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结合高炉炉前生产工艺特点,用LEC评价法对江苏沙钢集团锡兴特钢有限公司炼铁分厂高炉炉前作业条件危害(不包括机械、电气、起重等通常的人身伤害)进行了扼要的辨识和评价,并提出了炉前安全管理的建议。 相似文献
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为了经济合理地治理金属矿采空区,建立了相对差异函数的采空区危险性识别模型。首先建立含14个指标的采空区危险性识别指标体系,并采用相对差异函数确定评价指标对评价级别的相对隶属度和熵权法、层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标的组合权重;然后计算采空区危险性对评价级别的综合相对隶属度和级别特征值;最后根据级别特征值的平均值确定采空区的危险性级别。将该模型运用于某锡矿山8个采空区的危险性评价识别中,确定了各采空区的危险性级别,识别结果与未确知测度理论法识别结果相一致,符合现场实际。研究结果表明:该模型可通过自身参数的4种组合来提高采空区危险性识别结果的可靠性,为采空区危险性识别提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
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本文在分析研究区场地勘察资料与相关地质资料的基础上,综合对袁州区地质灾害危险性的相关因素的分析,建立了对应的地质灾害危险性评价指标体系。运用层次分析法来对评价指标所选的权重来进行计算。为同类地质灾害危险性评价提供参考和有力依据。 相似文献
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在对某厂5万m3转炉煤气储存系统所存在的主要危险因素分析基础上,运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法(第七版),对其火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价.评价结果表明,该储存系统的火灾爆炸指数为97,即危险等级为中等.为降低该储存系统的火灾爆炸危险性,提出了切实可行的安全措施进行补偿.补偿的结果表明,其火灾爆炸危险性大大降低. 相似文献
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CJ Mills RJ Bull KP Cantor J Reif SE Hrudey P Huston 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,19(3):91-102
Studies of water chlorination by-products have suggested a possible increased risk of bladder and colon cancers, as well as adverse reproductive and developmental effects such as increased spontaneous abortion rates and fetal anomalies. A workshop for an expert working group was convened to advise Health Canada on the need for further action. Participants were given background papers and a set of key questions to review prior to the meeting. At the workshop, experts presented an overview of what was known to date on water chlorination by-products from toxicologic studies, epidemiologic studies of cancer and adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and risk assessment. This paper summarizes the information provided in the background papers and presentations, describes the consensus arrived at regarding assessment of evidence for level of risk and presents a number of suggestions for future research. 相似文献
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Bryan Craig J.; Corso Kent A.; Neal-Walden Tracy A.; Rudd M. David 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,40(2):148
Psychologists working in primary care clinics can have a significant positive impact on preventing suicide. For psychologists working within the behavioral health consultant (BHC) model in primary care, however, the issue of how to appropriately manage suicide risk within this model has yet to be adequately addressed. Given the time-limited and focused nature of the BHC model, it is important to establish a framework for psychologists to provide adequate care that is practical within this model of health care. This article offers 26 empirically supported recommendations for suicide screening, accurate and time-efficient risk assessment, and effective risk management strategies, as well as suggestions for consultation with primary care physicians, all of which are consistent with the BHC model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The Federal Highway Administration recommends that stream stability analyses at bridges over water begin with a Level 1 assessment. Following this assessment of the physical condition of the stream in the vicinity of the bridge, the user must determine whether or not the relative risk is low. If it is low, then no action is needed. If the risk is greater than low, then a Level 2 analysis is recommended; however, no method is given for determining the risk. In this paper, the relative risk of unsatisfactory conditions at bridge foundations is assessed as a simple function of vulnerability and criticality. Vulnerability is based on a stream stability assessment and data from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). Criticality is determined indirectly as a function of the bridge serviceability and cost by using data extracted from the NBI. Relative risk is then qualitatively determined by combining vulnerability and criticality. Three examples in central Pennsylvania are provided in which the relative level of risk is used to determine the need for a Level 2 analysis. 相似文献
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J McCann 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,106(11):701-717
This review provides a discussion of cancer risk assessment methodology pertinent to developing a strategy for extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF). Approaches taken for chemical agents or ionizing radiation in six key topic areas are briefly reviewed, and then those areas are examined from the perspective of EMF, identifying issues to be addressed in developing a risk assessment strategy. The following recommendations are offered: 1) risk assessment should be viewed as an iterative process that informs an overall judgment as to health risk and consists of a complex of related activities incorporating both positive and negative data, tumor and nontumor end points, and human and nonhuman sources of information; 2) a hazard identification resulting in a conclusion of weak or null effects, such as may be associated with EMF, will need to assign significant weight to animal cancer bioassays conducted under defined exposure conditions as well as to human epidemiologic studies; 3) a default factor to account for possible age differences in sensitivity to carcinogenesis should be included in an EMF risk assessment; 4) lack of evidence of dose response and the apparent lack of DNA reactivity of EMF suggest that a safety (or uncertainty) factor or margin of exposure type of risk characterization may be most appropriate; and 5) an EMF risk assessment should permit at least tentative conclusions to be reached as to the limits of carcinogenic risk from exposure to EMF, and should also define an efficient research agenda aimed at clarifying uncertainties appropriate to a more complete assessment. 相似文献
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M. Pilar de la Cruz Alfredo del Ca?o Elisa de la Cruz 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,132(8):844-852
