使消去大滞后时间,并串一增益Kc,由劳斯判据,把被控对象转化为稳定...     

变风量空调系统房间温度的串级自抗扰控制

变风量空调系统房间温度控制中,由于控制对象存在非线性、大滞后、模型参数不确定性等问题,导致温度调节困难.采用一种新型二阶离散最速控制函数设计自抗扰控制器,结合串级控制,以变风量空调末端装置风阀开度为中间被调量,将自抗扰引入到串级控制的温度环,设计了串级自抗扰控制器.建立了空调房间和末端装置的仿真模型,并进行仿真控制器和...     

基于Smith预估补偿的聚丙烯反应器自适应控制系统研究

针对含有时滞的聚丙烯多区循环反应器温度串级控制系统为复杂的高阶系统，被控对象的滞后时间较大，且受到反应器内部放热、入口循环气温度、夹套水流量等干扰的影响，系统过程控制较为困难。通过以一阶惯性环节加纯滞后来逼近高阶系统，应用模型参考自适应控制算法，使自适应机构能够在线的整定反应器串级控制副回路的Smith预估器，使副回路Smith预估器的动态特性与副被控对象的动态特性接近一致；同时，根据期望的性能指标，在串级控制主回路设置一个参考模型，再次应用自适应算法，使得主回路被控对象的输出尽可能跟踪参考模型的输出。仿真结果表明，该控制系统对于具有时滞的聚丙烯反应器温度控制是有效的。     

和钢20T电弧炉过程控制滞后分析及处理

文章针对电弧炉扩容升级出现的过程控制滞后失调问题,进行了系统分析,找出了系统近似数学模型,以可编程调节器(XMPA7000)为控制平台,应用Smith预估补偿方法对控制系统进行了纯滞后处理,结果系统稳定性不够理想;又对Smith预估补偿结构进行改进,采用自适应纯滞后补偿控制方法,系统可以适应被控对象的变化,自动调节PID增益,得到了较高的控制品质,较好的解决了和钢公司20T电弧炉升级过程中控制滞后问题;不难看出,Smith预估补偿方法对被控对象数学模型精度要求很高,当被控对象数学模型发生更变化时,会导致系统不稳定;采用自适应纯滞后补偿控制方法可以很好的解决这一问题。     

ControlLogix集成控制系统在氯乙酸生产过程中的应用

针对氯乙酸生产过程中氯化工序与结晶工序的特点及其控制系统性能的要求，我们选择了A－B公司的ControlLogix集成控制系统来构成氯乙酸生产过程控制。控制系统由过程控制级与监控管理级成，形成二级分层体系结构。并在氯化工序中采用了前馈－串级复合控制，在预热水温度中采用了自适应Smith预估补偿控制。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.