The purpose of the work summarized here was to improve the efficiency of the construction project management processes performed by the Spanish civil service, identifying and analyzing the main risks in these kinds of projects, and also establishing potential risk responses. The scope of this effort included a list of 96 risk events, categorized and prioritized first by impact, then by frequency. The most relevant ones are related to issues such as an inadequate prequalification system, insufficient training of public servants, or political considerations prevailing over real needs, among others. A total of 117 potential risk responses were identified, categorized, and prioritized by potential efficiency and difficulty of implementation. Each risk event was associated to a set of potential responses. The paper includes the top 15 risk events with its main potential responses, including qualitative assessments. A survey was carried out among Spanish public servants working in construction projects, to validate risk identification and to obtain a qualitative assessment. Moreover, a Delphi analysis was developed to validate the risk response identification and obtain a qualitative assessment. One of the conclusions is that small and medium-sized Spanish civil service agencies should work toward increasing their maturity in managing projects and, mainly, project risks. 相似文献
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VV Matiukhin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,(7):8-14
Evaluating a human during occupational activities, occupational physiology should put emphasis on two principal and cooperated directions. Those are aimed to minimize occupational risk, preservation of working capacity, long occupational life and human health. The first direction is associated with theoretic and practical work on differential diagnosis of various functional systems: regulation of working strain, fatigue and tension. Work in this direction helps to solve such practical problems as rehabilitation and assessment of human resources, evaluation of occupational stress, design of automated monitoring systems, etc. The second direction covers hygienic regulation of occupational factors. Their intensity and duration should be assessed with consideration of age, personality and other traits of a worker. In addition, combined action of existing hazards and the new ones should be considered in formation of regulatory technology documents. 相似文献
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RE Seguin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,95(3):115-118
The potential impact of employment on pregnancy is an important issue that merits assessment, given the increasing numbers of women entering the labor force and continuing employment throughout pregnancy. A review of the literature evaluating the effects of employment on pregnancy is presented, including a brief historical and legal perspective, as well as employment statistics in the USA. There is emerging evidence from various studies suggesting that long working hours and prolonged standing may place a pregnancy at risk. Thus, physicians need to counsel their patients about these potential risks and provide recommendations for early modification of employment activities, in order to have a positive impact on pregnancy outcome. 相似文献
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为确保隧道施工安全,建立了改进未确知测度理论,并应用置信度识别准则来确定隧道塌方风险等级。风险评估步骤如下:首先,选取围岩等级、隧道埋深、地下水、偏压角度和不良地质因素作为静态孕险指标,大气降水、开挖跨度、支护措施和监控测量作为动态致险指标;其次,采用物元分析代替熵权分析来确定静态和动态组合权重;最后提出风险规避方法,从而有效降低风险等级。将改进未确知测度理论风险评价方法成功应用于关口垭部分隧道风险评价中,既能准确判断风险等级,又能有效控制风险因素,为隧道风险评价提供了新方向。 相似文献
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California Proposition 65 (Prop65) provides a mechanism by which the manufacturer may perform a quantitative risk assessment to be used in determining the need for cancer warning labels. This paper presents a risk assessment under this regulation for professional and do-it-yourself insulation installers. It determines the level of insulation glass fiber exposure (specifically Owens Corning's R-25 PinkPlus with Miraflex) that, assuming a working lifetime exposure, poses no significant cancer risk under Prop65's regulations. "No significant risk" is defined under Prop65 as a lifetime risk of no more than one additional cancer case per 100,000 exposed persons, and nonsignificant exposure is defined as a working lifetime exposure associated with "no significant risk." This determination can be carried out despite the fact that the relevant underlying studies (i.e., chronic inhalation bioassays) of comparable glass wool fibers do not show tumorigenic activity. Nonsignificant exposures are estimated from (1) the most recent RCC chronic inhalation bioassay of nondurable fiberglass in rats; (2) intraperitoneal fiberglass injection studies in rats; (3) a distributional, decision analysis approach applied to four chronic inhalation rat bioassays of conventional fiberglass; (4) an extrapolation from the RCC chronic rat inhalation bioassay of durable refractory ceramic fibers; and (5) an extrapolation from the IOM chronic rat inhalation bioassay of durable E glass microfibers. When the EPA linear nonthreshold model is used, central estimates of nonsignificant exposure range from 0.36 fibers/cc (for the RCC chronic inhalation bioassay of fiberglass) through 21 fibers/cc (for the i.p. fiberglass injection studies). Lower 95% confidence bounds on these estimates vary from 0.17 fibers/cc through 13 fibers/cc. Estimates derived from the distributional approach or from applying the EPA linear nonthreshold model to chronic bioassays of durable fibers such as refractory ceramic fiber or E glass microfibers are intermediate to the other approaches. Estimates based on the Weibull 1.5-hit nonthreshold and 2-hit threshold models exceed by at least a factor of 10 the corresponding EPA linear nonthreshold estimates. The lowest nonsignificant exposures derived in this assessment are at least a factor of two higher than field exposures measured for professionals installing the R-25 fiberglass insulation product and are orders of magnitude higher than the estimated lifetime exposures for do-it-yourselfers. 相似文献